All Questions

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The relationship between the key length and encrypt time in Xor algorithm?

I did work on the encryption algorithm and the decryption using the XOR method noticed that when more the key length, the less time spent on encryption and decryption. I have two questions in ...
251 views

Would it be possible to create a game where one would need to decrypt a simple encryption?

This might sound pretty weird, but I was thinking of a game a person could play alone with a pen and paper. I got this idea where the person would write a random four letter string on a paper, and ...
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Turning a cipher into a hashing function

This is theoretical question. I'd like to know if it's possible (and what are eventually the consequences), not that I'm going to do it in one of my projects. ;) The first hashing functions created ...
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Is the strength of RSA over quadratic or other cyclotomic fields as strong as over the integers?

If we assume the strength of RSA is based on the difficulty of factoring (which I know we can't guarantee) and we compose the modulus of some other quadratic ring that is a unique factorization domain ...
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Would usage of jCryption 3.0 + SSL have mitigated the Heartbleed vulnerability?

I came across a project called jCryption 3.0, which encrypts data between the client and server, without using SSL. If a website's JavaScript had used jCryption 3.0 to encrypt login form fields before ...
132 views

How can I convert numbers into prime numbers?

I'm working with one-way accumulators, but I'm not knowledgable in cryptography. Is there an easy peasy way to hash numbers (or whatever) into prime numbers? Obviously I'd like it to be collision ...
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What happens if biometric data is stolen? [migrated]

This question isn't very specific, but I think it would be ok to post it in the cryptography StackExchange (hopefully). As we move toward a future where fingerprints might possibly replace passwords, ...
62 views

Existence of a map $\phi:\mathbb{Z}_{N^2}^* \mapsto \mathbb{F}$

Is there a map between the group of $\mathbb{Z}_{N^2}^*$ where $N$ is a composite number , a product of two equal size secure prime numbers $p$ and $q$ and a finite field $\mathbb{F}$, such that for ...
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Composing hashes and/or MACs

Suppose I have n hash/MAC functions, of which n-1 are extremely insecure, leaving only one that is in fact cryptographically secure. If I use all of them on a message and the XOR them together the ...
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Is anyone aware of Du atallah multiplicative secret sharing scheme for dot products for > 2 party scenario?

I am working on Du Atallah's multiplicative secret sharing scheme for more than 2 party scenario. Is anyone aware of its multiparty version (more than 2 parties). The paper for 2 party can be found ...
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Which commitment scheme is better for malicious models

Can some one suggest which scheme is better for malicious models in terms of efficiency and security? A Pedersen's VSS based scheme or the one based on Fiat-Feige-Shamir digital signatures ?
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SSL-like protocol with public-key hard-coded in the client

Imagine a SSL-like protocol that instead of using certificates signed by a trusted CA, has the server's public key hard-coded in the client. My question is: what happens if the server's private key is ...
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Sequence of Encrypting RSA like Chaum Blinding scheme

I'd be a noob in cryptography but reading up a little on RSA, I do get some understanding and I want to specifically resolve this issue. UPDATED Lets say we have the following values in place: ...
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I am creating a database to store our client's information at work (a heritage center specializing in DNA based genealogy. Once the results of a test come back we have people that use the information ...
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Has there ever been more then a theortetical difference between preimage resistance and second preimage resistance?

In other words, has there ever been a point in time in which having the content of a message has actually helped break a hash function?
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Are AES-256's related-key weaknesses exploitable if it is used to build a hash?

Assume it is made a hash based on AES-256 encryption (perhaps because this is hardware-accelerated, but no standard hash is); and it is used the Merkle–Damgård structure, that is padding of the ...
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SHA256 Padding and Parsing [on hold]

Can anyone please help me with basic Verilog Structure for Padding and Parsing stages of SHA256. I have Googled it a lot but couldn't find it. I'm stuck at How to check the Size " L " of the random ...
143 views

Are there any elliptic curve asymmetric encryption algorithms?

RSA offers the functionality of encrypting (short messages, or symmetric keys) with a public key, and decrypting with a private key. However, RSA key generation is extremely expensive, especially for ...
121 views

Leak-proof protocol: is such a thing possible?

Is it possible to design a protocol that by itself guarantees that a malicious implementation cannot leak secret data without breaking the protocol? Setting: Alice and Bob have a pre-shared secret ...
102 views

Block cipher and parity of permutation

Can anyone explain the following text passage to me? Most real-world block ciphers build even permutations, because it's hard to build odd ones using small operations (32 bit) on larger (128 ...
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Could program verification techniques prevent bugs of the genre of Heartbleed from occurring? [migrated]

On the matter of the Heartbleed bug, Bruce Schneier wrote in his Crypto-Gram of 15th April: '"Catastrophic" is the right word. On the scale of 1 to 10, this is an 11.' I read several years ago that a ...
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Does AES-128 have the same strength as AES-256 with a padded key?

