# All Questions

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### Recipient ID asked whie using Symmetric encryption with GnuPG

I'm trying to encrypt a file using AES algo and sign it using my private key in GPG. The command I'm using is gpg --encrypt --symmetric --cipher-algo aes256 --armor --sign input-file It asks me for ...
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### Decrypt with only the cipher file and the key?

I got an encrypted file, and I got the key. The only thing I don't know is "how it has been encrypted". The cipher file is "data" type (not readable by a text editor), but the key is a "text". Do ...
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### Python. RSA common modulus attack problem

I have: N = /*500 decimal numbers*/ E1 = 3740453 E2 = 4226171 M^E1 = /*500 decimal numbers*/ M^E2 = /*500 decimal numbers*/ I must use RSA common modulus ...
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### Is salt bring more security for digital signature!

Is it good idea to use salt in digital signature? Is it bring more security? If so, I should use it for key or the message?
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### Types of Cryptography for a 4-8 bit microcontroller

This is more of a research question. I was wondering what types of crypto algorithms would work best on a small 4-8 bit micro controller. I recently read a paper called Security Considerations for ...
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### Recover a secret message in a .wav file

First, I apologize for my english, I'll do my best. On my computer, I got a .wav audio file that hides a secret message. I want to recover that message. But I'm stuck and I need your help :). My ...
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### How does hash function in Elgamal signature scheme prevent existential forgery attack?

I have heard that hashing the message M prevents an existential forgery attack. I was wondering how.
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### Verbatim of early work on public-key cryptography?

In late 1997, the history of public-key cryptography was turned around with the announcement by the CESG (April 2000 archive) that public-key cryptography was theorized in a 1970 note [1] by James ...
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### Change of axis positions in Vigenere Square

Is there any history of codes in which there have been changes in the normal axis positions of the Vigenere Square? Have been working on a code which has two non-normal positions -- one with the ...
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### Why we can't implement AES 512 key size?

Out of curiosity why we can't implement AES 512 key size? Please explain somehow i can understand! I'm not an expert.
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### Hash collision using the leading 40-bits of SHA-1

I am trying to implement Floyd's cycle finding algorithm for finding a leading 40-bit hash collision in the SHA-1 algorithm. However, my code will not find a repetition even with 800,000,000 hashes. ...
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### Encryption of big files in Java with AES/GCM

I have to encrypt big files. Say their size ranges from 500mb to several of gigabytes. I would like to use AES/GCM/NoPadding as provided by Java 1.8 since that gives me automatic authentication and ...
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### Bilinear Map vs Inner Product

What is the difference between a Bilinear Map and a Inner Product?
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### Proving correctness of a decryption of a homomorphically summed ciphertext?

I would like to take some additively homomorphic cryptosystem - don't care much which one for now - and encrypt a series of numbers with it. I would then like to (in public) take these numbers, add ...
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### What informal indicators exist for estimating the computational infeasibility of cryptographic problems?

When assuming a block cipher primitive is secure, or a number theoretic problem is hard, this assumption is usually based on how far we are from breaking the primitive or solving the problem using ...
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### Hybrid fair exchange protocol

A gradual fair exchange (layman term) is a form of fair exchange protocol where Alice will transfer 1 bit to Bob then Bob will transfer 1 bit to Alice. The flaw with this protocol is that the party ...
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### Are all binary-additive stream ciphers reciprocal?

I'm writing a thesis focused on Maurer's provably-secure stream cipher. Long story short, this cipher works by expanding a short key into a long keystream and then XORring this keystream with the ...
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### What is the difference between order of base point and curve order in EC?

When I was read about the elliptic curve cryptography I found some definition about domain parameter of elliptic curve like the follow. But I did not understand something $p$: prime number. $a, b$: ...
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### Calculate the security of a cascade cipher

I’m reading “The Security of Multiple Encryption in the Ideal Cipher Model” and I’m having a hard time understanding something. How do I calculate the bounds of cascade cipher from the following ...
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### Cryptographic Operations and Security

sign((M’, TAlice, sign(( encrypt(( encrypt(M, KpbBob), M’), K), TBob), KsBob)), KsAlice) Can you tell me six security-related facts ...
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### Is there a Javascript and Java implementation of a good CSPRNG [on hold]

I need to use a cryptographically secure pseudo random number generator in my client running Javascript and in my server running Java. Is there a well-known implementation of a good CSPRNG in both ...
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### To prove $r \cdot f_1 +f_2 \cdot (s+1)$ is secure

We define the polynomials $r, f_1,f_2,s \in R[x]$. Where $r$ is a random degree 1 polynomial and $s$ is a random polynomial such that: $degree(s)=degree(f_1)=degree(f_2)$, let $R$ be $\mathbb{Z}_p$ ...
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### Difference between signing with SHA256 vs. signing with RSA-SHA256 [on hold]

I play with digital signatures using node.js (server side JavaScript, built on Google's V8 JS engine). There is a "crypto" module included. For test purpose, I created a digital signature of some XML ...
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### What happens when cbc+hmac get a replay attack?

If it use AES-CBC and HMAC-SHA256 for message send online, and someone try to replay attack on this message. Can the attack be successful? what will be happen when attacking?
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### Availability of a simple limited PRNG algorithm

I am in need of a really simple limited PRNG, that either exists or can easily be created in virtually any language on any platform. It takes only the initial seed, and is only expected to generate a ...
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### Elliptic curves for ECDSA

I'm trying to implement parameters generation for ECDSA according to SEC1 v2.0: ...
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### AES - Encrypting multiple blocks of files

On my site, users can download files which are stored on public hosting, so I need to encrypt them. A downloaded file is divided into blocks of 1 kB and I want encrypt them individually, using the ...