# All Questions

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### How is the MD2 hash function S-table constructed from Pi?

For fun, I'm learning more about cryptography and hashing. I'm implementing the MD2 hash function following RFC 1319 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1319). I'll preface by saying I know there are ...
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### Bleichenbacher 1998 “Million message attack” on RSA

I have been reading Bleichenbacher's 1998 paper on a forged message attack on RSA. The paper assumes access to an Oracle that takes a ciphertext $c$ and will check the decrypted text for valid PKCS #1 ...
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### PAK Diffie-Hellman vs. sharing high-entropy key

In order to setup an authenticated shared secret key between two clients, I am faced with the choice between two possibilities: A: Let users set a (low-entropy) shared password and then perform some ...
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### Efficient decoding of irreducible binary Goppa codes and the role of matrix P in McEliece cryptosystem

If we assume that the support for an irreducible binary Goppa code $\gamma_1, ..., \gamma_n$ is publicly known, when is it possible to efficiently decode the code? I know it's possible if one knows ...
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### Elliptic curve cryptography related key attacks

This question is an extension of Families of public/private keys in elliptic curve cryptography As described above, bitcoin "type 2" deterministic wallets use a root private/public key pair, where ...
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### Reordering non-block-aligned parts with DES in ECB mode

I was given a ciphertext file which was encrypted using DES in ECB mode. It is known that the plainttext that was encrypted has the following form: Each line of text consists of a payroll followed ...
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### Who uses the RSA BSAFE library?

Who uses RSA's BSAFE library? Does anyone know what products use it, or have any statistics on how many end users use something that is built on BSAFE? Background: BSAFE is one of the oldest ...
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### Relation between key size and PRNG state size

Some (supposedly) cryptographically secure PRNGs have an internal state of only 160 bits or less. When the algorithm is otherwise properly designed, that seems like enough to generate a 128 bit key ...
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### estimating entropy/randomness as fail-safe mechanism

Real-world encryption systems are often not broken algorithmically but because the implementation has a bug. Sometimes the bug only happens in circumstances that could not have been foreseen, such as ...
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### Blowfish in CBC mode with multi-use keys. Is the 64-bit blocksize a fatal issue if one were to encrypt TBs of data?

Crashplan uses 448-bit Blowfish to encrypt the data you send them. The mode used is CBC, keys are multiple use, and IVs are generated with SecureRandom from JCE. Keys are not derived from the ...
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### LT codes with Homomorphic hashing

I have been working on a project implementing LT codes with Homomorphic hashing (inspired from http://blog.notdot.net/2012/08/Damn-Cool-Algorithms-Homomorphic-Hashing and ...
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### Hi Sec National algorithm

I'm trying to create a remote controller compatible with HiSec algorithm. It's so old that National (now Texas Instruments) discontinued NM95HS01/02 and docs are unavailable. Does anyone have the ...
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### What is wrong with AES-CTR-HMAC-SHA256 - or why is it not in TLS?

It seems the only specified CTR mode ciphers in TLS are all GCM based. GCM ciphers run AES-CTR and do authenticated encryption with a MAC based on Galois-field ...
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### Is there a “brainwallet” for GPG keys?

Brainwallet is a program that takes a passphrase (hopefully a good one) and deterministically creates a Bitcoin wallet. This wallet can be used for transactions, then deleted from the computer. To get ...
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### Logics for Cryptographic Information Games

Preamble: There is currently a zoo of various logics for evaluating (proving) security in cryptographic protocols. The idea is that, by expressing these protocols using some logic, you can create a ...
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### FHE - Brakerski's “Scale Invariant” Scheme

I thought the current state of the art wrt. FHE was Brakerski, Gentry and Vaikuntanathan's scheme (BGV) based on standard/ring LWE employing modulus switching for noise management. I recently came ...
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### Should new applications still use RSA? Is it worth going down the ECDH route for protocols?

I am currently designing an application for communication between two and more users. At the moment I am trying to figure out what methods to use for the asymmetric cryptology. With the recent ...
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### How secure is this use of Ziv-Lempel encoding?

I'm reading this patent application for an order-preserving tokenization scheme. Near the bottom they describe their token generation algorithm, which basically involves using the first few characters ...
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### Reasons for SM2 Digital Signature Algorithm

In the IETF RFC draft named "SM2 Digital Signature Algorithm" a signature algorithm is specified. The RFC does however not mention why this signature algorithm has been defined. Nor does it specify ...
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### Single-purpose symmetric encryption scheme for single files

I'm writing a simple password manager program that will encrypt/decrypt a single file (it's size will most likely stay under a few K). This is my initial file format design: ...
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### State of the art in zero knowledge proof compilers?

What is the current state of the art zero knowledge proof compiler ? I need one that can minimally handle double exponentiation by a known value E.g. $$Pok\{(\alpha):h=g^{\alpha^b}\}$$ where b, ...
81 views

### Unique GCM/CCM initial counters without recipient side message counters

I am implementing the encryption layer for a communication protocol. The bulk encryption method used is either AES-CCM or AES-GCM. Due to implementation details, encryption of packets is usually, but ...
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### Encrypting or HMACing password digests

Assuming I'm using bcrypt to digest passwords, is any additional security gained by either encrypting or HMACing the resulting digests? By requiring a key to compare password hashes, I would expect ...
129 views

### Ring Signature - paper/code difference in trying to solve inverse trap door function?

there is a paper on ring signatures and a python implementation of it here. The Step 4 in the paper describes $y_s = v =C_k,_v(y_1, y_2, ... y_r)$ for all $1 \leq i \leq r$ where $i \neq s$. The ...
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### Are there any systems like SDSI / SPKI that are currently being developed?

