# All Questions

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### Is there a string that's hash is equal to itself?

I was wondering if there's any string that has a hash equal to itself, so that – when using any (none specific) hash function – the hash would be equal to that string? so that: ...
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### Session based AES with random key and static salt

I'm currently using aes to encrypt/decrypt messages to and from a web service. When the user establishes a session he sends a random generated secret via rsa public key. This secret is used to ...
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### Why not use an algorithm's code rather than data itself for one time pads?

Instead of using actual data for one time pads, what would be different if the code for an algorithm was exchanged so that to acquire the pad one would execute the algorithm and use its output? Why ...
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### Differential Cryptanalysis of FEAL-4

I'm currently carrying out a differential attack on the FEAL-4 algorithm, however I have hit a bit of a wall. Basically I attacked the final round first ($K3$) using the differential characteristic ...
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### Does AES CTR mode store header information in encrypted files?

According to the movable-type.co.uk website, In the ‘counter mode’ used in this implementation, a counter which changes with each block is first encrypted, and the result is bitwise xor’d with the ...
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### advantages of hashing over elliptic curve signatures for a proof of work protocol

I'm trying to create a proof-of-work protocol for a proof-of-concept software, and it's basically something like this: ...
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When plaintext padding is required, there are various commonly-used padding techniques. It seems the two most used approaches are : Always add at least one byte of padding, and have every byte of ...
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### FEAL-4 Wrong outputs of Round Functions

On page 2 of this article, there is example of FEAL-4. At round 2, the input to F (Round Function) is 0x80800000. As F accepts only 4 bytes I divide the input by 2 so that (As I assume the result ...
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### Is this chat protocol safe?

I am in the design phase of a secure chat application at the moment. I am trying to make this as secure as possible. The Serverprovider should not have access to the messagedata. So my idea was the ...
202 views

### What does “nonlinear mapping” mean?

Page 15 of the Keccak reference (PDF) explains that the $Chi$ step mapping of the Keccak-f permutation in Keccak is defined to be “nonlinear mapping”. Without this, the complete permutation would be ...
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### How to guarantee every plaintext is in a rainbow table?

This guide says that for a rainbow table or pre-computed hash chain, you can only get a probability that a plaintext is in a table, not a guarantee. Is there a way to guarantee every possible ...
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### Skein or Keccak stream cipher construction

I am wondering if using Skein or the Keccak hash algorithm in this construction (as a stream cipher) is secure: $H$ = Keccak or Skein hash with a 256 bit output $K$ = The main 256 bit random key, ...
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### What benefits do substitution boxes and permutation boxes offer in DES?

I understand that with more encryption rounds the more complex the ciphertext becomes due to multiple substitutions and permutations. What I don't understand is the purpose of these features. I am ...
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### Cryptographic data structure: sparse array without membership test

I would like a data structure supporting two operations: $\mathsf{set}(k,v)$ and $\mathsf{get}(k)$, with the following properties: $k$ can be any number between $0$ and something impressively large, ...
6k views

### What exactly is a negligible (and non-negligible) function?

The mathematical definition of neglible and non-neglible functions is fairly clear-cut, but why they are important and how they are used in cryptography?
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### What is the difference between “secp…” and “sect…”?

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommended elliptic curve domain parameters to have names such as “secp…” and “sect…”. For example: “secp224k1” and “sect571k1”. What is ...
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### RC4 key schedule and algorithm design

I've looked up RC4 algorithm and it's seems easy enough but some parts of it seem random to me. In the key schedule part take for example the following part : ...
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### Homomorphic encryption based on XOR

Consider the values $a$ and $b$ are encrypted as $c_1=(a \oplus D)$ and $c_2=(b \oplus D)$. My question is: can we derive $b+a$ from any combination of $c_1$ and $c_2$? Note: I admit that the $D$...
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### What does OIW stand for

There seem to be many OID's that have been put in the ASN.1 tree that have the following ISO identified organization: OIW. One example is SHA-1 (ElGamal seems to be another): ...
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### Has there been any cryptanalysis of AES under a non-uniformly distributed key?

The standard security property demanded of a blockcipher is that it be a pseudo-random permutation; i.e., given a uniformly random key, the blockcipher should be computationally indistinguishable from ...
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### Single-purpose symmetric encryption scheme for single files

I'm writing a simple password manager program that will encrypt/decrypt a single file (it's size will most likely stay under a few K). This is my initial file format design: ...
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### Strength and weaknesses of this JavaScript charCodeAt based login script

I know of a company on their website who are using this very basic password login page written in JavaScript. This doesn't seem very secure at all, because in the html source code it shows where the ...
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### Is One Time Pad something like this? [closed]

Alphabet: [A-Z] = [0-25] Plaintext = HELLO = 7 4 11 11 14 // QUESTION: do this key must be as long as plaintext? KEY: [QWERT] KEY = 16 23 4 17 19 Plaintext + Key = 23 27 15 28 33 Plaintext + Key (...