# All Questions

107 views

### Establishing encryption key using shared secret

I need to establish some security on a network of 8 bit microcontrollers. very limited RAM, CPU and packet sizes. I have zeroed in on a shared secret based scheme. Setting up shared secret is out of ...
33 views

### El-Gamal and Lines on Planes

I've been thinking about a geometric picture for El-Gamal. The idea is to understand the set $\{(my^{x},g^x) \mid x \in Z_p\}$ (the set of encryption of $m$ for fixed $g$ and $y$) by taking the ...
65 views

### Is algorithm with more than $2^{word size}$ words secure? [closed]

Let's say we have a feistel cipher or feistel pseudo-random permutation with 8-bit function (S-box) similar to Treyfer, but with much bigger block size like 16MB. Here is example of such pseudo-random ...
91 views

### Why is the public/private key length used in libsodium so much shorter than needed for RSA [duplicate]

Reading the libsodium source I see that is uses a key length of 32 bytes (256 bit) for private/public key encryption. For RSA private/public key encryption a key length of 2048 (or 4095) bit is ...
425 views

### Dan Boneh's Cryptography lecture - problem with 802.11b

I am going through Dan Boneh's Cyprography lectures on Coursera. In Lecture 6 https://class.coursera.org/crypto-010/lecture/6 At 7:30 minutes, he discusses the problems with 802.11b design. I ...
111 views

### AES and Homomorphic Encryption

Is it possible to do the following? Input would be to generate a new AES key, encrypt the private data with that key, encrypt the AES key with the FHE key, and send the FHE-encrypted AES key along ...
395 views

### Why is HMAC-SHA1 still considered secure?

This Q & A http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/33123/hotp-with-as-hmac-hashing-algoritme-a-hash-from-the-sha-2-family says that the security of HMAC-SHA1 does not depend on resistance to ...
58 views

### Why in Android kernel CSPRNG state is saved?

I am reading about the security internals of Android. In the book Android Security Internals, in chapter on Cryptographic Providers, there is a para stating: On Android, CSPRNG implementations are ...
48 views

### Type of values that can be accumulated in bilinear map (multiplicative) accumulator reg.

Is there any restriction that the members to be accumulated in bilinear map (multiplicative) accumulator need to be relatively prime to P? Where P is the order of group.
84 views

### If you have a file and XOR every bit with a random bit, can you extract any information?

Say you have a file that is not random, and you XOR every bit with a random bit (not pseudo, but really random). Can someone who sees only the result extract any information from it? Obviously, it ...
80 views

### NTRU less secure than previously thought?

A new paper (https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/552.pdf) says: This makes it possible to asymptotically and heuristically break the NTRU cryptosystem in subexponential time (without contradicting its ...
557 views

### Why does an algorithm need a keyspace?

Why does an algorithm need a keyspace? I thought the person encrypting would define his/her own key.
166 views

### Discrete Logarithm (512 bits numbers) - Find exponent parameter

I'm trying to resolve a discrete logarithm equation: $$y = g^x \bmod p$$ Every parameter is a 512-bit number. I know the values for $g$, $y$ and $p$ and I need to find the $x$ value. Finally, I know ...
91 views

### cipher text only attacks on deterministic homomorphic encryption schemes

If we consider a set of numbers say a set $s=\{a,b,c,d\}$ , where $a,b,c,d>1$ and the numbers $a, b, c, d$ do not share any relation between them , i.e. for any two numbers, $n_1,n_2\in s$ the ...
38 views

### Why is the re-encryption algorithm in Universal Re-encryption for Mixnets more complicated than apparently necessary?

This is the paper. On page 6, the paper describes a variant of El Gamal and a way of re-encrypting ciphertexts. I thought an easier way to do encryption is to output $(m(g^x)^y,g^y)$, and universal ...
73 views

### what are the most common stream ciphers algorithms? [closed]

say that we have an unknown stream cipher which output bytes and which have more than 10 years of existence. What can be the most probable algorithms if we consider the most 'populars' stream cipher ...
69 views

### On Proving That a Primitive Does Not Exist

In the paper of Hsiao and Reyzin, Section $1.4$: Note that to show that no general reduction from $P$ to $Q$ exists requires proving that $Q$ does not exist Since the statement is about trying ...
83 views

### Generating PGP key *without* random generator? (using fixed input only)

I understand why in general, a strong random generator or source of entropy is used when generating PGP keys. However, I have a use case where I want to generate PGP keys deterministically, i.e. ...
85 views

### What is the danger if a non-prime is chosen for RSA? [duplicate]

I was reading this question about generating primes for RSA keys. The answers point out that most implementations of of the algorithm use probabilistic prime-ness checking algorithms. The answer by ...
72 views

### How is wpa2 authentication structured

I would like to understand the cryptography behind Wpa2. As far as I know, there are 4 messages on the 4-way handshake and three of them are values concatenated with hashes. First, I am trying to ...
220 views

### Attack for RSA 1024 bit with Low Public Exponent

I am facing a challenge at university. Our teacher give us the challenge to try to break an RSA 1024 bit. We have public modulus N and public exponent e (0x03), we don't know the padding. We have a ...
88 views

### Implementing AES MixColumns with fewest XOR gates

I'm playing with Contiki (O.S. for constrained devices such as sensors and micro-controllers) and particularly with the AES encryption in software (the one available in Contiki source code). I'm ...
43 views

### Side channel attack on FPGA AES engine

I actually don't know if this is the right place where ask, but I try. The side channel attacks aren't a negligible problem. There are several ways to protect from these attacks its own IP inside the ...
675 views

