# All Questions

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### How secure is passing a MAC to Python's random.seed before using random.choice to generate a MAC?

I'd like to use Python's random.choice seeded with a HMAC-SHA1 tag to generate a MAC encoded in a variable set of chars. ...
951 views

### Why are the Davies-Meyer and Miyaguchi-Preneel constructions secure?

The Davies-Meyer compression function $h(H, m) = E_m(H) \oplus H$ is said to be secure. So too is the Miyaguchi-Preneel compression function $h(H, m) = E_m(H) \oplus m \oplus H$. Why are these ...
338 views

### Why is $h(H, m) = E(m, H) \oplus m$ insecure?

I am taking a cryptography class on Coursera. I learned that the compression function $h(H, m) = E_m(H) \oplus m$ is insecure (even though other variants like Davies­-Meyer or Miyaguchi-Preneel are ...
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229 views

### How to use salt if I am sending hashed password?

If have application that is sending username and hashed password to server for authentication, how would I use salt for this scenario ?
329 views

### ElGamal: Generation of “g” value?

I haven't been able to find a clear explanation on this (and I'm probably just confused in general). I have the following parameters of ElGamal signatures: $p$ = safe prime $q = (p-1)/2$ $g$ = an ...
232 views

### Is there an existing AEAD scheme with minimal IV requirements?

Is there an existing AEAD scheme such that, for inputs with the same AD and IV ciphertexts are allowed to leak whether or not their plaintexts are equal, if the scheme can process the plaintext in a ...
123 views

### Pseudo Random Generator (PRG) from Rabin function

I'm trying to make a PRG using the Rabin function. The code (in Java) I wrote to implement the function is: ...
645 views

### Proper uses for CTR and CBC AES block cipher modes

Assuming the following: Key is randomly generated is being used (32 bytes+) IV is also randomly generated Crypto random key generator is used Data being encrypted contains common bytes like ...
97 views

### Why unit vectors should be encrypted bit per bit in that case?

At this work at section $2.2$ concerning a possible application for the BGN cryposystem the author points out that if you want to encrypt a unit vector $\overrightarrow{u_l}$ of size $l$ then the ...
86 views

### Relaxed trust criterion for mental poker server?

I've read a lot about protocols for mental poker without a trusted server, but I'm interested in the possibility of a faster, more practical protocol that relaxes that criterion a bit and "trusts" a ...
115 views

### What does “adaptively secure” mean?

In a paper it says "In the generic group model, the PRF is adaptively secure for inputs of $\mathbb{Z}_q^n$". Maybe a stupid question, but what does "adaptively secure" mean exactly?
201 views

### EC equivalent for RSA-OAEP

I have some questions regarding aforementioned subject: Is there a EC equivalent of RSA-OAEP key transport/encryption algorithm ? Is ECIES-KEM sufficient ?
143 views

### AES Message Authentication Vulnerability

My securities instructor recently posed this question to the class and I am bending my brain in half trying to figure it out. Suppose $y_1 = AES(K, x_1)$ and $y_2 = AES(K,x_2)$, and suppose you ...
250 views

### ECKS-PS algorithm: searching in encrypted data; bilinear maps

I have found an encryption algorithm named ECKS-PS (published in the paper Efficient conjunctive keyword search on encrypted data storage system) that allows an user to search in encrypted data. All ...
331 views

### Any point in waiting for the SHA-3 standard?

The Wikipedia article on SHA-3 says that Keccak has been chosen but the standard hasn't been issued. Does this matter? That is, can we just assume it's going to be as specified by the submitters ...
160 views

### What's the state of the attack to get the first pre-image on MD4?

What's the state of the attack to get the first pre-image on MD4? Is it still $2^{102}$ as described by Gaëtan Leurent in "MD4 is Not One-Way" ?
4k views

### AES+CTR+HMAC Encryption and Authentication on an Arduino

In my project we would like to encrypt and authenticate the the communication channel between our server and our Arduino nodes, which relies on an underlying TCP channel. We have chosen AES in CTR ...
461 views

### Using salted hash as password for easy memorization without reuse?

I had an idea earlier: Secure passwords are a) long, and b) unpredictable. A hash is both of these. Would it be safe to reuse a key between sites, and include the site's name as a salt? For example: ...
260 views

### Ciphers in CBC mode reveal place of change in plaintext

Theoretically, when using a symmetric block cipher in CBC mode, the current block is dependent on the previous block. Suppose one plaintext is encrypted using CBC, and then one bit of it is changed, ...
578 views

### Signature schemes for underpowered devices (8bit microcontroller)

I am currently researching into a small scale home automation system, aiming for cost. The system architecture is basically one master and several slaves which are connected in parallel. Recently ...
1k views

### Known-plaintext attack on Blowfish in ECB mode

The protection scheme I faced recently seems so weak nowadays that a simple exhaustive key search would be enough to recover the user key in an acceptable amount of time (it's OK, since almost no ...
158 views

### Given a certain entrophy per character, how long should a passphrase be to guarantee key strength?

Given an entrophy of 1.5 bits per character, how long does a passphrase have the be to guarantee a key strength of a 128 bit random key? Assuming an alphabet of 26, one character takes log2(26)=4.7 ...
488 views

### May the problem with DES using OFB mode be generalized for all feistel ciphers

There is a problem with using DES as the block cipher in OFB mode, eg: the feedback that goes back into the next round will be encrypted with the same key $k$ resulting back into the plaintext IV used ...
7k views

### Does the IV need to be known by AES (CBC mode)?

I was thinking about this today and thought I should ask. I think I understand IV's enough to say that they are basically the same thing as Salts when talking about hashes. They are there to improve ...
471 views

### How do I generate decryption keys for the IDEA algorithm from the 128 bit key?

I am trying to implement IDEA algorithm in C#, just to learn how it works. I have taken a 128 bit binary key and generated the 52 encryption keys using the following code: ...