# All Questions

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### Malleability of homomorphic encryption

El Gamal is a malleable homomorphic encryption system, so is Rabin. Are all homomorphic encryption systems malleable? Or are there any that are not malleable? Thanks!
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### What would be the best plain text Cryptography method without the use of a computer? [closed]

What would be the best Cryptography method without the use of a computer? This could be a list of the current options available, that could be used without the use of a computer ...
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### Polynomial division hardware implementation

I am beginning the implementation of the polynomial binary division algorithm now as I understood i will be checking the MSB bit if 1 to XOR and shift the sum if 0 i will only shift. What I am not ...
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### RSA Protocol behind Yaksha Security System

So I'm reading over the Yaksha Security System and see it is based on the RSA cryptosystem and a centralized server, easy enough. What I'm slightly confused on is the math behind the related keys. It ...
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### Linear Code - Hamming - Finding nearest vector

I am studying for my finals and I have a review problem I can't solve. For purpose of doing this problem by myself, I'll leave out certain details. So this is concerning Hamming distance I suppose. ...
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### rotational cryptanalysis on modulo multiplication?

I saw the paper 'Rotational Cryptanalysis of ARX', it is effective against design primitives using XOR, addition, and rotation. http://www.iacr.org/archive/fse2010/61470339/61470339.pdf However ...
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### Probability of factoring keys as a function of bit length

kinda new here, I had a question pertaining to someone being able to factor one's RSA keys through the GCD. Anyways the question goes that there are two people: A and B. A makes his/her private key as ...
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### Difference between Symmetric and Asymmetric. Is this answer correct, based on a written test?

I asked the following question on a final exam: Symmetric Ciphers (e.g. AES, DES, Blowfish) use up to 256 bit on the best case, which are considered strong against brute-force attacks. On ...
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### Proving the semantic security of the One Time pad

Currently hearing a lecture on cryptography, and the professor gave us the definition of semantic security, which is roughly the following (formally not quite complete, but you get the idea): ...
159 views

### Statistical properties of hash functions when calculating modulo

When using SHA-1 to hash an input, the result is a pseudo-random number in the numeric ID space $\{0\dots2^{160}-1\}$. Do I loose any statistical property in the result if I use modulo to restrict the ...
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### what is the benefit of lcm in cryptography? [closed]

what is the benefit of lcm in cryptography? and what is the effect of lcm on public key? note * lcm = Least common multiple thanks
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### processing time for multiplication and exponentiation in pairing base cryptography

I'm using the Boneh-Boyen-Shacham signature scheme and want to estimate complexity in my scheme. As reported in "Scott M., Efficient Implementation of Cryptographic pairings", if we set parameters ...
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### CAST-256 (CAST6) versions or S-Boxes

Are there different versions of CAST-256 - also known as CAST6 - available? Are there different S-Boxes available for CAST-256? If there are different versions or S-Boxes what identifier should I use ...
132 views

### Voting system validation

I'm developing an application to run elections. A voting system. I would like to give the ability to the voters to check later if their vote were correct computed/casted. assumptions: each user has ...
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### Are there any proofs of the SHA1 compression function's (second-)preimage resistance?

Why is SHA1 preimage-resistant? The best reference that I can find is Rogaway & Shrimpton's 2009 paper, and I'll use their definitions. The kind of preimage resistance that is wanted is aPre. ...
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### Explanation of the Fiat-Shamir heuristic

The Wikipedia page on the topic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat%E2%80%93Shamir_heuristic) is completely useless as it only explains what it is and not how it works. I looked at the original paper ...
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### Fermats Little Theorem, primitive root [closed]

So I am studying for finals and I am not able to solve the problem: Let $p = 3 * 2^{11484018}- 1$ be a prime with 3457035 digits. Find a positive integer $x$ so that $2^x\equiv 3\pmod p$ Any ...
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### Does it necessary the public key is prime number in RSA algorithm?

I read some books talk about RSA cryptography but I did not understand something when choosing a public key $e$ Sometimes the condition is $1<e<$$\phi(n)$ Where $\phi(n) = p-1 * q-1$ also ...
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### Is a strong block cipher usable as a strong sponge function?

From the literature, it looks like the security proofs of sponge functions depend on how well they approximate a random permutation, Since a block cipher also ideally behaves like a random permutation ...
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### CBC-R when IV unknown

I've read the CBC-R description from Rizzo & Duong but am having trouble understanding the sequence of steps that would be taken when the IV is unknown and is not included with the ciphertext. ...
148 views

### Looking For Additively Homomorphic Encryption

I have a construction that requires as primitive an Additively Homomorphic Encryption scheme that does not rely on hidden group order, meaning I can't use Paillier. I now have two different ...
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### Use of the master key in Delerablée's Identity-based Broadcast Encryption

I'm reading “Identity-Based Broadcast Encryption with Constant Size Ciphertexts and Private Keys” by Cécile Delerablée. On page 207, the encryption process needs $\gamma$ which is part of the master ...
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### Polynomial Inversion over Galois Field

Hello guys I am looking to calculate the Inverse of a given polynomial in Galois field I have found the little Fermat's algorithm and the Itoh-Tsujii I am getting a bit confused with both algorithm ...
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### Timelock puzzle improvment

I came across this question with this answer about a cryptographic timelock-puzzle that needs approximately 30 years to be solved. There is also an explanation with source code for that puzzle ...
It is written in the HMAC paper that the $ipad=0x36$ and $opad=0x5c$ were chosen such that it maximize the Hamming-Distance of the part of the key used in the inner and outer part of the HMAC process. ...