# All Questions

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### can you suggest any applicayion for implementing threshold homomorphic encryption cryptosystem(Paillier cryptosystem) [closed]

I want to implement one project in multi party homomorphic encryption using paillier. Can you suggest any application for implementation.
85 views

### Repeatedly using same key on different plaintexts

Symmetric encryption: Does using the same key over and over again introduce a vulnerability? Meaning, if I transmit a different piece of plaintext encrypted with the same key every day, will an ...
108 views

### Where to store the file extension to retrieve it correctly after decryption

I am using Java to write AES-256 to encrypt various files with different extension, the problem is, where am I suppose to store the file extension so the if the data is decrypted, the file extension ...
80 views

### Inverse of a function $f_k(x) := f (x ⊕ k) ⊕ k$

$f : \{0, 1\}^4 → \{0, 1\}^4$ Given a function $f_k(x) := f (x ⊕ k) ⊕ k$, what is the inverse function $f_k^{-1}$? I could not figure out how this would be done. Thanks.
160 views

### Secure Multiparty Sum in malicious model using threshold encryption

Suppose $n$ actors each hold a plaintext $p_i$. We wish to find $\sum p_i$, without leaking any information about individual $p_i$. Any actor (or any link in the network) could be controlled by an ...
225 views

### Why sorting is needed for Meet-in-the-middle attack

The weakness of double DES, E (k1, E(k2, M)) is that Meet-in-the-middle attack is possible. When performing Meet-in-the-middle ...
99 views

### Fairness in cryptography [closed]

Two users A and B decided to share a file of same size and transfer data bit by bit. And at the end of exchange, A will have B's data and B will have A's data. Assuming, A starts to transfer the ...
51 views

### Why has SSL v3 not yet been upgraded to a higher version with stronger principles, what are the dependencies and issues to do so?

SSLv3 is almost 18 years old; why has it not been updated to a more advanced version with stronger rules and structure. What have been the issues and dependencies in doing so till now???
72 views

### What is “electronic” in electronic codebook (ECB)?

This is an honest question regarding terminology. I believe that I understand why one mode to use a block cipher is called a codebook. But I wonder why electronic as a work appears here? Is it fair ...
120 views

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### Is there any probabilistic version of RSA?

I have now studying the RSA, but I think that is it possible to have some probabilistic version like a random bit string "r" XORed with the key? Is there any probabilistic version of RSA? Thak you ...
81 views

### Prepending random data to encrypted file

If random data is prepended to a file encrypted with GNUPG's symmetric encryption, how may an attacker find out if the input file is deliberately corrupted or the passphrase is wrong? If it is not ...
75 views

### MD5 update functions

In the hashlib module in python is a function called m.update() where m is a ...
111 views

### blowfish ecb with openssl doesn't give the expected result

I do the following via the Linux CLI: ...
56 views

### HMAC_DRBG Generate Process: requesting N bytes at once different from requesting N bytes in total?

Am I correct in assuming that HMAC_DRBG would return different results if I, e.g. first request 4 bytes followed by a request of another 4 bytes instead of asking for 8 bytes at once? It seems that ...
134 views

### Database row level encryption scheme

I am wanting to secure some highly sensitive data in a database. This would mean that the data needs to be encrypted and remain secure for 100 years if it were to fall into adversary hands. I also ...
151 views

### I'm using AES-CTR as a CSPRNG - Do I need an IV?

I'm using AES128-CTR for generating pseudo-random values, which is considered secure for up to 1MB (at least from what I've read). I simply encrypt a 128-bit little-endian counter, starting from 0. ...
198 views

### How does Blowfish avoid successful cryptanalysis? [closed]

I have researched the Blowfish algorithm and am curious as to why there exists no effective cryptanalysis for this algorithm as of yet. What basic principles or features allow Blowfish to achieve ...
125 views

### A variant of Shamir secret sharing

Suppose implement the Shamir secret sharing as following: we select a degree $d$ polynomial $P$ with a zero coefficient of 0, and all other coefficents selected randomly from $Z_p$; and to this ...
101 views

### Known-plaintext attack on two-dimensional affine cipher

Problem: We have a two-dimensional affine cipher with $n = 2,\,\,\,\mathcal{P} = \mathcal{C} = {\mathbb{F}_{16}^2}$, where $\mathcal{K} = \{ A,\,\,b\}$ and $b = (0,0)$. The encryption and decryption ...
98 views

