# All Questions

145 views

### RFC3447 OBJECT IDENTIFIER semantic

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#appendix-B.1 ...
66 views

### Key escrow on indistinguishability games

Does it mean that when PPT attacker is breaking an indistinguishable based (equivalent with semantic security) game with non negligible probability that he is able to infer the secret keys either on ...
471 views

### What benefits do substitution boxes and permutation boxes offer in DES?

I understand that with more encryption rounds the more complex the ciphertext becomes due to multiple substitutions and permutations. What I don't understand is the purpose of these features. I am ...
272 views

### How can I do minus on plaintexts in the Paillier cryptosystem?

We have $E(a)$, $E(b)$ encrypted under the same Paillier key. As we all know, we can get $E(a+b)$ by calculating $E(a)*E(b)$. But can we get $E(a-b)$, by calculating $E(a)/E(b)$? I tried to ...
315 views

### Correctness vs Completeness

What is the conceptual difference between the definition of correctness and completeness in verifiable cryptographic protocols? They justify that if a statement is correct then the verification should ...
326 views

### Strength and weaknesses of this JavaScript charCodeAt based login script

I know of a company on their website who are using this very basic password login page written in JavaScript. This doesn't seem very secure at all, because in the html source code it shows where the ...
182 views

### Roots of polynomial in Shamir secret sharing

I need to know whether one can obtain any roots of the polynomial in Shamir secret sharing if he possesses less than threshold shares. For instance in (t,n) if he has t-1 shares can he obtain any ...
191 views

### EC Public Key length in ASN.1 DER

I have two X.509 certificates in DER format. A: ...
291 views

Is there any consensus (i.e. are there any research results) on the benefits and drawbacks of various padding schemes? Generally there seem to be two kinds of them: random paddings, like ISO10126 ...
244 views

### Is Rabin's cryptosystem secure against known-plaintext attacks?

I've bee learning about Rabin's cryptosystem, and I already know that Rabin's cryptosystem is vulnerable to a chosen-ciphertext attack, but I was wondering, is it also vulnerable against ...
74 views

### Data I/O operations for encrypted files

I need to implement a simple approach on a Linux system to encrypt/decrypt data and I would appreciate any feedback from you. Basically, I need to change a bit the behavior of the functions ...
196 views

### Equal length of primes in paillier cryptosystem

In the key generation step of paillier cryptosystem , In order to satisfy $\gcd(pq,(p-1)(q-1))=1$ , we can take equal length primes. Instead of taking(length as parameter to generate $p,q$) equal ...
134 views

### What is the most secure key expansion routine?

I am looking at G now, but is there a better, (in terms of security and speed), means by which a byte array can be expanded that doesn't involve another cipher, just a simple algorithm? I need to ...
120 views

### ECIES: Purpose of MAC?

Assumptions: $A$ wants to communicate with $B$ $A$ knows a public key $P_B$ which is trusted by a third party and belongs to $B$ $A$ knows the address of someone who pretends to be $B$ $A$ wants ...
392 views

### Are SSL/TLS used for maintaining data confidentiality?

In SSL/TLS, we use symmetric and asymmetric keys to encrypt the data. Does that mean that the keys are used to encrypt the data (preserve the integrity) or provide a secure channel for the data to be ...
69 views

### Is MAC algorithm same at both sender and receiver end

The MAC algortihm which is used along with a secret key to generate a MAC tag on the sender end ,is it same at the receiver end also who again uses a MAC algorithm to generate a tag? If yes, then how ...
135 views

### Privacy-Preserving relational databases: checking the existence of a record (or multiple records)

I would like to know if there exists a protocol which performs the following operation in a privacy-preserving fashion: User $U$ wants to know whether a record is stored in the database. The primary ...
2k views

### Is SHA related to AES or TLS in any way

I have been reading about SHA-2 family and I found a lot of in depth details, but I am confused about how it is related to TLS and AES. TLS encrypts data between server and client, but does it make ...
99 views

### Counter Mode: how to choose the nonce part of the counter? [duplicate]

Suppose: The "counter field" is about: NONCE || CTR-VALUE. I have multiples messages $M_a, M_b, M_c, \dots$ Each message can be divided into x-bits blocks ($M_{a1}, M_{a2}, M_{a3}, \dots$). Each ...
86 views

### Private Key - Memory Lifecycle

I often heard about private key storage, but rarely about key life cycle in memory. For example, when SSL is used from one peer, the private key is used to sign messages or decrypt other peers' ...
114 views

### public key delivery without third party

I am currently working on an anonymous P2P file sharing application and I am elaborating some already existing solutions. Some of them allegedly provide point-to-point encryption using RSA ...
147 views

### Rate my idea: is that a stronger GPG-like algorithm?

I came up with a simple idea but I don't know if it is really secure or not. I know that you shouldn't create any algorithm on your own. I'm just curious, that's all. Algorithm explanation: First ...
269 views

### Importance of salt when deriving an encryption key

I'm very curious to know this and a bit confuses too: Suppose, I have two files encrypted using AES-128bit with keys PBKDF2-derived from the same password and the same salt. If an attacker does ...
97 views

### Generate Finite Field power of g

consider the field $\mathbb{F}_{2^4}$, defined by using polynomial representation with the irreducible polynomial $f(x) = x^4 + x + 1$. Given element $g = (0010)$ as a generator for the field, How ...
252 views

### SHA1 collision event probability after n iterations

There are String1 and String2 - some variables-strings. The probability of collision for different ...
75 views

