# All Questions

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### what are the plaintext's for the RC4 stream cipher test vectors in RFC6229?

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6229 has stuff like this: ...
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### What is the fixed point attribute of DES (when used with weak-keys)

I've heard in some lecture that the weak keys in DES implies the existence of $2^{32}$ fixed points in the algorithm, i.e. that $DES_k(x)=x$ for $2^{32}$ such $x$'s. I couldn't find anything about ...
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### Signature verification with only hash (without full data)

I am looking for a way to sign a file, such that someone else can verify that I had this file, even if they only know a hash. I want to prove that I have the full file to someone who only has the ...
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### The purpose of the final xor in Davies–Meyer scheme

In Davies–Meyer hash construction scheme each block is xor'ed with the previous block cipher text. Why? The only obvious flaw I see in a scheme without this xor is the possibility to reconstruct a ...
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### Memory requirement in light weight block ciphers cryptanalysis

If we have a light weight block cipher where the block length is different than the key length. Let's say the block has a length of 64 bits while the key is 80 bits. For an attack to be successful, ...
63 views

### Attacker in a key exchange

I'm having trouble with the following question: $X(A) \rightarrow B:(A,N_X)$ $B \rightarrow X(S):(B,((A,N_X,T_B),K_{BS}),N_B)$ $X(A) \rightarrow B:(((A,N_X,T_B),K_{BS}),(N_B,N_X))$ ...
31 views

### vector space retrieval model

In tf-idf weighting scheme of vector space model, weight matrix is calculated as a product of term frequency(tf) and inverse domain frequency(idf). I need paillier dot product calculation here. Can ...
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### How does SafeNet MobilePass calculate the counter for following passwords?

Original Question: How does SafeNet MobilePASS generate passwords? The algorithm to calculate passwords was implemented by the author of the original question here: ...
37 views

### how can I understand nonlinear coding for error detection

I want to understand how nonlinear coding can detect the errors in cryptography computing . actually I don't know what these code doing and what are the codewords in this system. now can any body ...
45 views

### Security of DES P_BOX

I'm curious about the design of the P_BOX of DES. I found a paper on this topic, but it dates back to 1989. This means the effect of p-box values of the cipher immunity against Differential ...
56 views

### Secure multiparty computation of conjunction

Suppose Alice and Bob each have bits a and b, respectively. How can Alice and Bob compute the function ...
46 views

### Perfect secrecy of a crypto system

Suppose we have the following crypto system: $P = C = K = \{0, 1, . . . , n − 1\}$, $E_k(x) = (x + k) \bmod n$ and $D_k(y) = (y − k) \bmod n$. Prove that the crytosystem has perfect secrecy. Perfect ...
122 views

### Does RSA operate over a Finite Field (Galois Field)?

Is it correct to say that RSA operates over a Finite Field (Galois Field)? In this case GF(p)? I do understant that the modulo in RSA is not itself a prime number, but all the operations ...
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### Possible hashing scheme

Plaintext(binary) : 10101100 //very short for easy understanding Suppose we have 4 predefined schemes/functions, rotate (101 -> 011) flip (1101 -> 1011) exchange (11011 -> 10111) stretch (1100 -> ...
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### How does SafeNet MobilePASS generate passwords? (TOTP Variant)

This question is similar to How does SafeNet MobilePASS generate passwords? The question and answer there is related to the HMAC Variant of SafeNet Mobilepass. I'm looking for details on the TOTP ...
266 views

### Why are primes important for encryption

Why are primes so important? Why can't we just use a random number? My guess is that it's because finding a random prime require more computing power, than finding a random number. Can anybody confirm ...
87 views

### Dancing confusion with Daniel J. Bernstein's stream ciphers

I know of Salsa20 which won the ESTREAM competition. This is dated of 25 Dec 2007. There is also the ChaCha20 stream cipher (cr.yp.to/chacha.html). This claims to increase the amount of diffusion ...
72 views

If I had two ciphertexts $$c_1 = m_1 \oplus y_1 \text{ and } c_2 = m_2 \oplus y_2$$ will it be possible to obtain z_1= (m_1 \lor m_2) \oplus y_1 \oplus y_2 \text{ and } z_2= (m_1 \land m_2) ...
149 views

