# All Questions

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### public key distribution from a central server

I'm trying to code up a encrypted communication program. Originally I was thinking that I would use public key cryptography and then I would keep the public keys in a database where users could query ...
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### low-exponent RSA

I have questions from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F3-540-68339-9_1 Suppose we have 2 messages $m_1$ and $m_2$ related by a known relation $m_2=m_1+1$. Suppose further the messages are ...
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### How to implement a hash function(viewed as random oracle) which a string of 0s and 1s to multiplicative group of prime order?

I have to implement a cryptographic protocol which has a cryptographic hash function H: {0,1}* -> G. It is viewed as random oracle. G is multiplicative group of prime order. I want to know the steps ...
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### Can GMAC be considered as a valid standalone MAC mode of operation for Authentication only application?

Once gcm has been implemented for providing both encryption & authentication solution , it appears obvious to consider that such implementation can also provide (if required by new user) a Mac ...
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### Factorization wanted [closed]

I am trying to factor 6770389183242962153995229561325734953985709474234543383365326043276409942870153199419967538710900938086776046853 which is a factor of 10*80!+1. ECM did not find a factor, and ...
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### How to build an electro-mechanical public key cipher machine?

It is generally assumed that asymmetric encryption schemes were invented in 1973 at GCHQ in Britain and, independently, in 1976 at the MIT. My question is, if the abstract idea of having a public key ...
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### How do I decrypt ciphertext with this cipher?

I have an encryption function $$E(p) = (ap + b) \mod{26}$$ where the parameters are $a=7$, $b = 10$, and $p$ is the plaintext letter. I was asked to decrypt the ciphertext ...
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### authenticated encryption modes gcm & ccm

I have two questions for Clarification for AE mode choice criteria GCM : it appears to be actually the most popular and widely used AE mode of operation. however it is also well-known to be highly ...
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### Can cryptography be used to hide routing information from the router?

If Alice wants to talk to Bob and she has to involve a third party system run by Carol to establish, and possibly maintain, communications, then Carol knows that Alice and Bob communicated with each ...
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### OpenSSL AES 256-bit Key Management

I am using C and OpenSSL to encrypt files. After experimenting with the OpenSSL command line utility, it makes you enter a passphrase that can be any length, but uses that to create a 256-bit key. ...
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### BAN Logic, Problem to Idealize the protocols

I'm studying the BAN logic. In the application of it, there is a step,where I have to idealize the protocol that I'm analyzing. I have problems to make this. Anyone that has expertise in BAN logic ...
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### How do zero knowledge protocol with vertex-3-coloring work?

I'm currently not sure if I understood how the zero knowledge protocol with vertex-3-coloring works. I'll describe what I think I've understood and I'll write my questions in bold. ...
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### Why is H(message||secret_key) not vulnerable to length-extension attack?

Given a Merkle-Damgård hash function $H$, I know that an attacker can forge a message protected by a MAC computed as $H(\textrm{secret_key}||\textrm{message})$. Why can't he perform the same ...
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### Recommended authenticated stream cipher for minimum overhead?

I'm running my TCP/IP protocol secured by encrypting each packet with AES128/CBC, bundling a SHA256 HMAC over that packet. This causes quite a bit of space overhead for small packets, so at first I ...
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### Encrypting and MACing different data with same key

It's a well-known best practice to not use one key to both encrypt and MAC data. In my application, there are instances where I MAC a piece of data without having encrypted it first. Do I still need a ...
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### Is it possible to cryptographically prove when was the last time a ciphertext was decrypted/encrypted?

I want to provide a service that encrypts and decrypts documents and I want to provide the users with proof that I haven't stolen their secret key and read their documents. I know I can prove when a ...
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### How can I tell what symmetric algorithm my browser is using?

I'd like to learn more about how hard it is to break and decrypt stored HTTPS (SSL) traffic. Apparently it depends on which symmetric algorithm was chosen during the SSL handshake. How can I find out ...
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### How does Poly1305 in the NaCl library calculate a MAC?

I've been reading about Poly1305 as implemented in the NaCl library, more specifically I've been referring to this Java implementation of NaCl. My understanding of XSalsa20Poly1305 (in this ...
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### Can Poly1305 be used with block ciphers running in CTR mode?

