# All Questions

240 views

### ECDSA: How to retrieve a non-random k

I have a question regarding the random $k$ number of ECDSA encryption. As far as I know, it is possible to retrieve $k$ (and thus the private key) from two signed messages if both used the same $k$. ...
39k views

### RSA encryption with private key and decryption with a public key

When using the RSA cryptosystem, does it still work if you instead encrypt with the private key and decrypt with the public key? What about in the case of using RSA for sender authentication?
176 views

### RSA encryption and signature padding flaw

This is Oxford's computer security exam question: Suppose that Bob has published an RSA encryption key $ke$ (retaining in secret the corresponding decryption key $kd$), and Alice has published a ...
423 views

### Security of a security protocol for key exchange, using symmetric-key cryptography

This is an exam question: $A \to B$: Alice, $nonce_A$ $B \to A$: $nonce_B$, $E_{k_{AB}}(nonce_A \| k_1)$ $A \to B$: $E_{k_{AB}}(nonce_B \| k_2)$ Alice and Bob both compute $k_s$ = $k_1$ xor $k_2$ ...
439 views

### What differences between Menezes–Vanstone ECC and ElGamal ECC?

After researching ECC encryption, I found that we can use ElGamal cryptosystem with elliptic curve and can we use Menezes-Vanstone cryptosystem with elliptic curve. What is the essential difference ...
397 views

### Prime factorization of RSA modulus

Consider RSA public-key encryption with public modulus $N=3953$. Suppose we know that the public keys $e_1=337$ and $e_2=23$ correspond with the decryption information $d_1=3385$ and $d_2=2663$. ...
1k views

143 views

### What is a Message Transmission Scheme?

I've been given as an exercise to show an encryption scheme that is CCA-secure but is not a secure message transmission scheme. What is a message transmission scheme, and how does it differ from a ...
153 views

### Rabin/RSA four possible messages?

Given this encryption method: $$f_{N,e} : Z^{*}_{N} \to QR(N)^{*};\quad f_{N,e}(x) = x ^{2e} \bmod N$$ I need to show that, for any $x_{0} \in Z^{*}_{N}$, there are four elements $x \in Z^{*}_{N}$ ...
5k views

### Calculation of time to crack SHA-256 hash

A problem is given: 1 million users are authenticated with 9-digit PIN codes (e.g. 343534643). The PIN values are stored as hash values in a database. The hash is SHA-256, and is computed as: ...
210 views

### Is differential calculus related to RSA?

I'm writing a high school math paper on RSA and I'm wondering if it's possible to relate calculus to RSA. Is calculus used for any part of RSA? It can be for proving equations/theorems, for generating ...
230 views

277 views

### XOR with constant key in CBC mode

I have a hypothetical encryption scheme where somebody uses the one-time pad in CBC mode. That is, the block cipher is $E(k, m) :=k⊕m$, and that block cipher is used in CBC mode. Now, I am assuming ...
83 views

### Definition of a Statistical Test

In Professor Boneh's online Cryptography course at Coursera, I am a little puzzled by his definition of a statistical test where he writes: A(x) = iff |#0(x) - #1(x)| <= 10.√n Now, if – as ...
165 views

### How do I express each element in a field F as a power of a primitive element?

I have a field $\mathbb F_{2^4}$, and it is represented as a residue ring of the polynomials over $\mathbb F_2$ modulo the polynomial $\beta^4 + \beta^3 + \beta^2 + \beta + 1$. I want to express ...
163 views

### El Gamal encryption scheme and symmetric encryption scheme

Consider the El Gamal encryption scheme, a symmetric encryption scheme (KG,E,D), and the following hybrid encryption scheme having an encryption algorithm that, on input a public key (G,q,g,h), where ...
2k views

### Why do some block cipher modes of operation only use encryption while others use both encryption and decryption?

In Chapter 6, Question 6.8, of his book “Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practices”, William Stalling asks: Why do some block cipher modes of operation only use encryption while ...
174 views

### CBC MAC and DES combined question?

Suppose that we want to develop a MAC scheme which is as secure as Triple-DES CBC-MAC and at the same time as efficient as Single-DES CBC-MAC. We come up with the following idea: Except the last ...
195 views

### Breaking RSA when some bits of one prime are known

RSA primes are 100 bit. You know first 80 bits of one of the primes. In this system, come up with an efficient way to decrypt the cipher-text. This was the question on my quiz. I'm not sure how ...
117 views

### Symmetric-Key Based authentication [closed]

So i've managed to answer all the other cryptography questions, but I have not come across this exam style question before, and need help.
318 views

### weaknesses in ElGamal with public key of small order

Suppose $p=29$, $\alpha = 2 \in F_p^*$ is a generator of $F_p^*$. Bob picks $d \in \{2,...,27\}$ such that $\beta = \alpha ^d=28 \pmod{29}$. He then sends his $(p,\alpha ,\beta)$ to Alice who herself ...
Say we have an encryption algorithm that encrypts data blocks of 128 bits size, and makes them cipher blocks $C = E(P)$ without chaining. Also assume there is a linearity rule for XOR: For every pair ...