# All Questions

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### if using cbc+hmac dealing with small size of data(less than 128bit) , will it cause any problem?

if use AES-cbc,HMAC-SHA256, and there is some txt needed to be enc, and I divide this txt into small packages with variable length, then enc them. some of these package can be less than 128bit. Is ...
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### Elliptic curve trapdoor function without modular arithmetic?

From what I understand, an elliptic contains a set points satisfying the equation $y^2=x^3 + ax + b$ together with the point at infity. It seems clear how multiplication with a scalar and a point ...
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### How many characters per block in an El Gamal ECC cryptosystem?

While I look for how many characters that can be encrypted using the The elliptic curve ElGamal cryptosystem. of each block found for these lines. But I can not understand Actually in our case we ...
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### CP-ABE: structure of the secret key SK

I am working on Ciphertext-Policy Attribute based Encryption (CP-ABE) and I need to understand how a secret key looks like. For example, assume that the universe of attributes is defined to be ...
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### proving the security of 1 out of 2 oblivious transfer using AND function

Hello ladies & gentlemen, I need to improve the security of 1-out of 2 oblivious transfer using AND function method with a given info. use one-out-of-two oblivious transfer as building block, ...
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### Key generation in Digital Signature Algorithm

In DSA, one needs to generate two primes $p$ and $q$ such that $q$ is $256$-bit and $p$ is $3072$-bit and $p-1$ is a multiple of $q$. Question: How to generate such $p$ and $q$. Attempt: First, use ...
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### Importance of ShiftRows in AES

If ShiftRows is excluded from AES, then an attacker can attack the modified AES by simply treating $128$-bit input as $4$ $32$-bits blocks. The attacker can attack these $4$ blocks separately. ...
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### Secure symmetric encryption algorithm for any-size base62 data

I am searching for a secure algorithm to encrypt base62 (or any other base) data for ids in urls. It should feature: No blocksize etc, limiting the length of the message to a factor of n If you ...
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### Decrypting A Cipher Text without knowing the key or plaintext

i'm new to cryptography and i am doing a research based on cryptanalysis of vigenere cipher. If i have a ciphertext which is encrypted using vigenere cipher, is it possible for me to decrypt the ...
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### How does chosen ciphertext attack on Elgamal work?

Can it be proven that attacker can obtain the full message if he knows some plain-ciphertext pairs?
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### Complexity to find an preimage of a hash function

Suppose a hash function based on Merkle-Damguard construction. Its compression function is given as $H_i=E_{m_i}(H_{i-1})$, where $E_{m_i}()$ denotes the encryption of an ideal block cipher with ...
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### CCA security of a system that splits messages and encrypts each packet

Propose a symmetric key based crypto-system for implementing a secure email system. This system is based on AES and CCA secure. Suppose that you have to encrypt a large message and that this message ...
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### The Inhomogeneous Short Integer Solution (ISIS) problem with a clue

The Inhomogeneous Short Integer Solution (ISIS) problem is as follows: given an integer $q$, a matrix $A \in \mathbb Z^{n\times m}_q$, a vector $b\in \mathbb Z^n_q$, and a real $\beta$, find an ...
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### Hokkaido (proof-of-Work system) and pseudo-random permutation table

This question is regarding a proof-of-work system suggested in this article "Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2005/356". The outset goal of the Hokkaido algorithm is to provide a task to somebody's ...
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### Permutation parity after cycle-walking

Let $E$ be a random even permutation of the set $\{0\dots n-1\}$. We construct a permutation $P$ of the set $\{0\dots m-1\}$, for some $m\le n$, using cycle-walking; that is, computing $P(x)$ is as ...
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### openssl - Recommended way to encrypt and sign S/MIME messages using openssl

OpenSSL has two command line tools, cms and smime, that can encrypt and sign S/MIME messages. Both can specify ciphers and ...
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### Generating a public key certificate with ECDSA params

I have an ECDSA key generated in a HSM and I am able to retrieve it's public key components via the PKCS11 library. I would like to create a public x509 certificate with the public params for the ...
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### Bit level permutation

Could anyone explain how secure is bit level permutation? What is the most serious threat against the security of this kind of cipher? Thank you
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### how to find key matrix in hill cipher

I want to solve this problem but there are 3 known plaintext-ciphertext pairs. The key of Hill cipher is a 3*3 matrix as k=[k1,k2,3; k4,k5,k6; k7,k8,k9] where the unknown ...