All Questions

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Polynomial Inversion over Galois Field

Hello guys I am looking to calculate the Inverse of a given polynomial in Galois field I have found the little Fermat's algorithm and the Itoh-Tsujii I am getting a bit confused with both algorithm ...
91 views

Generating an RSA public key certificate (.pem) from only a modulus

Let's say I do this: ...
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Timestamp assignment and meaning

I have an entity A sending a message to another, B. An encrypted message is signed with a timestamp TB, and then the whole thing is signed again with a new key and new timestamp TA. What i'm ...
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Find LFSR with Berlekamp-Massey algorithm?

in the paper "A Compact Rijndael Hardware Architecture with S-Box Optimization" (http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F3-540-45682-1_15) at page 6 figure 3, i think they constructed a LFSR for ...
63 views

Find generator for irreducible polynomial over binary field

I read this tutorial and I have following question. How they assume that generator: g = (0010) is correct for this polynomial and how to choose the best generator from all for the field.
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how can I change representation of point to Jacobian coordinates in Edward's Curve

I want to simulate this algorithm but I want to change it's output to Jacobian coordinates. what should I do ? In the other way how can we change extended homogeneous coordinates to Jacobian ...
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Implementing a pseudo random function in practice

Can anyone point me to a C++ crypto library with an implementation of a pseudo random function (PRF)? I don't have much background in crypto theory, but I am in the middle of a graduate course ...
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Generation of strong primes

It seems that this is pretty difficult to find large (above 1024 bits) strong primes, or at least such primes p where (p-1) has a very large prime factor. Is there any information regarding the ...
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transforming RC2 keys to have effective minimum length in implementations with fixed effective lengths

mcrypt's implementation of RC2 has a fixed effective length of 1024 bits, however, it is possible to simulate keys with effective lengths between 1-1024 by doing something like this: ...
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Mistakes in Jarecki-Liu use of Camenish-Shoup encryption?

I am implementing a protocol that uses Jarecki-Liu OPRF, which itself uses a simplification of Camenish-Shoup Encryption. Description of the way they do Camenish-Shoup is in section 2.3 of ...
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RSA OAEP: prevention of partial decryption of ciphertexts

I'm trying to understand RSA encryption (as a beginner in cryptography). go on this wiki page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_asymmetric_encryption_padding scroll down to the 2 numbered points: ...
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Diceware word list for six dice

I really like Diceware, but it now needs six words to be safe. Instead of adding a word, I would think that increasing the size of the wordlist and adding an extra dice would be a better idea. I have ...
149 views

Cracking RSA with Small exponent 5

I have read following questions - Cracking an RSA with no padding and very small e Small Encryption Exponent where in first it says to run out all the possible m options and second says factor ...
51 views

Efficient proof of knowledge using Wegman-Carter hash

A verifier wants to ensure, with only little exchange of data with other systems, that a large block of data $M$ that the verifier holds is also available to some other system(s). It is not an ...
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Mifare Classic and crypto1 algorithm

Mifare's Crypto1 algorithm uses a 48-bit LFSR. What does the 48-bit LFSR do exactly ?
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A rudimentary challenge–response authentication based on dot products in $\mathrm{GF}(2)^k$

We are building a rudimentary challenge–response authentication protocol based on dot products in $\mathrm{GF}(2)^k$. Assume a user has a password $\mathbf{p} \in \mathrm{GF}(2)^k$. When logging in, ...
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Change of axis positions in Vigenere Square

Is there any history of codes in which there have been changes in the normal axis positions of the Vigenere Square? Have been working on a code which has two non-normal positions -- one with the ...
64 views

java.util.Random and Dice Rolls

For this question, a dice roll will be considered two 6 six sided dice, to give a possible output of 2-12. Given a java.util.Random instance r, the output of one roll would be: ...
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Designing hash function in space-efficient identity based encryption

Let $n$ be an RSA-prime and we know prime factorization of $n(=pq)$. The hash function is the current context maps from a given user identity(id) to a positive integer less than $n$, whose jacobi ...
126 views

Cryptographic Operations and Security

sign((M’, TAlice, sign(( encrypt(( encrypt(M, KpbBob), M’), K), TBob), KsBob)), KsAlice) Can you tell me six security-related facts ...
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Is there an “additive” proof-of-work?

I'm trying to find a proof-of-work algorithm with the following properties: If A(1) is a proof of work with Difficulty(A(1))=n (requires n basic operations on average), then one can find a proof of ...
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if using cbc+hmac dealing with small size of data(less than 128bit) , will it cause any problem?

if use AES-cbc,HMAC-SHA256, and there is some txt needed to be enc, and I divide this txt into small packages with variable length, then enc them. some of these package can be less than 128bit. Is ...
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Elliptic curve trapdoor function without modular arithmetic?

From what I understand, an elliptic contains a set points satisfying the equation $y^2=x^3 + ax + b$ together with the point at infity. It seems clear how multiplication with a scalar and a point ...
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How many characters per block in an El Gamal ECC cryptosystem?

