All Questions

233 views

Questions on rank-attacks in Multivariate Cryptography

While reading this article on rank attacks on STS (a public-key scheme based on Multivariate Quadratic (MQ) equations), I stumbled upon some claims that I've also seen in other presentations on ...
269 views

Flaw in the security definition of *Stateful* Authenticated Encryption?

I'm in search of the correct definition of a stateful authenticated encryption scheme (sAE), and its related security notion. This has been treated several times in the academic literature, however, ...
163 views

Is the salt used with PBKDF2 secret?

I have two network endpoints that need to use the same derived key. Can the server send the salt to the client 'in the clear'?
312 views

Secure double encryption using CPA and CCA

Do you mind if you give me any hints, links or ideas about how to improve the security of double regular encryption and decryption, by using CPA game and CCA game, it sounds interesting question, and ...
109 views

Initialize the eight working variables SHA256

I have a little confusion in understanding explanation of SHA256 by FIPS a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h are being initialized as (this is what i don't understand) 2 . ...
2k views

Lamport signature: How many signatures are needed to forge a signature?

Lamport signature: Signing the message Note that now Alice's private key is used and should never be used again. The other 256 random numbers that she did not use for the signature she must never ...
533 views

Generating an RSA public key certificate (.pem) from only a modulus

Let's say I do this: ...
99 views

Arithmetic modulo 1

In the context of lattice-based cryptography, in particular the Learning With Errors (LWE) problem, I see some definitions given in terms of equations modulo 1 (see for example, Appendix A of this ...
152 views

Retrieve timestamp from TOTP value

TOTP (Time-based One-Time Password) as I understand is an algorithm that uses the current time as a variable along with a shared key to generate a secured token. Wiki page for reference: ...
90 views

Using machine-learning techniques for data-dependent operations in ciphers

From 'Methods of Symmetric Cryptanalysis' by Dmitry Khovratovich, The data-dependent operations are one of the most controversial design concepts. We say that an operation is data-dependent, if it ...
149 views

Why is proving “parties' views are simulatable” enough in semi-honest model?

To prove a protocol is secure in semi-honest model, we have to prove: the view of each party, on each possible pair of inputs, can be efficiently simulated based solely on its own input and and ...
105 views

Oblivious transfer variation question

Now I am doing a variation of the oblivious transfer, I have to use 2 people, pebbles, and boxes. I need to find out if who has a larger number between Alice and Bob (variation of Yao's Millionaires' ...
257 views

Crypto libary with Commutative Encryption

I want to implement Mental Poker in JavaScript as a toy program and lead in to a larger serious project so I did my research and found Massey-Omura cryptosystem and the Shamir three-pass protocol ...
702 views

how to calculate non linearity of AES S-box?

S-box has to satisfy different design criteria. How to calculate non-linearity , propagation criteria for an AES S-box?
169 views

practical use of homomorphic encryption

Are RSA and Elgamal partially homomorphic techniques? which one is better if one want to use it for practical purpose? and is there some FHE technique which can be used practically?
81 views

Complexity of preimage resistance

Why is the complexity of pre-image resistance $2$ raised to the power of $n$? I have been looking in everything lecture about pre-image resistance, but I still didn't know the answer.
146 views

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I don't care about replay attacks. What should I do with the nonce in nacl?

My system forwards encrypted and/or signed messages on a gossip network. Replay is part of the design. What should I do with the nonce? I'm tempted to just set it to the same number always. Is this a ...
179 views

Can a secret message be securely transmitted within a MAC tag?

A sender wants to transmit an ultra secret code $M$ which could be either 'go', 'stop' or 'wait'. This could be any selection of code words really and adopted for any use such as transmitting short ...
442 views

Collision in Merkle–Damgård without a collision in compression function

Is it possible to find a collision in Merkle–Damgård just by omitting the extra one bit that is appended to each input without having a collision in compression function?
206 views

Reversing a Psuedo Crytographic Hash [closed]

I'm trying to get a better understanding of cryptographic hashing. Take the example transformation function below, is it possible to reverse this formula to solve/isolate for message[i]? ...
121 views

How to figure out the size of the output of a cryptographic checksum function

There is such a putting in Bishop's Introduction to computer security, page 118 as following: Definition 8–2. A cryptographic checksum function (also called a strong hash function or a strong ...
140 views

Rounds in cryptography

I need to make it clear I know nothing about crypto so in that context I'm hoping to clear up some confusion: As I understand it a "round" in a cipher is one encryption operation and a cipher like ...
2k views

SHA1 - SSL/TLS Cipher Suite

SHA-1 is on the way to deprecation, in particular for digital certification (x509). But I can't find ressources about SHA-1 deprecation from SSL/TLS Cipher Suites. Is it implicit, as deprecation ...
47 views

Repeating something encrypted and non-encrypted?

