# All Questions

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### In which situation a HMAC is mandatory ? (rather than digital signature)

I’ve seen that the question has been asked already but this is still confusing to me. In digital signature, Alice send a message M and the ...
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### HSM RNG - Compliance to FIPS 186-2

If the RNG of an HSM is said to be compliant to FIPS 140-2 (approved DRBG - SP 800-90 CTR mode) does also imply that it is compliant to FIPS 186-2 ? Thank you
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### Homomorphic encryption implementation over circuits or assembly code [on hold]

I've looked at a few implementation of homomorphic encryption, such as HElib, but they only consider additions/multiplications and such. Is anyone aware of any implementation of homomorphic ...
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### Entropy of Hash function [duplicate]

How is the entropy of the output of hash functions are defined? More specifically I saw in the paper https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/383.pdf Table 3 page 24. The entropy of challenge is mentioned which ...
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### Proof for collision resistance on a block-based hash

I am designing an unkeyed hash based on the SIMON cipher. This is a follow up to “this” question. A quick summary: I have an ECC engine and the SIMON cipher in hardware, and it’s in an extremely ...
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### Encoding an element in $r=r'||h(r')$ way

We consider a finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$, where $p$ is a large prime e.g. 256-bit. We have $b$ a fixed element of the field. We encode it as $b'=b||h(b)$, where $h(.)$ is a cryptographic hash ...
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### How to tell if an audio stream is encrypted or corrupted? [on hold]

Is the following stream encrypted or corrupted? I was on a call and then this happened: http://vocaroo.com/i/s0PlF2s8ULAU
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### How we compute distance after lshashing? [on hold]

If we use an lsh function under l2 distance (hw,b(x)= ⌊ (wTx)/r ⌋ where w is a d-dimensional vector with entries chosen independently from a 2-stable distribution, r is a positive real number) or ...
20 views

### Proof that two signatures are done with the same short bases

My question is regarding lattice based signatures. Each lattice can have multiple short (secret) bases. Is it possible to proof in zero knowledge that two signatures on a fixed lattice have been ...
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### What is the exact algorithm and functions of the 4 way handshake?

I have to make a detailed diagram of the 4 way handshake and formulas for its functions so I need to know the exact process behind it. Like precisely what functions are used in it? I have been trying ...
175 views

### How should I read these three-dimensional (pseudo)random-generated numbers representations?

Visiting this site: http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/oldtcp/tcpseq.html#phase I found graphical representations of random-generated sequence numbers, but I can't figure out how to interprete the plots. ...
32 views

### A5/2: Ciphertext Only Attack

A5/2 could be attacked with cipher-text only, using the Error Correction Code, in order to retrieve the session key. For the purpose of simplicity suppose that the error correction code copy the ...
2k views

### Which public key cryptosystems are not based on number theory?

Are there any public key cryptographic systems whose hardness assumptions don't involve number theoretic problems?
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### any post-shannon symmetric ciphers?

As far as I understand block ciphers use only simple operations to ensure good enough confusion and diffusion levels. meaning there is no math in it. "breaking a good cipher should require as much ...
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### Does changing the order of the steps within a round affect the security of AES?

I was trying to understand the internal structure of AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) Standard order of steps within a round: Substitute Bytes Shift Rows Mix Columns Add Round Key Substitute ...
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### What do the last chunks of the output string of Scrypt contain?

When you use scrypt to hash a string, it will generate something like: ...
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### Why is symmetric lightweight crypto only about block ciphers and not about stream ciphers?

Why is symmetric lightweight cryptography only about block ciphers and not about stream ciphers? AFAIK stream cipher implementations cost at least three times less than block cipher ones?