SPKI / SDSI look interesting but appear to have fizzled out and died. Are there any modern competitors?
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### In S/MIME, are the same certificates always used to sign and encrypt messages?

My assumption is that S/MIME almost always utilizes certificates as follows: My certificate can be used to allow people to encrypt messages and send them to me. My certificate (the same ...
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### Safe generator for ElGamal signature

What are the properties a generator $g$ should have to be secure for ElGamal signatures (original scheme)? I am aware that it is poorly chosen and not secure when $g|p-1$ or $g^{-1}|p-1$, where $p$ ...
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### RSA reencryption scheme

Is there such an algorithm that would allow to upgrade the encryption of a RSA-encrypted message without revealing the plaintext to the untrusted user? Basically, such an algorithm would probably be ...
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### What are the necessary things to consider when defining a game?

We generally use thought experiments or games to think about the security of any crypto scheme like encryption (indistinguishability games), or MACs (forging games). I am trying to come up with such a ...
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### What would make it impossible to deny that decryption of a package has taken place?

I'm part of a team designing a system where a user have to be able to read a certain package, if he has preformed an action or series of actions that makes it legal for him to do so. The tricky part ...
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### Flaw in the security definition of Stateful Length-Hiding Authenticated Encryption (sLHAE)?

In the paper On the Security of the TLS Protocol: A Systematic Analysis, the authors define the notion of a stateful length-hiding authenticated encryption scheme (sLHAE). For the purpose of this ...
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### how to truncate a PRF on n bits to PRF on t bits where t < n?

Dan Boneh's courersa lecture on format preserving encryption at 5.50 mins , talks about truncating a PRF on n bits to PRF on t bits. The approach is by appending (n-t) zeros to input t bits then ...
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### What does this Authentication protocol achieve and what information is shared?

I am trying to learn everything I need to know for a Unit on 'Reliable and Secure Systems', but I'm struggling with the basics now. The question that I'm having trouble with is: "What is the ...
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### Why does the new encryption scheme proposed by authors stop an adversary from guessing the subspace of the secret key?

In this paper, the authors construct an encryption scheme that is supposed to be resilient to tampering and leaking (as opposed to just leaking). Specifically this scheme: If you look at the ...
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### Any functioning system for interactive proof?

My problem is to outsource an array of data and ask the prover to sort the data. I am wonder if there is any working system out there that support interactive proof for the above computation? Or if ...
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### What role plays Quantum Fourier Transformation in Shor's integer factorization algorithm?

I cannot seem to understand the role or goal of Quantum Fourier Transformation in Shor's integer factorization algorithm. Is it used to collapse all quantum states into one, in which it has a factor ...
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### Infinite depth BLAKE2b tree hashing

In the BLAKE2 paper, the authors define Maximal depth (1 byte): an integer in [1, 255] (set to 255 if unlimited, and to 1 only in sequential mode) Node depth (1 byte): an integer in [0, 255] ...
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### AES file encryption with PBKDF2. Safe parameters?

I'm developing an application that will use public key authentication to contact some webservice. So the user has his keypair on his computer, and I want that file to be encrypted using AES with a key ...
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### Question about modifying the MD5 plain text to cause a collision

I was trying to understand MD5 and got stuck with this question, its from Michael sipser's book on Information security Principles and Practice, 2nd edition The MD5 collision in Problem 25 is said ...
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### Does BouncyCastle (for ECC) resist timing attacks?

I need to extend the TLS protocol to be able to use other key exchange scheme based on elliptic curves. I am planning to use BouncyCastle's implementation in Java and in .NET. I am worring about ...
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### Detail about reactive simulatability framework

I'm trying to understand the framework of reactive simulatability using *"PfWa2_00AsyncModel"* from this publication which is a tech report behind the paper A model for Asynchronous Reactive Systems ...
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### Precise meaning of various terms related to universal hash functions

I've been reading about universal hashing, but I'm confused by all these different terms and notations. Could someone help me understand the precise meaning or relation between the following terms: ...
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### Integer factorization based password authentication

After looking at this security issue at DjangoProject, I started to think in a password-based authentication that places the burden of PBKDF2 (or whatever is the hashing function) on the client. So I ...
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### How can someone predict the bits of a not-so-PRNG like Dual_EC_DRGB?

Given the recent revelations of the NSA engineering a backdoor into the Dual_EC_DRBG algorithm - I'm curious, exactly how, given the number of variables involved in generating the random bits could ...
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### Can anyone explain most popular RSA attacks like I'm 5?

Suppose I implement RSA myself in C and I use just the formulas from number theory. What attacks would my implementation be vulnerable to? Can anyone explain this to me like I'm 5?
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### partial-domain permutation and strong assumption

Quoting "Verified Security of Redundancy-Free Encryption from Rabin and RSA", Chapter 2 (on page 4): OAEP was proved IND-CCA-secure by Fujisaki et al. [28] under the assumption that the underlying ...