# All Questions

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### Transforming Gaussian random $[0,1]$ numbers to uniform $[0,255]$

I am not exactly sure if this is for math stackexchange or crypto: A TRNG outputs numbers in $[0,1]$ in a Gaussian distribution. I would like to convert them into uniform random bytes ($[0,255]$) to ...
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### Is Checksum to file back decoding possible?

So, I was having this weird thought. If the checksums(MD5 or SHA...) are unique to any file and are modified if any part of the file is edited, why cant the checksums be decoded back to get the ...
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### Public SRP verifiers or public hash chain “public keys” when secret is low entropy password

I want to set up the following: An untrusted server should host user sessions and authenticate users without knowing their passwords or being capable of creating a fake user session in the user's ...
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### Key exchange resilience to DoS attack

I am designing a user registration protocol for a system where I control both clients and servers. The aim is to establish a symmetric key for subsequent authentication, while minimizing the work ...
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### ssh-keygen DH Primality Testing

I'm pretty familiar with using ssh-keygen to create groups that go in the /etc/ssh/moduli file for the Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange in openssh. Reading over the man page, it says "By default, each ...
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### Extend OTP on random data?

If Alice and Bob both start with a shared OTP $P_0$, which is 256-bytes long, and Alice wants to send a 512-byte message, would it be secure to send the first 256 bytes with standard OTP (...
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### Why not put MAC in fixed position and cover padding for MAC-then-encrypt?

The biggest problem with using MtE with a mode where it's known to be secure (CBC) is with the padding, where you can't retrieve the authentication until you know where it is by looking at the padding ...
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### can cramer-shoup public key have two difefrent private key?

since I am new to Cramer Shoup algorithm I want to know is it possible to have 2 different private key for a public key due the key pair generation algorithm that Cramer Shoup use? I know that in ...
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### Is Cramer-Shoup backdoorable?

We recently had the question whether it's possible to have multiple private keys with one public key for the cramer-shoup cryptosystem. There it was stated that finding such "secondary" private keys ...
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### Is the GOST block cipher broken?

Is the GOST cipher broken or known to be weak and insecure? Please try to simplify your answer since I am a programmer and not a cryptographer and please consider this web page and tell me if the ...
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### More efficient and just as secure to sign message hash using Ed25519?

According to the Ed25519 paper, the (potentially long) input message is hashed twice (see http://ed25519.cr.yp.to/ed25519-20110926.pdf Section 4 page 12 steps 1 and 3). The webpage ...
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### In SSL and TLS, why is there a separate Change Cipher Spec Protocol rather than including a change_cipher_spec message in the Handshake Protocol?

In SSL and TLS, why is there a separate Change Cipher Spec Protocol rather than including a change_cipher_spec message in the Handshake Protocol?
27 views

### can non assembly crypto libraries truly be secure against timing attacks?

http://cr.yp.to/antiforgery/cachetiming-20050414.pdf states the following: So what went wrong? Answer: NIST failed to recognize that table lookups do not take constant time. “Table lookup: not ...
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### CP-ABE for threshold cryptography

I would like to know if there is any research work using CP-ABE for threshold cryptography, if there is not, is it interesting to do it ? thanks.
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### Signature Verification: High level

I'm trying to understand how certificate signing and verification works conceptually. I know the classic example with asymmetric cryptography- the sender encrypts data with public key of receiver, ...
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### Implementing CBC Encryption Using Decryption

I've implemented this algorithm, which, working from the end of the message backwards, creates a valid CBC ciphertext from any plaintext, using the block cipher's decryption operation instead of the ...
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### How AES treat string input to encrypt data and what will happen if the cipher key is less than that expected?

The official docs of AES have several example of how hexadecimal or byte input can be encrypted. I have some problem about the input text and cipher key. My question is: How can encrypt string input ...
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### ElGamal in $Z^*_{p^n}$

If $p$ is an odd prime and $n$ natural,it is known that the group $Z^*_{p^n}$ is cyclic.Explain why the selection-choice of the group $Z^*_{{3^{1000}}}$ for the construction of a cryptosystem ElGamal ...
147 views

### Has anyone heard of matrix-based “Roman Doll” encryption techniques?

I've been told that prime-number factoring is based on a "roman-doll" sequence of matrices, where a seed matrix of height Y and width X exists consisting of all zeros except for a single 1 at row Y ...
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### Can we solve the Hidden Number Problem in $GF(2^n)$?

Is it possible to solve the Hidden Number Problem in extension fields? In particular in $GF(2^n)$? Let's suppose an attacker knows some least/most significant bits of $r_i = a_i \times k$ in a given ...
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### Present an attack for the combination of OTP and textbook RSA

Let $N=p \times q$ where $p$ and $q$ are two primes. Compute $\Phi (N) = (p-1)(q-1)$. Choose $e$ s.t. $1 < e < \Phi(N)$ and $gcd(e,\Phi(N))=1$. Compute $d = e^{-1}(mod \ \Phi(N))$. ...
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### Let $F$ be a PRF, is the following $G(x)=F_{0…0}(x)∥F_{0…1}(x)|| … ||F_{1…1}(x)$ a PRG?

$F$ is a PRF with $n$ bit key, input, and output length. I know the answer is "NO it isn't!", but I can't understand why. Is that because on any input $x$, the keys for every $F$ in the concatenation ...
82 views

### Attack on Double Encryption Scheme

In this protocol: A → B : { <[A, {K}pk(B)]> }pk(B) B → A : { <[B, {K}pk(A)]> }pk(A) I'd like to determine why this is insecure. How can the attacker learn the key K if A and B are both ...
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### Cryptanalysis on two time pad ciphers? [duplicate]

One time pad ciphers are unbreakable if the message is encrypted correctly and if only used once. However if used more than once, it becomes decipherable. How come? Also, would it be smart to use one ...
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### where could I find info on number based ciphers specifically? [on hold]

I am trying to decode some conversations in a game and would like any help that could be offered. The Conversations are a string of Numbers and spaces without punctuation. Since I know almost ...
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### Is $G$ a secure PRG?

Is the following function a secure PRG? Given $F$ is a secure PRG and $k$ is choosen random from key space $K$. $$G(x) = F(k,x) \oplus F(k,x \oplus 1^s)$$ My solution is $x \oplus 1^s = x'$ ...
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### How to verify perfect secrecy of a cryptosystem? [on hold]

I’m playing with a self-made encryption algorithm: “a new approach to data encryption” by Suhail Yazji (video available at youtube.com/watch?v=h1kABn5dfXc). How can I prove my algorithm to be ...
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### Prove that certain amount of data was stored

I'm looking for a way to prove that a certain amount of data was stored, through some easily verifiable piece of information. Similarly to how proof-of-work can prove through a hash that a certain ...
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### Knowing that $G(s)$ is a PRG, is the following construction $G'(s) = G(s||0)$ a PRG?

I know there already is a very similar question. However, I can't understand why $G'(s)$ is not a PRG. If $G(s)$ is a PRG, then why $G(s||0)$ can't also be a PRG? How can the distribution over ...
51 views

### ElGamal signatures systems

Let $p$ prime number $q/p-1$ prime and $g\in (Z/pZ)^*$ element of order $q$.Also $a\in \{1,...,q-1\}$ the private key and $y\equiv g^a\pmod p$ the correspoding public key.For each of the following ...
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### Why should I use Authenticated Encryption instead of just encryption?

There are various different modes of operation for block cipher use, some of which provide "encryption" and some of which provide authenticated encryption. Why should I use an authenticated ...