# All Questions

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### Security of a parallelizable block cipher mode

This is the scheme of a parallelizable block cipher mode of operation: $IV$ is the initialization vector. $BN$ is the zero-based index number of a block in a stream of data. $BT$ is the tweak that ...
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### Need help to find a tool that supports at least 1024 bit value to implement RSA algorithm [on hold]

I have implemented RSA on MATLAB but MATLAB dose not support 1024 bit value. It does not even support 128 bit value. It works well on smaller values but when the values of p & q are in millions it ...
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### Is part of an output of secure PRNG also cryptographically secure?

Lets say I generate 192 bits using some secure PRNG. If I now take first 128 bits is it equivalent of generating 128 bits in the first place? P.S. More practical application for me is that I need a ...
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### Secure blinding factor switching at malicious server-side (Switching in One Time pad)

Suppose all the values and operations are defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$ where $p$ is a large prime number. Assume all values are non-zero. Here $(z)^{-1}$ denotes multiplicative inverse ...
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### Algorithms for Cyrillic encryption

I am working on a cryptography application which is to be used in my country. I tried looking up to see if there are any algorithms that support the Cyrillic alphabet, but I found none. Do you know of ...
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### Block cipher not resistant to collisions

If we have the following block cipher, $E(k,m)$, which is a permutation, why is $f_2 (x,y)$ not collision resistant? $$f_2(x, y) = E(x, x \oplus y)$$
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### partition Recovery in windows 7

I encrypted a partition on my hard drive in windows 7 using bit-locker drive encryption, this partition was formatted, How may I recover it?
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### Extension of Diffie Hellman for many participants [duplicate]

How to do the Extension of Diffie Hellman Algorithm for Multiple Participants
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### Are there any practical methods of steganography?

There isn't a whole lot of information on steganography in the modern age, from what I can tell. A google search for steganography usually brings up a list of very impractical methods (e.g. tattooing ...
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### How does a non-prime modulus for Diffie-Hellman allow for a backdoor?

Recently someone found that a Diffie-Hellman modulus used in a unix tool (socat) was not prime. This led some people to shout "backdoor". What I don't understand ...
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### Generating Large Prime Numbers with Py Crypto [migrated]

I'm trying to generate a large prime number (2048 bits) using the crypto library in python in order to implement RSA. However, I do not really understand the syntax of the getPrime() function. I ...
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### ABE Schemes - Access Structures & Performance

I'm reading this article, CP-ABE with constant-size keys for lightweight devices and in the Table 1, are there these access structure: Threshold, Tree, ($n$,$n$)-Threshold, LSSS, AND gates. I have 2 ...
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### Determining Involutary Keys in Substitution Ciphers

How would I be able to show that a key $K=(a,b)$ is involutary for an Affine Cipher over the integers modulo n? Similarly, is there a way to generalize the conditions for a key to be involutary for a ...
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### Key Exchange MAC encryption order of events? Problem

I want to write the sequence of events of how a MAC encryption works for documentation at work. For this purpose I have a document (given by my boss to me) in German and I am trying to translate it ...
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### When we use one time pad TWICE in two different ways

Assumption and Notations: All the values defined over the field $\mathbb{F}_p$, where $p$ is a large prime number. We denote multiplicative inverse of value $v$ by $v^{-1}$. All values are non-zero ...
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### How to verify CURLE_PEER_FAILED_VERIFICATION, CURLE_SSL_CERTPROBLEM curl errors [on hold]

I want verify below two curl errors CURLE_PEER_FAILED_VERIFICATION, CURLE_SSL_CERTPROBLEM Please provide the source code or steps to verify above two error codes
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### Need help with PKCS#12 3 key triple des key expansion

I am trying to decrypt PKCS8-Shrouded Key Bag inside a PKCS#12 pfx file. The oid for the encrypted data is PbeWithSHAAnd3-KeyTripleDES CBC. Iteration count and salt has been provided within the pfx ...
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### How does RIPEMD160 pad the message?

For RIPEMD hashing algorithm on hardware I am not exactly getting how padding works So as per my understanding padding will work like explained below: For ripemd 160 message should be multiple of ...
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### What is the complexity to break second preimage resistance?

In the context an of hash functions we have three required properties. Preimage resistance Second preimage resistance Collision resistance. The bounds for Pre image collision is $O(2^{n-1})$, the ...
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### implementation of authenticated encryption algorithms on GPU

I am trying to implement an authenticated encryption algorithm on GPU. i have selected an algorithm that can be parallel both in Enc and Dec. this new authenticated encryption algorithm has a small ...
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### Classification of a stream cipher

How would one classify a stream cipher that is neither synchronous, nor self synchronizing? I would have thought asynchronous, but from all the sources I can find, asynchronous is synonymous with ...
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### Computing inverses in a binary field

Please suggest how can i solve the below question What is the inverse of {03} in GF (2^8) with the irreducible polynomial x8+x4+x3+x+1?
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### Effects of varying the key size for AES encryption [on hold]

How to investigate effects of varying the key size for aes algorithm encryption of data over the communication channel
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### Elliptic curve ElGamal with homomorphic mapping

I am interested in ElGamal due to the fact that you can achieve some degree of homomorphic properties. I became interested in applying ElGamal to elliptic curves, and found this other question with an ...
What will it mean for ECDSA using SHA1 when we have practical attacks breaking the collision resistance property of SHA1? [UPDATE] Added a bit more details to be clear. If $(r,s)$ is the ECDSA ...