# All Questions

36 views

### How would you name and/or describe this algorithm?

First up: this is not a decoding request or anything. This is about terminology. Twice per year, we email another department to ask for a new licence file for their software. They are always slow to ...
119 views

### Doubling the block length of a given block cipher

IMHO the main essence of a Feistel cipher of block length $n$ is the working of a non-linear function $F$ that is applied to the two halves of the block of length $n/2$. Now suppose a certain block ...
25 views

### Are there unreachable MD5 hashes? [duplicate]

Are there any known MD5 hashes that can´t occure, no matter what (finite) input is taken? Thanks
59 views

### Why is AES-128 considered secure while RSA needs a 1024-bit size to be considered secure [duplicate]

I got asked this question today and I didn't know the answer, AES-128 is considered secure, the key size is 2^128, so you would need in average 2^127 tries to break the key. Why does RSA need at least ...
69 views

### Compression in key generation of DES algorithm

Does anyone have a pseudo-code or an algorithm or even a diagram of the compression (pc2) of the DES algorithm? I can't find a relation between the bits that are dropped, even when I do it manually ...
79 views

### Construction of division polynomials

I'm trying to understand the construction of the division polynomials used in Schoof's algorithm. I firstly followed this report of Charlap and Robbins. I stuck with the definition of the leading ...
32 views

### Are collisions in AES-128 theoretically possible when the plaintext is the same? [duplicate]

Is it theoretically possible to find $P$, $K$, and $K^\prime$ such that $E_K(P) = E_{K^\prime}(P)$ where $E$ is AES-128 and $K \ne K^\prime$? I'd imagine this would be infeasible, but is it actually ...
56 views

### Q: Relevance of physical layer security to cryptography

I found that there are quite some active research activities in a field named "physical layer security", with in particular some types of codes that apparently are different from those commonly ...
145 views

### System parameters in identity-based encryption

In IBE schemes, the system parameters are $(q, \mathbb{G}, F, \hat{e}, P, Q, T, H_1)$. I don't know $\hat{e}$. For example, in type A pairing… ...
115 views

### Using e-ID Number for Encryption and Digital Signing

I want to use e-ID number for performing Encryption/Decryption and Digital Signing - and in order to do so, I've opted a PGP-oriented approach which goes a bit like this. Generating PGP key-pair ...
42 views

### Example of Projective Coordinates

Given the affine form of coordinates $(x,y)$ such as $(5,3)$, if I want to convert $(5,3)$ to projective coordinates $(x,y,z)$, should the form of point be $(5,3,1)$? It is triplet not a point, right? ...
77 views

### Can we break ECDLP with this machine?

Let $P$ and $Q$ are two points of NIST elliptic curve $E$ (defined over $F_{2^m}$ with prime $m$) and $k$ is a private key such that $k.P=Q$. Also we have a machine that is able to leak some ...
40 views

### What is the canonical way of creating merkle tree branches?

I'm currently looking into creating some compact merkle tree branches to prove that a given hash was included in a given merkle root. My initial thought was to list the leaf, the merkle root and all ...
50 views

### compact rsa private key format

As shown in Why does my SSH private key still work after changing some bytes in the file? a typical RSA private key file contains. The public modulus $n$ and exponent $e$; The private ...
42 views

### Recover secret $x$ when $c\equiv m^x \pmod p$ with public $p$ (modified)

Given an encryption system where $c\equiv m^x \pmod p$, $p$ is a known prime, 1. Is it possible to recover $x$ with a known plaintext attack? Given $(p,\text{factorization of }\varphi(p),m,c)$ 2. Is ...
59 views

### Convert messages to elliptic curve points [duplicate]

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve; $\alpha,\beta$ two points of $E$; and $a$ a private key such that $\beta=a\cdot\alpha$. We choose random integer $k$ and plain text $x\in E$. Encryption and decryption ...
143 views

### end-to-end encrypted chat app with symmetric + public key encryption, TLS and cert pinning

A big drawback of end-to-end encrypted messaging services is that, as soon as you lose your device, you lose all your messages. Your private key is gone after all. I was wondering though, wouldn't it ...
24 views

### Why do we need Merkle–Damgård strengthening [duplicate]

Reading through some manuals, wikis and other documentation I'm learning about Merkle–Damgård construction. I understand why padding beginning with '1', followed by '0's is needed, but I can't ...
165 views

### Zero Knowledge Argument for Subset Sum

What is the currently most efficient (interactive) zero knowledge proof/argument for the subset sum problem? The most recent relevant paper I have found is Efficient Modular NIZK Arguments from Shift ...
55 views

### Cyclic group collision resistant keyed cryptographic hash function

I am self-studying cryptography from a book and have come across a really difficult question that's doing my head in. I would be very grateful if somebody can help me out here with this difficult ...
73 views

