All Questions

2k views

What Java actually stores inside Keystore when generating Keys?

When we use Keytool to generate a Keystore to store Private/Public keys, what Java actually stores inside the Keystore file ? I ...
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Checking the share membership in secret sharing schemes

I was thinking of this since yesterday. Imagine, a secret is split into its respective shares (using any secret sharing scheme) with threshold $t$ and total $n$. Can we find out given any random ...
2k views

Which attacks are possible against raw/textbook RSA?

The PKCS#1 standard defines multiple padding schemes for signature generation/verification (EMSA-PSS and EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5), and encryption/decryption (EME-OAEP and the less safe EME-PKCS1-v1_5). ...
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java.util.Random and Dice Rolls

For this question, a dice roll will be considered two 6 six sided dice, to give a possible output of 2-12. Given a java.util.Random instance r, the output of one roll would be: ...
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Designing hash function in space-efficient identity based encryption

Let $n$ be an RSA-prime and we know prime factorization of $n(=pq)$. The hash function is the current context maps from a given user identity(id) to a positive integer less than $n$, whose jacobi ...
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Java: How to handle authenticated encryption for big files

First I need to mention that I can't use BouncyCastle to implement this solution. I have to encrypt files into the file system. Those files are not going to be tranfered over the wire to any other ...
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Proving correctness of a decryption of a homomorphically summed ciphertext?

I would like to take some additively homomorphic cryptosystem - don't care much which one for now - and encrypt a series of numbers with it. I would then like to (in public) take these numbers, add ...
105 views

What informal indicators exist for estimating the computational infeasibility of cryptographic problems?

When assuming a block cipher primitive is secure, or a number theoretic problem is hard, this assumption is usually based on how far we are from breaking the primitive or solving the problem using ...
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Hybrid fair exchange protocol

A gradual fair exchange (layman term) is a form of fair exchange protocol where Alice will transfer 1 bit to Bob then Bob will transfer 1 bit to Alice. The flaw with this protocol is that the party ...
134 views

Are all binary-additive stream ciphers reciprocal?

I'm writing a thesis focused on Maurer's provably-secure stream cipher. Long story short, this cipher works by expanding a short key into a long keystream and then XORring this keystream with the ...
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What is the difference between order of base point and curve order in EC? [duplicate]

When I was read about the elliptic curve cryptography I found some definition about domain parameter of elliptic curve like the follow. But I did not understand something $p$: prime number. $a, b$: ...
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Is there a Javascript and Java implementation of a good CSPRNG [closed]

I need to use a cryptographically secure pseudo random number generator in my client running Javascript and in my server running Java. Is there a well-known implementation of a good CSPRNG in both ...
266 views

Availability of a simple limited PRNG algorithm

I am in need of a really simple limited PRNG, that either exists or can easily be created in virtually any language on any platform. It takes only the initial seed, and is only expected to generate a ...
877 views

Elliptic curves for ECDSA

I'm trying to implement parameters generation for ECDSA according to SEC1 v2.0: ...
176 views

AES - Encrypting multiple blocks of files

On my site, users can download files which are stored on public hosting, so I need to encrypt them. A downloaded file is divided into blocks of 1 kB and I want encrypt them individually, using the ...
698 views

How to perform frequency analysis of a substitution cipher using a Base64 alphabet

Let's imagine a cipher that works like the following: Plaintext is encoded to Base64. The characters in the encoded plaintext are substituted with a randomly shuffled character set(A-z, 0-9, -, _, =)...
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BruteForcer XOR (bfxor.exe) to attack 64-bit keys and longer

First of all, this is not a beginner's question since I already know a good deal about encryption and brute-force attacks. This is also no question on how to code programs for brute-force attacks ...
143 views

Where have all the cypherpunks gone?

In 1992, cypherpunks was created as a mailing list for activists advocating for cryptography. Arguably, the cypherpunks mailing list was the foundation for the movement and the centre of it all. ...
202 views

Secure Multiparty Sum in malicious model using threshold encryption

Suppose $n$ actors each hold a plaintext $p_i$. We wish to find $\sum p_i$, without leaking any information about individual $p_i$. Any actor (or any link in the network) could be controlled by an ...
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special public keys and modulo n

I just picked up cryptography and have some questions on RSA cryptosystem: Say there are two public keys (n, e1), (n, e2), e1 is coprime to e2. They share the same n. Is it possible to find the ...
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Do data-dependent rotations have any advantage over fixed rotations?

There are many ARX ciphers, however most use fixed rotations. I know data-dependent compared to fixed rotations are: patented harder to implement constant time more expensive in hardware harder to ...
2k views

Is it possible to determine a PGP public key from encrypted data?

Is it possible to find out which public key was used to generate the message? Scenario is like this : I got data which is encrypted with a public key. Now a "bad guy" hast the encrypted data, and ...
324 views

What does $\Pi$ represent in cryptography?

I am doing a project in cryptography and while reading a tag generation algorithm for files, I got stuck with the meaning of $\Pi$. The screenshot of the algorithm is inserted below. Here the ...
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Elliptic curve trapdoor function without modular arithmetic?

