# All Questions

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### Shannon confusion and diffusion concept

I read the document(not the whole document) from Shannon where he speaks about the concepts of confusion and diffusion. I read in many places(not in the document but around the internet) that ...
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### Crytosystems used to generate public key certificate

Where can we find the cryptosystems used to generate public key certificate? Are the cryptosystems under the signature algorithm and signature hash algorithm? Do I need to analyze the packets ...
65 views

### Large file validation on an embedded system through hash and encryption

As a preface, I have to say that I am a noob in this area. Having said that, I will ask the question. I have a situation where I need to validate and protect against tampering a handful of large ...
77 views

### Linear transformation proof

Ok, so I have this question and I honestly have no idea how to prove it. I know that the function is linear and I know it works for every possible combination, I just don't know how to prove it in an ...
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### Encryption algorithm designed to be easy to decrypt by machine but impractical to decrypt by hand

I am looking for - or considering the design of a new - encryption algorithm that does not use variable keys, such that it is easy for a computer to encrypt and decrypt any message regardless of its ...
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### Block cipher to encrypt 8 bytes/64 bits - Use 64 or 128 bit cipher?

Here's the problem: I have a transport stream that I have been requested to encrypt between the transmitter and receiver. The data size is at most 8 bytes so it seems I can only use ECB as I only have ...
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### Encrypting with Davies-Meyer hash function scheme

So I need to to illustrate Davies-Meyer hash function for a message “123” with 1-byte blocks. I can use the extended ASCII representation where each character is represented as a byte. And I can pick ...
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### Crypto libary with Commutative Encryption

I want to implement Mental Poker in JavaScript as a toy program and lead in to a larger serious project so I did my research and found Massey-Omura cryptosystem and the Shamir three-pass protocol ...
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### Are there any digital signature algorithms in common use that result in 32-byte signatures?

I don't consider myself to be an expert in this field, so forgive me if there is an obvious answer. I am having a tough time finding an algorithm that can sign data and output a 32-byte signature, ...
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### What are SNARKs?

What does it mean and what is it used for, I have been hearing this term a lot lately. From the context I've heard it talked about it seems to be connected with zero knowledge?
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### How can I map arbitrary group elements to unique integers without using Hash functions?

Let's say, I have a group $G$ of large prime order $p$. A set $S$ consists of $n$ random elements chosen from $G$. Without using a collision resistant hash function $H$, how can I map elements of $G$ ...
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### Collision resistant hash functions

Let (Gen1,H1) and (Gen2,H2) be two hash functions. Define (Gen,H) so that Gen runs Gen1 and Gen2 to obtain keys s1 and s2, respectively. Then define Hs1,s2(x)=Hs1(x)||Hs2(x). a) Prove that if at ...
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### plaintext distribution ,perfect secrecy cryptosystem

I have been trying to solve the next problem: let pi be a perfect secrecy cryptosystem with specific plaintext probability distribution. How to prove pi will have perfect secrecy for all other ...
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### fully homomorphic encryption (FHE)

Please, I would like to find some hints or solution to my following problem, I would appreciate your assistance to walk with me throughout the solution Given fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) ...
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### Decrypting A Cipher Text without knowing the key or plaintext

i'm new to cryptography and i am doing a research based on cryptanalysis of vigenere cipher. If i have a ciphertext which is encrypted using vigenere cipher, is it possible for me to decrypt the ...
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### Client encrypts AES key and send it to other clients using public key (RSA) and server?

i have implemented AES and RSA methods myself. The server generates the AES secret key and encrypts it with every new client's (public key, modulus) then it is sent to that client, the client then ...
36 views

### Blowfish ECB mode: Tools for known-plaintext attack?

I'm currently dealing with multiple blowfish-encrypted files that share the same key. All are encrypted using ECB mode judging from their appearance. I don't know what the key is but I know 64 byte ...
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### Storing AES encrypted RSA private keys on a server

I'm thinking about creating an encrypted messaging web application where users create RSA key pairs, they store the public key on the server for others to see and also store an AES encrypted private ...
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### Handbook of Applied Cryptography as an entry point - is it ok book?

I recently chose to make an entry to Cryptography and encryption by starting to read the book Handbook of Applied Cryptography. I come from computer science background. To be honest, I have forgot ...
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### Why is there an extra block when encrypting?

I am passing input data 20 bytes long and java AES-CBC returns 48 bytes instead of 32 which is what I think it should output because of padding. My key is 16 bytes long. ...
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### Why is g is less than p in Diffie-Hellman?

In non-authenticated DH, p and g are made as public record. p needs to be a large prime number and g should be smaller than p. Why does g need to be smaller than p?
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### Complexity of preimage resistance

Why is the complexity of pre-image resistance $2$ raised to the power of $n$? I have been looking in everything lecture about pre-image resistance, but I still didn't know the answer.
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### how to calculate non linearity of AES S-box?

S-box has to satisfy different design criteria. How to calculate non-linearity , propagation criteria for an AES S-box?
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### Can public key be recovered from chipher text & encrypted private key?

I'd like to implement something like a write-once public/private encrypted shared secret (no better quick description for the lack of terminology knowledge). I guess, i'm trying to implement HSM. The ...
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### Cryptography system that limits the length of the encypted message

I have two devices which communicate via sms. This communication should now be encrypted. The devices can only send messages with the lenght of 160 characters. So i am looking for an encryption ...
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### Key management protocol for end-to-end security on Advanced Metering Infrastructure

I am currently working on a research on end-to-end security implementation for Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Pardon me if I a bit off topic or not asking the right question as I am ...
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### FEAL-4 Fk Function 4 Rounds

As I understood in FEAL-4 it needs 4 pair of round keys. Which means that we need to launch Fk function 4 times, but the problem occures on the 2nd round. At first round we have original 64 bits key ...
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### How does the signature checking work in DKIM?

As far as I understand DKIM works like this: DKIM is not used to encrypt anything, the only purpose is to mark mails that are not really sent from the claimed domain as spam. the DKIM-enabled ...
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### Is there an encryption that is only reversible with a key?

I'm thinking about man-in-the-middle attacks during a website login, and started wondering about reversible encryption. What I'm imagining is an encryption that takes input ...

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