### comparison of security for identity based signature and Hashing (SHA-1) the identities

I would like to know which method can provide better security: using identity based signature or hashing the identities and message (using SHA-1) for authentication?
66 views

### How to compute projective cordinate Z in elliptic curve cryptography?

I was working on affine coordinates and struggling with the computation time taken for operations and then I was advised to use projective coordinates so that mul-inverse operation can be avoided Can ...
47 views

### authentication protocol questions/security

Disclaimer: I am the only person that uses my software. This is just experimental fun. I previously wrote a server/client that used the secure remote password protocol authentication. I had an idea ...
38 views

### Diffie-Hellman over several non-secured HTTP requests - will it work?

This problem is about setting up cryptographic keys on an IoT device. I don't want my devices to be set up with any cryptographic keys pre-baked, but actual communication have to be based on TLS. Now ...
67 views

### MITM Attack on Key Exchange Protocols

I was doing research on this attack and I am wondering, why is Diffie-Hellman always associated with such an attack? ​ Aren't other public key cryptography schemes vulnerable to the same kind of ...
71 views

### Lightweight Cryptography and Gate Equivalents [closed]

If I design a lightweight cryptographic algorithm, how do I calculate gate equivalents (GE)?
41 views

### Differential Cryptanalysis

How do I find the differential characteristics using techniques Shrinking ? How do I extract the key on Differential Cryptanalysis using the technique Shrinking in Blockcipher Algorithm? Shrinking ...
85 views

### Probability approximation of no collisions

I am comparing the actual probability of no collisions to the probability approximation formula of no collisions from the Understanding Cryptography text. The approximation is as follows: ...
44 views

### How do I prove that a bit by bit PKE scheme (that is IND-CPA secure) for an n-bit message is not IND-CCA-2 secure?

Gen generates Pk and Sk (l bits each), Enc encrypts m (length l) but by bit using each bit of Pk respectively, Dec decrypts ciphertext bit by bit using each bit of Sk respectively. How do I prove this ...
51 views

### How to force an adversary to call a certain oracle?

Consider there is a protocol in real world, which uses a random oracle $\mathcal{H}$. In the ideal world, after the calling of $\mathcal{H}$ by some parties, intuitively I want the simulator gets some ...
39 views

### StoredKey in Salted Challenge Response Mechanism (SCRAM)

In SCRAM (RFC5802, page 8) the client generates ClientKey to server, which is a derivation of the original password. This is communicated to the server in a secure ...
54 views

### User revocation in Identity Based Encryption

I read several papers about user revocation in IBE recently. A common point is that when a user is revoked, some other valid users should also update their private keys. Does this mean that one ...
83 views

### Deletion in RSA Accumulator

I am studying RSA Dynamic Accumulator and I have a question: why is simpler to calculate the new accumulator value after a deletion if is known the secret ϕ(n)? Is possible to calculate the deletion ...
39 views

### David Chaum's anonymous credential

I am a newbie in cryptography (I know the basic RSA, AES stuffs) and am interested in anonymous authentication systems. Looks like David Chaum is the godly figure in the field. I see lots of people ...
20 views

### What's the perfect chain length : number of chains ratio for rainbow tables?

I'm building a SHA-1 rainbow table to crack basic passwords (i.e. up to 10 character, 0-9,a-z). But I can't seem to calculate that golden ratio that would give me the most coverage. Also is there ...
101 views

### Multiple levels of encryption

Is it feasible to have data encrypted at different levels of hierarchy I'd like to encrypt an xml database (such as used in www.keepass.info) whereby two or more keys can exist. For example: Key #1 ...
51 views

### Reference AES-NI assembler code for AES-128-GCM? [closed]

I want to implement AES-128-GCM in assembler using Intel AES-NI instructions. I have found reference code in the Intel AES-NI Whitepaper but I don't see code for the GCM mode there (or indeed any use ...
233 views

### How long does it take to decrypt an RSA/ECB encrypted message?

I am working on assignment where I have specific scenarios and I am little bit struggling with this one. Alice sends and email to Bob.For this e-mail, she uses the following method of encryption: ...
25 views

### Are there any real-world E-voting systems in use with the Paillier cryptosystem?

There are a lot of theories of Paillier cryptosystem with references to e-voting. Are there any real-world E-voting systems in use with the Paillier cryptosystem?
40 views

### Are there any FHE-MPC schemes implemented?

I want to know if there are any publicly available multiparty computation schemes derived from fully homomorphic encryption schemes. An example would be the implementation of this scheme ...
70 views

### If a PRG is constructed by iterating a PRF, is it backtracking-resistant?

Say we construct a pseudo-random number generator from a pseudo-random function $f$ (using some constant key $k$ and some initial value $v_0$). We do this by feeding the output block of the PRF back ...
31 views

### PathORAM with read path eviction

I am currently trying to implement the pathORAM algorithm as describe in this paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/280.pdf The paper states that with high probability, the stash size will be bounded ...