From what I understand, an elliptic contains a set points satisfying the equation $y^2=x^3 + ax + b$ together with the point at infity. It seems clear how multiplication with a scalar and a point ...
129 views

How well does breaking multiple DH key exchanges over the same group scale?

Suppose you are running a server with the Diffie-Hellman parameters (so the group G and generator g) generated once. There are ...
161 views

CP-ABE: structure of the secret key SK

I am working on Ciphertext-Policy Attribute based Encryption (CP-ABE) and I need to understand how a secret key looks like. For example, assume that the universe of attributes is defined to be {A,B,C,...
12k views

Impacts of not using RSA exponent of 65537

This RFC says the RSA Exponent should be 65537. Why is that number recommended and what are the theoretical and practical impacts & risks of making that number higher or lower? What are the ...
65 views

what does rsaSha512Sign do?

I have the following function: ...
145 views

plaintext distribution ,perfect secrecy cryptosystem

I have been trying to solve the next problem: let pi be a perfect secrecy cryptosystem with specific plaintext probability distribution. How to prove pi will have perfect secrecy for all other ...
942 views

Collision resistant hash functions

Let (Gen1,H1) and (Gen2,H2) be two hash functions. Define (Gen,H) so that Gen runs Gen1 and Gen2 to obtain keys s1 and s2, respectively. Then define Hs1,s2(x)=Hs1(x)||Hs2(x). a) Prove that if at ...
104 views

Many single-time use keys encryption scheme (not Shamir's Shared Secret)

I'm looking for encryption scheme with the following properties: There's a sequence of keys that can be used to decrypt the message Strictly only one key from the sequence is required to decrypt the ...
1k views

How does GPG verify succesful decryption?

How does GPG (or other programs using the OpenPGP file format) verify that it has succeeded with decryption (for symmetrically encrypted data)? Is something appended to the clear text so there exist ...
221 views

Zero Knowledge Example using discrete log

I've been exploring Zero Knowledge Proofs and while the classic cave example by Jean-Jacques Quisquater makes sense, I find the discrete log example problematic. Since the Verifier is given p, g and ...
208 views

Key generation in Digital Signature Algorithm

In DSA, one needs to generate two primes $p$ and $q$ such that $q$ is $256$-bit and $p$ is $3072$-bit and $p-1$ is a multiple of $q$. Question: How to generate such $p$ and $q$. Attempt: First, use ...
131 views

CCA security of a system that splits messages and encrypts each packet

Propose a symmetric key based crypto-system for implementing a secure email system. This system is based on AES and CCA secure. Suppose that you have to encrypt a large message and that this message ...
118 views

Checking both Quadratic residuosity and Jacobi symbol simultaneously and efficiently

I have to randomly generate a number $u$ such that $u \in J(N)-Q(N)$ where $J(N)$ denotes the set of elements less than $N$, whose Jacobi symbol value is equal to 1; and $Q(N)$ denotes the set of ...
395 views

OpenSSL RSA same plaintext but different ciphertext

how OpenSSL RSA work ? I generate public (n,e) and private key (n,d) then I encypted a file by : ...
488 views

Why sorting is needed for Meet-in-the-middle attack

The weakness of double DES, E (k1, E(k2, M)) is that Meet-in-the-middle attack is possible. When performing Meet-in-the-middle ...
598 views

What is the most computationally efficient way of generating pseudo-random permutations?

I have an application in which I need to create up to J randomly shuffled-copies of an array of length N. Then I will have millions or even billions of iterations such that, in each iteration, I will ...
340 views

Are all block ciphers FPE (format preserving encryption)?

A FPE preserves the format. There is a correspondence between the format of the ciphertext and the plaintext. Given that a message in some binary enconded format can easily be divded in some ...
320 views

Implementation and Testing of SRP-6a

I have been wracking my brain trying to develop a functioning implementation of SRP-6a in Python to use with a 3rd-party API that claims to use SRP-6a with $N=$ 2048-bit prime and generator of $2$. ...
120 views

How many of primitive point on the elliptic curve?

In elliptic curves for cryptography, I know $nG=O$, where $G$ is a base point represented by $G=(x_g,y_g)\ on\ E(F_P)$, where $n$ is Order of point $G$. For example, $P(0,6)$ is a primitive point on ...
113 views

Complexity to find an preimage of a hash function

Suppose a hash function based on Merkle-Damguard construction. Its compression function is given as $H_i=E_{m_i}(H_{i-1})$, where $E_{m_i}()$ denotes the encryption of an ideal block cipher with $n$-...
2k views

Perfectly secret cipher can leak about the key?

As defined by Shannon, a cipher is perfectly secure if ciphertext leaks no information about the plain text. Under this definition, can ciphertext leak something about the key? Are there any ciphers ...
312 views

Key derivation for AES-Encryption key and HMAC

Okay so I have two options for how I would derive two keys for AES encryption and HMAC they are as follows: Run BCrypt on a users passphrase and then use the bouncy castle implementation of HKDF in ...