### Why is authenticated CFB mode insecure?

I read that the following adaptation of the CFB block cipher mode into an authenticated mode is prone to chosen plaintext attacks, yet Im still unsure how to prove it: Let $P_1,P_2,\ldots P_n$ be the ...
47 views

### Build set with PKI from reliable broadcast / random beacon

I am trying to build a protocol (or find an existing one) for creating a set $S_2$ with PKI from a set of parties $S_1$ that initially does not know anything about the other parties. We assume ...
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### Encryption key input by a user [on hold]

I was looking for some research papers where the security scheme is using 'user input' key method (but could not find). I mean, some approaches where user will be the one who will put keys for ...
205 views

### Extending pseudorandom generator by one bit using exclusive-or of previous bits

Is it possible to have a pseudorandom generator that extends its output by 1 bit by simply appending the exclusive-or of all the previous bits? I know the output of a pseudorandom generator is ...
47 views

### How do we find the subkey out of a differential cryptanalysis?

I understand the differential cryptanalysis up to the "finding the last subkey" part. If XORing with the key doesn't change the differentials, how can testing different key affect the equations we ...
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### How to replicate GPA's Sign and Compress option on command line in Windows [migrated]

As the title says, I need to replicate GPA's "Sign and Compress" option on the command line. I'm trying to automate some encryption of files for submission to a bank and the instructions they gave me ...
62 views

### “Kernel attack” on MinRank — why do we guess $\left\lceil \frac k n \right\rceil$ vectors?

The kernel attack on MinRank is described here (page 5). My question refers to this line: Note that if $m = \left\lceil \frac k n \right\rceil$, the system essentially has only one solution ...
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### Is cm signed signature verification considered “slow”

I put slow in double quotes because I'm no expert in encryption (I heard that "cryptography in general is inherently slow"). Just trying to gauge and see how and where I can increase performance of my ...
380 views

### What is the difference between uniformly and at random in crypto definitions?

Very often in the description and analysis of a cryptographic protocol there is a need for a an element $k$ that is sampled uniformly AND at random. Is there a redundancy in the definition with ...
30 views

### request for data to test deterministic ecdsa signature algorithm for secp256k1

I’m implementing the RFC 6979 procedure to compute a message signature. I want to test my program on the secp256k1 elliptic curve. Note the “k” in secp256k1, i.e. the Koblitz curve. If you have the ...
130 views

### How to customize a standard encryption algorithm?

I want to modify and customize AES encryption algorithm and develop a variant of it. What factors should I consider so that it does not become weaker? What skill sets would be required to undertake ...
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### Malleability of homomorphic encryption

El Gamal is a malleable homomorphic encryption system, so is Rabin. Are all homomorphic encryption systems malleable? Or are there any that are not malleable? Thanks!
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### electronic voting system [migrated]

Was looking at cryptocurrency and how, as a non techy, to get involved when I began thinking about the security of it being developed to undermine the stranglehold bankers have on economy and the ...
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### Starting an essay on cryptography, 1st year college [closed]

I'm starting an essay on cryptography for my computer science class. I don't really know where to start so I wonder if there are some pre-made stuff for beginners that are explaining what cryptology ...
154 views

### What would be the best plain text Cryptography method without the use of a computer? [on hold]

What would be the best Cryptography method without the use of a computer? This could be a list of the current options available, that could be used without the use of a computer ...
25 views

### Verifiable random function basic example [on hold]

I've decided to take a closer look at verifiable random functions. The concept is clear for me, but I'm looking for an easy-to-understand example for my presentation's original definition. So, in ...
61 views

### Polynomial division hardware implementation

I am beginning the implementation of the polynomial binary division algorithm now as I understood i will be checking the MSB bit if 1 to XOR and shift the sum if 0 i will only shift. What I am not ...
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### What is a good way to program the finding the determinant of a 2x2 matrix? [migrated]

I have a good understanding of how to do the Hill cipher on paper but putting it into program form is somewhat of a problem. Finding the the determinant is the thing I'm having problem with. On ...
51 views

### RSA Protocol behind Yaksha Security System

So I'm reading over the Yaksha Security System and see it is based on the RSA cryptosystem and a centralized server, easy enough. What I'm slightly confused on is the math behind the related keys. It ...
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### Security considerations on using key derivation to create one-time keys for block ciphers

I'm planning to do some block encryption with AES and Blowfish (both with 256 Bit keys) chained. Master key generation: A 32 byte long persistent (over many years) master key is derived from a ...