If one wants to keep the receiver's name non encrypted, but it also appears in the encrypted message - will it leak information? (other than the receiver's name, of course.) Let's assume a "bad" case ...
104 views

Why is g is less than p in Diffie-Hellman?

In non-authenticated DH, p and g are made as public record. p needs to be a large prime number and g should be smaller than p. Why does g need to be smaller than p?
412 views

suitable programming language for cryptography algorithms [closed]

I know as programming languages C and java , and I know that java is slow so for this reason it is not suitable for cryptography applications espacially low level programming (manipulating bits) , so ...
86 views

RSA Cryptosytsem, choosing $e$ [duplicate]

I am using the RSA crytposytem. I have $p$, $q$ and hence $n$ and $\phi$ however I don't understand how to get $e$ such that $gcd(e,\phi)=1$ Many thanks
85 views

Corporate PKI - SHA1 deprecation [closed]

Here is the context. Suppose you have a corporate PKI with : AC_Root (offline in safe store - SHA1 signature) SubRootA ans SubrootB (offline in safe store - SHA1 signature) SubSubRootC, ...
174 views

Implementing a pseudo random function in practice

Can anyone point me to a C++ crypto library with an implementation of a pseudo random function (PRF)? I don't have much background in crypto theory, but I am in the middle of a graduate course ...
190 views

Requirement for the length of a HMAC tag?

I've seen NIST requirements about key length. What about the output lengths ? Is 112 bits enough for the HMAC output length ? Can we truncate the tag to keep only 112 bits ? Thank you
169 views

Generation of strong primes

It seems that this is pretty difficult to find large (above 1024 bits) strong primes, or at least such primes p where (p-1) has a very large prime factor. Is there any information regarding the ...
272 views

Schnorr Identification protocol sometimes wrong?

I'm implementing the Schnorr Identification protocol as part of a larger protocol. In a large percentage of cases, around 20%, my test fails. I don't think it's a code problem, although possible, but ...
52 views

transforming RC2 keys to have effective minimum length in implementations with fixed effective lengths

mcrypt's implementation of RC2 has a fixed effective length of 1024 bits, however, it is possible to simulate keys with effective lengths between 1-1024 by doing something like this: ...
126 views

block cipher algorithms with variable block lengths

Rijndael supports block lengths of 128, 192 and 256. AES does not but Rijndael does. What other algorithms support variable block lengths? Or is Rijndael unique in that regard?
95 views

Does SHA-1 hash have quasi commutative property? [closed]

Although I have tested with a program and found negative answer, I want to be sure.
4k views

Where can I begin to study the math behind modern cryptography?

Why do I start the word buffers in MD5 with those values specifically? What in the world motivated the decision to use the numbers 1, 1, 2, 3 for the mix columns stagein AES? And what kind of ...
3k views

Why there are limitations on using encryption with keys beyond certain length?

I am writing a java program to encrypt a message using 256-bit AES encryption, but I am getting illegal key size error, I have read that I have to use some JCE ...
212 views

Encryption algorithm designed to be easy to decrypt by machine but impractical to decrypt by hand

I am looking for - or considering the design of a new - encryption algorithm that does not use variable keys, such that it is easy for a computer to encrypt and decrypt any message regardless of its ...
148 views

Bilinear pairing

I am working on Efficient Construction of Pairings which are being realized by Miller's algorithm. In this algorithm the basic steps are point doubling and line function computation point addition ...
125 views

Is there an alternative AES schedule?

I'm currently reversing an AES implementation for disk encryption. The odd thing I'm stumbled about is a key schedule where the encryption round keys are not the same as the decryption round keys (in ...
82 views

Issue about randomness : what if random looks “human” ? [closed]

I read a lot of stuffs about entropy/randomness. But what if a random generator (either digits or strings) once output a "human" patern ? I know it is very unlikely to happen, but if a random code ...
72 views

How to establish if a string contains a message

If you have a string S, then the string can be composed of four things: cleartext 'random' data encrypted data compressed or otherwise non-encrypted, but modified, cleartext If you want to see if ...
81 views

Meaning of Multiplicative Group to the power n i.e. Z^n [closed]

What does $Z_q^n$ mean in this notation?      References: on the 2nd paragraph of page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_with_errors
85 views

Minimum number of independent trials needed to detect a bias [closed]

Suppose, I suspect that the probability of occurrence of a particular bit as $0$ is $.558$. Since, it is not $.5$, so this is possibly a bias. Now, my question is: What is the minimum number of ...
167 views

Where to store the file extension to retrieve it correctly after decryption

I am using Java to write AES-256 to encrypt various files with different extension, the problem is, where am I suppose to store the file extension so the if the data is decrypted, the file extension ...
If p and q are two 1024-bit prime numbers, would the maximum length in bits of product $n=pq$ be ${1024}^2$ or $2^{1024}$? I think it is ${1048576}={1024}^2$? Also, would the least significant bit ...