# All Questions

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### Proper Way to Encrypt Data with Two Keys?

I'm going to develop a system that will have two keys. One supplied and generated by the system that's specific to an individual user and one from the user. I plan on using AES. Does it make sense ...
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### How random are comercial TRNGS

I'm thinking about buying an USB TRNG. The question is: How do I evaluate it's randomness ? I'm sure some are better than others but which is which ? Are thermal-noise better than radio-noise TRNGs?
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### Recommended skills for a job in cryptology

First let me apologize if this is an ill posed question. Let me also note that I do not in any way seek a comprehensive answer, simply your thoughts on what makes for a valuable asset to a company ...
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### Requiring a “supervisor” key pair and a “user” key pair to decrypt multiple-recipient messages

I've been toying with some encryption scenarios recently. One of the hard ones I came across is a multi-party system. So we have Bob -- The person who sends the message (and knows it's recipients) ...
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346 views

### Selective format-compliant JPEG encryption?

I am working towards building a format-compliant encryption system for pictures. The aim of it is to be able to obscure specific areas of a picture (i.e. faces, car license numbers...) while keeping ...
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### Is this a sensible cryptographic protocol intending to reduce the impact of compromised security?

I'm in the process of designing a cryptographic protocol which will reduce the impact an attacker will have if they gained root access to a server storing data. The basic crux of it is that keys ...
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### Generate fixed length cipher text from arbitrary length plaintext

Using an encryption algorithm like AES, is it possible to generate a fixed length cipher text no matter how long the plain text becomes?
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### Generating IV in TLS 1.2

I'm writing a TLS 1.2 implementation (in C#) using a custom protocol. My question is how to generate the IV attached to each message, I don't want to use RandonNumberGenerator because I've heard it ...
118 views

### Help me describe/identify this challenge-response protocol/algorithm?

My area of expertise is reverse engineering, specifically embedded systems. I do attack cryptographic systems, but this largely involves key recovery or exploiting the implementation. I was asked to ...
156 views

### SHA-1:Is there any mathematical result that gives us the minimum number of 1's in a 160-bit SHA-1 hash output?

Is there any mathematical result that gives us the minimum number of 1's in a 160-bit SHA-1 hash output? What is the probability that a 160-bit SHA-1 hash output contains at least 128 1's?
161 views

### Understanding Feldman's VSS with a simple example

I'm trying to understand Feldman's VSS Scheme. The basic idea of that scheme is that one uses Shamir secret sharing to share a secret and commitments of the coefficients of the polynomial to allow the ...
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### Is Functional Encryption about Access Control over encrypted data alone?

Informally, In functional encryption system , a decryption key allows a user to learn a function of the encrypted data. But all i see is that the function acts as an access control over the data. ...
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### True random numbers generated by sensors

Is using sensor raw data a good way of generating true random numbers? I mean using an IPhone's gyro/accelerometer raw output as a base for generating an array of true random numbers.
1k views

### How to solve MixColumns

I can't really understand MixColumns in Advanced Encryption Standard, can anyone help me how to do this? I found some topic in the internet about MixColumns, but I still have a lot of question to ...
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### pseudo random sequence and permutation functions [closed]

Iam doing my Master thesis in enhancing of an encryption algorithm by using of a pseudo random sequence generators to create a 16*16 shared table and apply a permutation function on it. one of the ...
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### calculating beta for elgamal elliptic curves [duplicate]

Suppose we use elgamal elliptic curves for secure communication. Bob selects a prime $p$, an elliptic curve $E$, a point $\alpha$ on $E \pmod p$, and a secret integer $f$. Suppose that Bob has ...
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### SHA-1: Is there any mathematical result that gives us the minimum number of 1's in a 160-bit SHA-1 hash output? [duplicate]

Is there any mathematical result that gives us the minimum number of 1's in a 160-bit SHA-1 hash output? What is the probability that the 160 bit result contains at least 128 1's?
143 views

### Anonymity in end to end encryption

Considering a scenario of anonymous data transfer between seller and buyer using proxies. If we consider that there are three proxies that are being selected by buyer to obtain data from different ...
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### Is AES really used for Top Secret stuff?

I've read almost everywhere that AES-256 can be used for Top Secret material (in the US). Is it really used or is it some kind of decoy to hide the more advanced algorithm they might use ?
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### Partial collisions for md5

Let $h$ be a bitstring and let $P(h, n)$ be the n-bit prefix of $h$. A partial collision of length $n$, for a hash function $H$ is a pair $(x,y)$, such that $P(H(x),n)=P(H(y),n)$. What is known about ...
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### How to decipher this morse-like code message? [closed]

I found this little string that looks like Morse Code, but instead of dots (dits) has hearts symbols, I tried to change the hearts for dots, but I was not able to get any redable text. ...
Let's suppose we have an Alice who knows a secret key A, and Bob who knows key B. Using their own keys, they each encrypt a message (Alice encrypts $m_A$, Bob encrypts $m_B$) with their own key, and ...