# All Questions

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### Affine cipher: calculate the key from a known plaintext/ciphertext pair

Suppose I have a ciphertext that I know is encrypted using an affine cipher in $\mathbb{Z}_{26}$. The plaintext begins with es and the corresponding ciphertext is ...
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### Pailler encryption of small integers to 32-bit integers

I want to encrypt very small integers in the range 0-44 using the Paillier cryptosystem. Is there a way to select p, ...
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### Diffie Hellman Exponentiation Implementation Problem

im trying to work on key agreement schemas on embeded systems. for diffie hellman, ive written a 256 bit multiplication, on AVR core it takes about 2 seconds on 1Mhz frequency, lets say my algorithm ...
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### If someone had a list of all primes, would it be possible for them to factor any integer in polynomial time? [duplicate]

For example, if they somehow got a function that would churn out any arbitrary amount of primes in a row. Could they break the RSA problem then?
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### New Gmail login system—going against conventional wisdom? [migrated]

I noticed that the new gmail login asks for username first, and then confirms if such username exists, before asking for password input. Does this not go against conventional security wisdom to not ...
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### PyCrypto export/import of signature [migrated]

created a client-server application with sockets and I am trying to transfer the signature from client to server. I convert it from tuple to string and then back to tuple. But signing stops working. ...
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### Key derivation design to avoid key leaks

I have the first function that generates keys from AES decryption (128-bit key). It takes seed as input: ...
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### Why does spiped use both nonces and ephemeral keys?

Colin Percival's spiped utility uses a pre-shared key and Diffie-Hellman with ephemeral keys to provide forward secrecy. The protocol is summarized in the ...
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### How to map a handful of numbers in a large range to a much smaller range deterministically without collissions

I want to map a set of long integers (say around 100 different values) that can span the entire 64 bit integer range to a much smaller range such as from 0 to 25000 deterministically with almost zero ...
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### Does “identity-based dynamic threshold signature” exist and could such scheme contain a “Signature Combination” algorithm?

I came across [1] and I'm very puzzled by this paper. They use a building block which they call "identity-based dynamic threshold (IBDT) signature", citing paper [2]. First of all [2] does use this ...
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### Can I place a private key on a sim card? [migrated]

After google searching about this idea and yielding very little in results I've come to resort to stack exchange: Is it possible to place a private key on a sim card? Is it possible for a smart ...
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### If a DES key correctly decrypts one message, what's the probability it's the real key?

Suppose an adversary gets a message-ciphertext pair $(M,C)$, where $C=DES_K(M)$. They do an exhaustive key reach to locate the lexicographically first key $T$ for which $C=DES_T(M)$. What's the ...
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### What crypto scheme should I use on embedded m2m system with assymetric uplink/downlink bandwidth?

I am working on implementing info security into custom m2m radiolink communication system, which has some restrictions: MCU based endpoint can transmit to gateway with packets max 16 bytes long, and ...
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I read about zero knowledge proofs. Let's say you want to create an account at a website. You choose a password $p$ and from $p$ you derive deterministically a public & private key pair $(e,d)$ ...
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### arithmetic calculation problem to quadratic arithmetic program

I am reading the Pinocchio paper (verifiable computation): http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/180286/pinocchio.pdf The paper is rather hard for me. I am considering this calculation problem: ...
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### Are more S boxes more secure in a SP-Network?

The classic DES uses 8 different fixed S boxes. If computer memory was not an issue, would say 800 different S boxes be more secure? I'm thinking of a SP-network that would only run on a server like ...
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### Known plaintext attack to CFB mode

How does a known plaintext attack on a block cipher in CFB mode work? I only see the following: If an attacker knows the plaintext $P_i$ he can recover the key $K_i = C_i \mathbin{\oplus} P_i$ from a ...
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### Figure 2 in the Verifiable Computation - Pinocchio

I am reading the Pinocchio paper (verifiable computation): http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/180286/pinocchio.pdf The paper is rather hard for me. For the Figure 2, I guess $v_1(x)$ should be ...
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### Montgomery Reduction

I'm taking a hardware cryptography class and working on a problem that focuses on Montgomery Reduction. So by definition: Computing a x b (mod N) Pick R, s.t. R > N, gcd (R,N) = 1 Compute N^-1 ...
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### How to Exchange Random Coin Flips between Two Untrusted Parties [duplicate]

I'm not sure if this belongs here, but my friend and I were wondering if there was a good algorithm to exchange random coin flips to make some random decision between two untrusted parties without the ...
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### Is there are code hidden in Wired Magazine's December 2014 Issue?

There seem to be several hints that there's more to Wired Magazine, December 2014 (Issue 22.12) that meets the eye. In his Letter from the Editor, Scott Dadich says: I’ll refrain from spoiling ...
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### Swap $x$ and $k$ in GGM construction

I'm studying the Goldreich-Goldwasser-Micali construction from pseudo-random generators to pseudo-random functions. In this specific construction, assume $G:\{0,1\}^n\rightarrow \{0,1\}^{2n}$ is a ...
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### Common Modulus Attack in RSA

Consider the following scenario: The Information Security Department (ISD) of an organization issues each of the organization's employees, domestic and abroad, with an individual RSA key. To simplify ...
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### Generating interactive, secure multiple ECC key pairs deterministically

In Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) assuming user A has a private public key pair of $S$, $P$ accordingly with generator point $G$ which as we know is: $$P=S*G$$ Assuming that user A wants to ...
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