While I look for how many characters that can be encrypted using the The elliptic curve ElGamal cryptosystem. of each block found for these lines. But I can not understand Actually in our case we ...
47 views

CP-ABE: structure of the secret key SK

I am working on Ciphertext-Policy Attribute based Encryption (CP-ABE) and I need to understand how a secret key looks like. For example, assume that the universe of attributes is defined to be ...
81 views

proving the security of 1 out of 2 oblivious transfer using AND function

Hello ladies & gentlemen, I need to improve the security of 1-out of 2 oblivious transfer using AND function method with a given info. use one-out-of-two oblivious transfer as building block, ...
63 views

Key generation in Digital Signature Algorithm

In DSA, one needs to generate two primes $p$ and $q$ such that $q$ is $256$-bit and $p$ is $3072$-bit and $p-1$ is a multiple of $q$. Question: How to generate such $p$ and $q$. Attempt: First, use ...
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Importance of ShiftRows in AES

If ShiftRows is excluded from AES, then an attacker can attack the modified AES by simply treating $128$-bit input as $4$ $32$-bits blocks. The attacker can attack these $4$ blocks separately. ...
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Secure symmetric encryption algorithm for any-size base62 data

I am searching for a secure algorithm to encrypt base62 (or any other base) data for ids in urls. It should feature: No blocksize etc, limiting the length of the message to a factor of n If you ...
176 views

Decrypting A Cipher Text without knowing the key or plaintext

i'm new to cryptography and i am doing a research based on cryptanalysis of vigenere cipher. If i have a ciphertext which is encrypted using vigenere cipher, is it possible for me to decrypt the ...
64 views

How does chosen ciphertext attack on Elgamal work?

Can it be proven that attacker can obtain the full message if he knows some plain-ciphertext pairs?
79 views

Complexity to find an preimage of a hash function

Suppose a hash function based on Merkle-Damguard construction. Its compression function is given as $H_i=E_{m_i}(H_{i-1})$, where $E_{m_i}()$ denotes the encryption of an ideal block cipher with ...
86 views

CCA security of a system that splits messages and encrypts each packet

Propose a symmetric key based crypto-system for implementing a secure email system. This system is based on AES and CCA secure. Suppose that you have to encrypt a large message and that this message ...
70 views

The Inhomogeneous Short Integer Solution (ISIS) problem with a clue

The Inhomogeneous Short Integer Solution (ISIS) problem is as follows: given an integer $q$, a matrix $A \in \mathbb Z^{n\times m}_q$, a vector $b\in \mathbb Z^n_q$, and a real $\beta$, find an ...
21 views

Hokkaido (proof-of-Work system) and pseudo-random permutation table

This question is regarding a proof-of-work system suggested in this article "Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2005/356". The outset goal of the Hokkaido algorithm is to provide a task to somebody's ...
45 views

Permutation parity after cycle-walking

Let $E$ be a random even permutation of the set $\{0\dots n-1\}$. We construct a permutation $P$ of the set $\{0\dots m-1\}$, for some $m\le n$, using cycle-walking; that is, computing $P(x)$ is as ...
26 views

openssl - Recommended way to encrypt and sign S/MIME messages using openssl

OpenSSL has two command line tools, cms and smime, that can encrypt and sign S/MIME messages. Both can specify ciphers and ...
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Do OpenPGP SmartCards have the same or better security than an air-gapped machine?

Are OpenPGP SmartCards, such as the OpenPGP SmartCard V2, suitable enough to have secure communications? Meaning, if I connect my smart card to my Mac which is connected to the internet and always ...
19 views

The number of surviving key after “Meet in the middle stage” in 3-subset MITM attack

In 3-subset Meet in the middle attack, how can we calculate the number of surviving key after meet in the middle stage? and how can we calculate the complexity of Key testing stage? I have read about ...
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recommendation to see documentaries about history of cryptography

Can anybody recommend any good documentaries which go into some history about cryptography and state of cryptography as of date ? I am not asking for favorites or subjective good documentaries but ...
83 views

Franklin-Reiter related message attack m2 = a(m1)+b

As shown in their paper, https://www.cs.unc.edu/~reiter/papers/1996/Eurocrypt.pdf, if one is given an equation relating the two messages m1 and m2 as well as other information one can crack both the ...
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Is it possible to add OpenSSL engine for a block algorithm with different input and output block size?

I need to add a new symmetric cryptography algorithm to OpenSSL, and I thought that the best way to do it is via its engine API. This algorithm will later be used by an application via the OpenSSL ...
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Multi-round Transposition/Playfair as a secure hand cipher in the computer age

Given that computers can be easily compromised, there is a need for a hand cipher that can withstand computer attack. Clearly the traditional hand ciphers fail. One time pads work. They also have ...
31 views

How good is middle cube method with jumbled digits?

I had to make my own prng for a stream cipher for an inter school science project (I am mentioning that a lot). So I thought of cubing the seed instead of squaring it (like in the middle square ...