### Brute Force Attack Strategies

A Brute Force Attack obviously involves attempting to decrypt ciphertext (with the associated plaintext being known) using all possible encryption keys. Aside from attempting all possible ...
215 views

### what is the difference between IBE and ABE schemes

Can somebody explain in simple words. real life example light help and limitations of these schemes etc.
275 views

### Why would an RSA library tell me that the public key must be at least 512 bits in size?

I'm trying to interoperate with a web service by reverse-engineering it. Currently, when sending a POST request, it encrypts the form data one-by-one with a 'RSA' function. But it's rather weird as ...
159 views

### Does NTRU provide Perfect Forward Secrecy?

Does NTRU provide Perfect Forward Secrecy if the world would use it in an HTTPS connection?
78 views

### How can one generate pairs/triplets/…/n-ary MD5 collisions

Is there a way to generate n strings with the same MD5 hash?
416 views

### DES with the bitwise complement of a key

I was reading upon Biham and Shamir's paper and a fact has been presented over there: if $P_1 = \bar P_2$ and I choose a key $K_1 = \bar K_2$ then in that case $$T_1 = DES(P_1, K_1)$$ T_2 = ...
521 views

### How is HMAC hashed message decrypted on the receiver side

We know that MAC algorithm and key are used in both sender and receiver side to get the matching MAC tages to prove that the data is authentic. Now in HMAC we know that, it makes use of crytographic ...
44 views

### FSB Hash Functions and Convetional hash Functions

I'm reading FSB cryptographic hash function and the authors say that security of this function depends on NP-Complete Problem: "Decoding Linear Code Unlike most other cryptographic hash functions in ...
225 views

### Homomorphic Encryption: how does the equality test on ciphertexts work?

Let's suppose we have a asymmetric crypto-system $H$ which is homomorphic with respect to some function $F$. Alice encrypts a message $m$ with her private key $e$ in the crypto-system $H$ and ...
305 views

### Encryption and HMAC key derivation

I'm deriving keys from a user-supplied passphrase for symmetric encryption using AES-256 in CBC mode with a HMAC for authenticity/integrity. My key derivation function currently looks like this: ...
430 views

### One-time pad, zero key and Shannon

I'm supposed to prove that OTP without the zero key $k=0^n$ is not perfectly secret anymore. I understand that it's not because an attacker learns something by looking at the plaintext and ciphertext. ...
228 views

### Is this EdDSA modification secure?

I am hoping to employ a signed set membership system which is valid iff each signer's contribution to the set is present. The system should allow for two or more mutually exclusive signed sets to be ...
189 views

### RSA Proof - Is Z(n) closed under multiplication

In RSA proof it can be proved that $\mathbb{Z}^*_n$ is closed under multiplication. Can it be also proved that $\mathbb{Z}_n$ is closed under multiplication? If yes, then how?
64 views

### What cryptographic paradigm is appropriate for this use case?

This is a very newbie question... I have to quickly implement a solution for our application that works like this... We have a binary executable that is given a configuration file. I need to encrypt ...
87 views

### Spurious keys filter [closed]

Is there any possible way to filter a key space in a crypto-system to get a set of keys that decrypts out a valid text (text that is in same language or readable)? I tried a random approach and got ...
428 views

### Decrypting a small Message using RSA with a Private Key [closed]

If I have a private key of (43, 341). What would be the steps I need to take to decrypt a small message using RSA? I have looked ...
74 views

### encrypting data signals using the time variations between two independent coupling functions [closed]

There was a recent article about a new encryption technique that encrypts "using the time variations between two independent coupling functions". What is this technique they are referring to?
63 views

### Operation sequence authentication shared storage

Let's say there is a shared storage: USB flash drive, external HDD, or whatever you like. I'll refer to it as disk. Also, there are multiple parties, let's say Alice and Bob (may be thousands of them) ...
103 views

### Is substitution with random prefix codes secure? [closed]

The following paper interests me very much: D. W. Gillman, M. Mohtashemi, R. I. Rivest, On breaking a Huffman code. IEEE Trans. Inf. Th. Vol.42 (1996), pp 972-976. However, unfortunately due to my ...