Is the use of Poly1305 limited to stream ciphers? (note, I'm not talking about Poly1305-AES )? Can it be used with block ciphers running in CTR mode? If so, what other considerations/limitations are ...
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### Why is it impractical to generate a semiprime dictionary? [duplicate]

This might be a very simple question. However, I am just learning the concept, so just excuse me. I am wondering why there is not any attempt to generate all semiprime numbers? (as an dict. attack to ...
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### Given a private RSA key, how do we get the public key?

Is it possible to pre-choose a private RSA key, then obtain a public key from it?
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### How to choose the appropriate public (i, m) and private (j, m) keys?

I studied some encryption and decryption and I have found some very interesting problem to solve on the internet. I hope I am writing to right site - there are so many in StackExchange otherwise I ...
244 views

### Algorithm: How to use x and y mouse movement co-ordinates to generate random data?

Background: I'm making a program for fun as a learning exercise. I want to generate some actual random key material (not pseudorandom) from a JavaScript program. For my program is just for ...
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### Preimage resistance hash in digital signature

I'm studying about preimage resistance property of the hash functions. In particularly I'm reading as the missing of this property can be fatal in digital signatures that use RSA. Further details: ...
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### Security strength of RSA in relation with the modulus size

NIST SP 800-57 §5.6.1 p.62–64 specifies a correspondence between RSA modulus size $n$ and expected security strength $s$ in bits: ...
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### Can any one explain Circuit Privacy using fully homomorphic encryption from Gentry's thesis?

Craig Gentry's thesis talks about circuit privacy being straight forward from fully homomorphic encryption in the last chapter. Can somebody explain in simpler terms what that means ? I have read it ...
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### What are some good references for the implementation weaknesses in RSA

I'm pretty sure I understand textbook RSA. Choose p and q, large primes, and compute n=pq. Choose e such that $gcd(\phi(n),e)=1.$ Publish n and e. Compute d such that $de=1$ (mod $\phi(n)$). To ...
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### Differential privacy definition

Differential privacy defines "privacy" of a mechanism $A$ as the "closeness" of the two distribution $Pr[A(D) \in S]$ and $Pr[A(D') \in S]$ where $D,D'$ differ in one element. And the distance between ...
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### length extension attack on an MD5 hash of a text file of about 10K Bytes?

How much computing time on a typical desktop computer would it take to find a new length and new data to extend a text file of about 10K Bytes with a given MD5 hash?
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### Can you identify the public key used to encrypt something?

If I encrypt a string with a public key, does the encrypted ciphertext reveal the public key I used to encrypt it? Basically, I don't want anyone to know who the ciphertext is addressed to. I'm ...
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### How long to bruteforce a RSA key

Suppose I have a 2048 bit RSA public key, and want to brute force the corresponding private key. I guess there are 2048^16 possible combinations? How long would this take me to brute force with an ...
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### Is it possible to anonymize web traffic so that the IP Address cannot be determined while still being able to determine distinct IPs?

I'd like to find a way to anonymize IP addresses in web logs to ensure user privacy given the following requirements: If given an IP address, there is no way to look up which requests came from the ...
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### What's efficient MPC protocol for determining if sum's bigger than y?

My secure multi-party computation (MPC) in need is simply to determine if a sum of two private variable is bigger than a given value $y$, as $f(x_0, x_1) = [(x_0 + x_1) > y]$ in which the value ...
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### Have these compositions of block ciphers the same security?

I'm interested by the compositions of the block cipher DES, instantiated with independent keys $k_1$, $k_2$ and $k_3$. Are these 3 compositions equivalent in terms of security? ...
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### Amateur question: two-way RSA?

Is this a sensible scheme for 2-way client/server communication? A client connects to a server. The server and client both generate RSA keys, and send over the public ones to each other. If the client ...
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### How Scrypt uses Salsa?

Bcrypt use Blowfish to crypt a derived key from the passphrase, Blowfish is a cryptographic algorithm, but here it is said that: Note that Salsa20/8 Core is not a cryptographic hash function ...
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### Bcrypt VS Scrypt, Again?

I found this article on SO, but the answer was short, and the subject was closed, What i don't understand, is: Which one of the two limits memory usage to avoid custom Hardware to break the password? ...