# All Questions

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### What kind of operations are involved in NTRU?

I've read that lattice based algorithms involve matrix-vector products. Is this the case of the NTRU algorithm? When I've read the details of the NTRU algorithm, I've seen products of polynoms. Where ...
181 views

### How AES treat string input to encrypt data and what will happen if the cipher key is less than that expected?

The official docs of AES have several example of how hexadecimal or byte input can be encrypted. I have some problem about the input text and cipher key. My question is: How can encrypt string input ...
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### Is the ring of octonions “commonly” used in Cryptography?

I've recently read "Fully Homomorphic Encryption on Octonion Ring" by Yagisawa, which is based on octonion rings over finite fields. Personally I've never encountered octonion rings in cryptography ...
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### Using AES for smaller blocks in a Feistel network

I was wondering how decryption would work for FPE in the case of cycled Feistel ciphers. I understand that simply reiterating through the networks with reversed key order will generate the ciphertext ...
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### Converting a pre-image resistant hash to second pre-image resistant

I am looking for some standard conversion from any hash function $f$, which has pre-image resistance, to another hash function with second preimage resistance. Is there such a standard conversion?
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### Requirements for the modulus in the Massey-Omura three pass protocol

In the Massey-Omura three pass protocol: How many bits long should the prime modulus $M$ be in order to be secure? Should the $M$ be secret? Should the $M$ be generated every time or it could be ...
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### TRNG vs PRNG - Entropy?

How much more entropy gives a Hardware Random Number Generator or True Random Number Generator compared to a Pseudo Random Number Generator? I know it depends on which TRNG is used, but I'm thinking ...
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### Salting in asp.net?

I have spent the past hour reading up on salting and still don't understand how it is achieved. Forgive me if im wrong, but the way I am thinking of salting is, storing an ArrayList of random strings ...
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### J-PAKE : About Schnorr NIZK proof for ephemeral private keys

Reading J-PAKE Authenticated Key Exchange Without PKI document : J-PAKE Round 1 : Alice sends out g^x1 and knowledge proof for x1, e.g : To prove the knowledge of the exponent for X = g^x1 ...
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### How bad it is using the same IV twice with AES/GCM?

I understand that initialization vectors should not be used twice when using AES/GCM. I am using a counter as initialization vector. Every time I send out a new packet (I am developing an UDP based ...
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### Are all homomorphic encryption schemes not CCA secure? [duplicate]

Homomorphic encryption is hyped by computer sciences because it offers great potentials. For example you can perform cloud based calculation while nobody gets to know you data. I am wondering if ...
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### Weakening of Pallier cryptosystem due to ciphertext equivalence and order in CryptDB

Pallier Cryptosystem is probabilistic in nature and IND-CPA secure. By design given two ciphertexts one cannot distinguish whether decrypting those two ciphertexts will result in same or different ...
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### Question about keyed hash functions

Maybe the answer to my question is obvious, but I have doubt... I have noticed that hash functions are studied in two forms, keyed hash functions or unkeyed. In general, lecture notes present hash ...
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### Pseudo Random Function

The definition of pseudo randomness that leads to pseudo random function talks about indistingishability of a key-ed function and a random function. i.e. The key-ed function family $\{F_k\}$ is PRF ...
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### Can I use HKDF to improve security of HMAC used with weak hash function?

I am writing a framework which encrypts/decrypts files (or streams, in general) with symmetric key using block cipher (for example, AES). To authenticate encrypted file, I use HMAC, which is ...
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### How broken is a xor of two multiply with carry generators?

How broken is a xor of two LCGs? How Brittle Are LCG-Cracking Techniques? Based on the above two questions, I have simply one additional question: how broken is a XOR of two 64-bit multiply with ...
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### Establish Trust By Signing Random Seed

I'm trying to get my server to establish trust with a client. Neither is on the Internet, so there are no certificate authorities. The typical way to establish trust in my domain is for a client to "...
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### What's the principle to design the functionality under UC framework?

Though I can get the basic idea of UC Framework, namely let the environment cannot distinguish the real protocol with the real adversary and the functionality with the simulator, I am still puzzled in ...
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### SHA256_HMAC for deriving session keys using a counter

I need to generate some session keys from a master key that was generated from an ECDH key exchange. The master key is 256 bits and I need 256 bit sessions keys. Is it safe to use SHA256_HMAC with ...
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### Could this alternative hash based MAC construction be as, or even more secure than an HMAC?

Begin hashing (Key||Message) Encrypt the hash state (or some part of it, such as the first 128 or 256 bits), with the key. Add the encrypted hash state to the hash ...
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### Recovering key length from transposition block cipher ciphertext

First of all I would like to say hello to all StackExchange users. So far I've been stalking the forum for some time, now it's time to leave the shadows. In my master thesis I'm writing about ...
112 views

### Defining format-preserving encryption for natural language

Assume we have plaintext in natural language. Can we use format-preserving encryption in such a way that the produced ciphertext cannot be distinguished from natural language?
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### Is it safe to use a secret salted hash of a public id for client to prove ownership of id to a server that knows salt but does not store ids?

I am writing a peering server - the server assigns randomly generated public IDs to users, and I want users to be able to reclaim their ids in the future, but only to be able to claim ids that they ...
106 views

### How do revocation certificates work in PGP?

I've already read how to build and upload them, but I'm wondering how revocation certificates work, what informations they hold and so on. Suppose my private key is compromised, but I have a ...
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### Asymmetric cipher with multiple public keys

Asymmetric cryptography is well known. You generate a private key. Using the private key you generate a public key. Then you can sign a message with the private key and check signatures using the ...
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### Encryption of plain text using stream cipher algorithm

We know that in stream cipher algorithms plain text and generated key are Xored byte by byte. Generated key depends on how much plain text there is and on that basis key will generate and plain text ...
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### How to generate the APA SBox?

I am trying to generate the S-Box provided in the Affine Power Affine paper (PDF) but I'm not sure I understand it fully. The essence of the paper is this: ...
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### Is the SEED blockcipher still secure?

I did found an old question which answers exactly this but it is from 2 years ago and i was wondering if there were any changes. I have not been able to find any new information on the cipher and am ...
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### decrypt a saml 2.0 response having aes 128 and rsa [closed]

I need to decrypt a saml 2.0 response. But, the response object has reference to aes 128 and rsa algorithms, and I am having hard time in finding a way to decrypt. Below is the structure of the ...
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### Recombination thresholds in degree reduction of multiplied Shamir shares

Shamir's secret sharing can be considered multiplicatively homomorphic, if one is aware of the fact that multiplying two shares of a (n,t)-threshold shared secret yields a share of the same secret, ...
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### How does ccrypt work?

On many Linux/GNU distributions CCrypt (ccrypt) by Peter Selinger is available as a command line utility to encrypt files. How does the protocol work and is it ...
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### PBKDF2 for login key, scrypt for encryption key

I need to derive two keys from a single password client side. One for in-browser login, the other for encryption. Is the following secure ? ...
243 views

### LUKS multiple key slots - what's the intuition?

LUKS volumes have the ability to allow multiple independently usable passwords, as explained here: [https://code.google.com/p/cryptsetup/wiki/FrequentlyAskedQuestions] The intuition behind basic ...