When I use the same 128-bit key for AES-128 and AES-256 with a known/public padding for the latter, is there some weakness in AES-256 that is not present in AES-128 with essentially the same key? ...
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Is there a simple zero knowledge proof of $x$ for $b=x^x\pmod p$?

We have a multiplicative cyclic group $G$ which is a subgroup of $(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})∗$. There are two parties, Alice and Bob: If: Alice knows: $b$ and $x$ such that $x^x = b$; Bob knows: $b$. ...
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Does IKEv2 protocol have two modes like IKE

IKE Protocol have 2 modes, that modes have different structure. Does IKEv2 protocol have two modes like IKE.
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Positioning of keys in encrypted text

I'm just looking at very simple encryption. I've noticed that the key is typically either at the front or at the back of the encrypted text. This is quite easy to break if you know the key. It can ...
85 views

Why does HMAC need a fixed length padding?

As everybody knows in order to calculate HMAC we have to concatenate padding to the message. I am just curious why the padding needs to be fixed-length. Why do we need the blocksize parameter here? ...
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What is a 'secret key factory'? What precisely is it doing? [on hold]

I have found a Java implementation of AES CBC mode that runs in Netbeans. The lines below appear to create the key from password and salt: ...
105 views

Security of RSA for paranoids with padding?

RSA for Paranoids (RSAP) (in cryptobytes v3n1), also known as Unbalanced RSA, is a variant of RSA proposed in 1995 by Adi Shamir, as a mean to increase the RSA public modulus size while keeping ...
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Attack of an RSA signature scheme using PKCS#1 v1.5 encryption padding

My best interpretation of this question is that Java's crypto API has been subverted to perform RSA signature using PKCS#1 v1.5 encryption padding. Assume the signature $S$ of a message $M$ is ...
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security in the standard model → random oracle model?

Can a protocol proved secure in the standard model be considered secure in the random oracle model?
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Exchanging Keyspace and Message space in PRF

Suppose there is a secure PRF $F: K \times X \to Y$. Then is $F': X \times K \to Y$, defined by $F'(x,k):=F(k,x)$, a secure PRF? In my opinion it should be because exchanging the keyspace with ...
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Does ElGamal Encryption create a different key for each block sent?

I ask about ElGamal algorithm. Is ElGamal algorithm used new key for each encryption process. in other word it should we use new key for each chunk? For example, if we have message that has four block ...
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Certificate Revocation List [migrated]

There are many fields on a certificate revocation list (CRL) like Algorithm, Parameters, Issuer Name, This update date, Next update date, user certificate serial #, etc. While I understand the purpose ...
114 views

How to select $g$ in Paillier Cryptosystem

For my cryptography class project in university I have selected Paillier Cryptosystem as a course project ...
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does re-encrypting the same value with multiple keys reduce security

I found myself wondering today, how much security is lost if you take a plaintext - assume that its content, including any metadata is unknown to an attacker, for example it may be random data - and ...
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In Pedersen Key Distribution, can the public key be persistent?

I am implementing a key distribution protocol described by Torben Pedersen in A Threshold Cryptosystem without a Trusted Party (EUROCRYPT'91). In the protocol, the $n$ parties distribute a public key ...
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Homomorphic Encryption and Semantic Security using Lattices?

I've been reading Brakerski and Vaikuntanathan's "Efficient Fully Homomorphic Encryption from (Standard) LWE" and I'm still digesting pieces at a time. Under section 1.1, "Re-Linearization: Somewhat ...
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How to make sure the pre-agreed information safe for DH-Key Exchange

The definition of DH key exchange was given as the method let two authenticate each other & exchange the crypto key over an insecure channel. DH-key-exchange was innovated to defence ...
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How to understand authenticator working process [on hold]

Now days authenticator are used widely, however as a beginner to cryptography, I'm confused on the mechanism of key refresh. How it works ? Is that related to DH-key-exchange or the server will change ...
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Compute in GF(2^8) [duplicate]

(x^4+x+1)/(x^7+x^6+x^3+x^2), where the irreducible polynomial is the one used by AES, P(x)=x^8+x^4+x^3+x+1. I think I need to ...
176 views

implementing a cryptographic hash with a block cipher [duplicate]

How can a cryptographic hash function be implemented/created using the block cipher? I was wondering if we can use AES in cipher block chaining mode to implement it.
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PRP, PRF and modular arithmetic

Are there any arithmetic or mathematical functions that can be used as PRPs or PRFs ? Since, Conventional block ciphers like AES are that are proven to be good PRPs are not based on mathematics but ...