### Which symmetric cipher is best for studying? [closed]

I would like to study a modern symmetric cipher (I have never studied a cipher before) and I was wondering which would be the best cipher for studying purposes of the following: AES (Rijndael), ...
45 views

### How to determine the exponent when using RSA

Can someone please explain to me how, when using RSA, to determine the exponent to be used in encryption and decryption? I have attempted a worked example on using RSA (shown below) but I can't ever ...
55 views

### Frequency tables for HTML page source

Are there online resources with an ASCII character frequency table for HTML? There's tons of them for english, but I can't seem to find one for page source. I know that this is something that's ...
51 views

### What is more efficient, pairing based cryptography or non pairing based cryptography? [closed]

As far as I know non pairing pairing based cryptography is less time consuming than pairing based because, pairing based uses complex operations. Are there any advantages of pairing based cryptography ...
24 views

### SSH rekey security implications

When an SSH session is rekeyed due to either the time limit or data limit for rekeying having passed, does the Diffie-Hellman exchange take place within the encrypted channel provided by the existing ...
28 views

### Determine safety of exercise hash functions

There have been several attacks against hash functions such as $h_{sha1}$ and $h_{md5}$. Professor A suggests a new function $h_{666}$ with an output length of 666 bits. Professor B suggests ...
47 views

### Determine if encryption is safe against CPA

The following encryption scheme encrypts each block of length $n$ of the plaintext separately: $c_i = k_1 \oplus F(k_2 \oplus p_i)$ Where $F$ is a strong pseudo-random permutation (i.e. it is easy ...
126 views

### How broken is a xor of two multiply with carry generators?

How broken is a xor of two LCGs? How Brittle Are LCG-Cracking Techniques? Based on the above two questions, I have simply one additional question: how broken is a XOR of two 64-bit multiply with ...
221 views

### Collision or second preimage for the ChaCha core?

Daniel J. Bernstein's ChaCha core is an evolution of the Salsa20 core. Both are functions over the set of 512-bit bitstrings, partitioned as sixteen 32-bit words. Can we exhibit collisions, or ...
82 views

### Understanding Meet-in-the-Middle attack on block ciphers

I understand how to implement a Meet-in-the-Middle attack on 2DES/3DES, by computing for one half all possible keys and storing the outcome and then subsequently do the same for the other half but ...
49 views

### Worst case one way function

the worst-case one way function is defined as follows $$\forall A \exists x : pr(A(f(x))\in f^{-1}(f(x)))\neq 1$$ can you give any example of such function?
128 views

### What is Polymorphic encryption? [closed]

Well i have downloaded some cryptographic algorithm. Do there are those I didn't understand so this is my question: What is polymorphic RC4 or Polymorphic xor encryption? I heard this in malware ...
75 views

### Eavesdropping experiment with private key

I am extremely new to cryptography, still trying to learn basics. I got stuck in the following example of an eavesdropping experiment with a private key. \begin{array} {|r|r r r|r|} \hline C & ...
103 views

### SQL-Like queries in CRYPTDB doesn't work [closed]

I have downloaded and built Cryptdb and it works well. Most of queries on encrypted database run without any issue but, the query with LIKE key word receives an ...
53 views

### How are subkeys, in Feistel block ciphers, derived for each round?

I'm bit confused about the subkeys that are used in Feistel ciphers. I know that all the subkeys ki are derived from the main key K, but how? Say I have a simplified Feistel block cipher of i rounds, ...
119 views

### Is secure communication without public-key crytography feasible?

We all know about public-key cryptosystems, and we know some of these are computationally secure (for the time being, of course). Are there any algorithms out there which allow safe communication ...
28 views

### Cardinality of the key space $\{0,1\}^\ell$

Imagine we have a scheme whose key is chosen from the set $\{0,1\}^\ell$. My question is: What is the size of key space for this scheme?
84 views

40 views

### 2DES vs. two-key triple encryption, with no decryption step

So studying double encryption (double DES) and understanding why it is subject to a Meet-in-the-middle attack, I tried to see if the same attack could be applied to a triple encryption with only two ...
9 views

### What is search space of this problem? [duplicate]

I have an exam and i have no time to solve this problem(I think about it a lot but i do not solve it).please help me and solve it for me: $A$ is a random number and has $512$ bits.We make $B$ ...
114 views

### What is “witness encryption”?

I recently skimmed over tho papers on time-lock encryption: “Time-release Protocol from Bitcoin and Witness Encryption for SAT” by Liu, Garcia, and Ryan “How to Build Time-Lock Encryption” by Jager ...
22 views

### Relationship between an elements order and the DLP [closed]

How can I use these properties to attack the DHKE? I know that the order of $a$ is always $2$ for $a = P - 1$ in $Z_p$. The subgroups generated by a will be $\{1,a\}$.
106 views

### Turning a 64 bit block cipher into a 128 bit block cipher

There are quite a few block cipher modes of operation that require 128 bits. There are also modes of operation where a higher block size than 128, e.g. a block size of 256 bit would even be practical. ...
65 views

### 3DES over Galois Counter Mode (GCM) for authenticated encryption

Is it possible to use DES or 3DES over Galois Counter Mode (GCM) to provide authenticated encryption? I haven't seen any implementation yet.
43 views

### Encrypt a file for multiple persons with different keys?

I thought a problem and want to ask if there's a more elegant solution. The scenario: A company with a fileserver, which hosts encrypted documents. The files need to be accessible by about a dozen ...