### Fiat-Shamir security problem question

I am trying to understand the Fiat-Shamir identification protocol, but have a problem with understanding how this protocol is supposed to be save, even if you repeat it several times. I am using ...
138 views

### Are those RSA keys flawed?

I used rsa-json.native to generate RSA keys for a node.js application that will use secure-peer later to connect two clients with each other. Now I have 2 questions: In secure-peer/index.js I've ...
318 views

### Attack on a key-exchange,symmetric-key cryptography protocol

This is an exam question in Oxford 's Computer Security course: Here is the start of a protocol, based on a long-term secret key $k_{AB}$ previously shared between Alice and Bob, designed to offer ...
175 views

### Modulo properties of two prime numbers

I am supposed to prove that x = y mod (p*q) <=> x = y mod p and x = y mod q with p and q are prime numbers. It somewhat sounds reasonable to me, but unfortunately I don't have any clue how to prove ...
134 views

### Encryption time in ECC

In RSA, encryption time is usually much less than decryption time due to having a small public exponent. Can this be achieved in Elliptic Curve Crypto (ECC)?
114 views

### How does this SSL-related flaw work?

I just saw a video at CNN in which it is claimed that, if the server isn't generating a random public key, the server can be hacked. First how HTTPS works… to be sure I’m on the same page: Server ...
156 views

### Understanding math behind RSA key derivation [duplicate]

I was reading through the key derivation for RSA. Here are the steps per wiki - Select strong primes $p$ and $q$ such that $pq = n$ $\phi(n)$ = $(p-1)(q-1)$ select $e$ such that $e$ and $\phi(n)$ ...
74 views

### Security assessment between $g^{a_ix_i+r_i}$ and $g^{x_i+r_i}$ [closed]

Imagine a tagging system whose security requirements imply to learn nothing from the tag about the encoded value. We consider a plaintext space $X \in \mathbb{Z}_p$ and a group $\mathbb{G}$ where ...
72 views

### How exactly are PRNG's used to encrypt material, and what makes one any more secure than the other?

I hope my question isn't as lazy as the title indicates. What I want to ask is how people literally integrate a PRNG with encrypting material. I wrote a silly little script in Python a while back ...
185 views

### Breaking RSA when some bits of one prime are known

RSA primes are 100 bit. You know first 80 bits of one of the primes. In this system, come up with an efficient way to decrypt the cipher-text. This was the question on my quiz. I'm not sure how ...
99 views

### Initialize the eight working variables SHA256

I have a little confusion in understanding explanation of SHA256 by FIPS a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h are being initialized as (this is what i don't understand) 2 . ...
340 views

### How to retrieve the plaintext of a substitution ciphertext?

So the other day, I was piqued by a ciphertext that was trivially encoded through substitution. Solvable only because we can use our eyes to determine word boundary word detection, etc. Trawling the ...
80 views

### On modeling a random oracle hash function which maps $\mathbb{G}_1 \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_2$

How can one model a random oracle hash function which maps $\mathbb{G}_1 \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_2$? (Assume $\mathbb{G}_1$ and $\mathbb{G}_2$ to be additive and multiplicative groups of prime order ...
88 views

### Can N, q be shared for multiple users when using SRP-6A

Is it considered bad practice to use the same N and q parameters for all users in an SRP-6A based authentication system? I know that q MUST be a Sophie Germain prime and N a safe prime, but can they ...
55 views

### How is an X.509 public key used for TLS?

Wikipedia's TLS article says: The client responds with a ClientKeyExchange message, which may contain a PreMasterSecret, public key, or nothing. (Again, this depends on the selected cipher.) This ...
174 views

### Can 64-bit “PRINCEcore” practically be brute forced?

There is a cipher called PRINCE proposed in ASIACRYPT two years ago. See the paper: “PRINCE – A Low-latency Block Cipher for Pervasive Computing Applications” The cipher divides the 128-bit key into ...
177 views

### How do you test the security of your cipher? [closed]

I got asked this question and I didn't know what to answer. How do you test the security of your cipher? What comes to my mind now would be to test it with famous attacks: padding attacks, ...
71 views

### Why does knowing the number of points on a curve help solve ECCDLP?

Perhaps, this is a really obvious question, but I am still having trouble understanding how this all fits together. Why is knowing the number of points on an Elliptic Curve helpful in cracking it? ...
112 views

### Timestamping using a hashed linked list and public known events

Let's say we have a timestamping scheme of the following characteristics, The hashes of the documents we are trying to timestamp are XOR'ed with "events" whose time of occurrence are very publicly ...
173 views

### What's the entropy of the output for Tiger Encryption?

I'm tasked to apply tiger encryption to my string(key). Does anyone have any idea how to find the entropy of the hex output by tiger encryption?
69 views

### Using beginning of TLS ecnrypted data to reveal secret [duplicate]

I have the following question about TLS security: Assume TLS-PSK protected HTTP with AES256-CBC cipher. When a TLS connection is established, client sends some encrypted data, where the plaintext is ...
203 views

### Key construction in the Full Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem

The Full Cramer-Shoup Encryption scheme needs to choose six random numbers from $\mathbb{Z}_q$, which we denote them by $x_1,x_2,y_1,y_2,z_1,z_2$. Then the scheme hides these random numbers in the ...
87 views

### Is a tweakable block cipher still considered deterministic in nature?

"a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key. - Wikipedia " But with a ...
Referring to both Wikipedia page and ECDSA-cert paper I can understand that, given $\mathcal{E} = \mathcal{E}(a,\,b,\,\mathbb{F}_{2^m})$ as our elliptic curve on $\mathbb{F}_{2^m}$ group \$G \in ...