# All Questions

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### HMAC_DRBG Generate Process: requesting N bytes at once different from requesting N bytes in total?

Am I correct in assuming that HMAC_DRBG would return different results if I, e.g. first request 4 bytes followed by a request of another 4 bytes instead of asking for 8 bytes at once? It seems that ...
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### Database row level encryption scheme

I am wanting to secure some highly sensitive data in a database. This would mean that the data needs to be encrypted and remain secure for 100 years if it were to fall into adversary hands. I also ...
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### I'm using AES-CTR as a CSPRNG - Do I need an IV?

I'm using AES128-CTR for generating pseudo-random values, which is considered secure for up to 1MB (at least from what I've read). I simply encrypt a 128-bit little-endian counter, starting from 0. ...
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### How does Blowfish avoid successful cryptanalysis? [closed]

I have researched the Blowfish algorithm and am curious as to why there exists no effective cryptanalysis for this algorithm as of yet. What basic principles or features allow Blowfish to achieve ...
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### A variant of Shamir secret sharing

Suppose implement the Shamir secret sharing as following: we select a degree $d$ polynomial $P$ with a zero coefficient of 0, and all other coefficents selected randomly from $Z_p$; and to this ...
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### Known-plaintext attack on two-dimensional affine cipher

Problem: We have a two-dimensional affine cipher with $n = 2,\,\,\,\mathcal{P} = \mathcal{C} = {\mathbb{F}_{16}^2}$, where $\mathcal{K} = \{ A,\,\,b\}$ and $b = (0,0)$. The encryption and decryption ...
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### Brute Force Attack Strategies

A Brute Force Attack obviously involves attempting to decrypt ciphertext (with the associated plaintext being known) using all possible encryption keys. Aside from attempting all possible ...
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### what is the difference between IBE and ABE schemes

Can somebody explain in simple words. real life example light help and limitations of these schemes etc.
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### Why would an RSA library tell me that the public key must be at least 512 bits in size?

I'm trying to interoperate with a web service by reverse-engineering it. Currently, when sending a POST request, it encrypts the form data one-by-one with a 'RSA' function. But it's rather weird as ...
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### Does NTRU provide Perfect Forward Secrecy?

Does NTRU provide Perfect Forward Secrecy if the world would use it in an HTTPS connection?
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### How can one generate pairs/triplets/…/n-ary MD5 collisions

Is there a way to generate n strings with the same MD5 hash?
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### The real-life meaning of proving over a group that doesn't support the oracle?

If I proved a scheme's security under GDH assumption, in real-life, if this DDH oracle does exist, then it's good, but what about other side ? In real-life, if this DDH oracle doesn't exist, then ...
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### Is the composition of collision resistant hash with non collision resistant hash a collision resistant hash?

Suppose $h_1$ is collision resistant, and $h_2$ isn't. Will $h(x)=h_2(h_1(x))$ always be collision resistant? [Edited:] the output of h2 must be uniformly distributed
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### applying HKDF at both the client and the server

I have two keys (K1 and K2) at both the client and the server. I hope to use HKDF in both client and server side to concatenate the keys. I will use the same salt value at both the client ad the ...
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### How to put the hash of a PDF file in the PDF file? [duplicate]

I know it sounds strange.. but, are there any ways in practice to put the hash of a PDF file in the PDF file? And after geting the hash in the PDF file - if someone would do a hash check of the PDF ...
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### Hashing/encrypting an integer to produce an unique integer in the same range

I'm looking for a function or set of functions that can produce a pseudo-random permutation on an input set of arbitrary size. Given a set of $M$ values in range $0..M-1$, where $M$ is positive ...
### Is it possible to decrypt an RSA ciphertext with only $N$ and $e$?
Is it possible to perform RSA decryption if one only knows $N$ and $e$? Failing that, what is the maximum key length where brute-force is still practically feasible?