# All Questions

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### Connections between Instance Hiding and Fully Homomorphic Encryption

Another approach taken by researchers for carrying out computations over encrypted data is Instance Hiding. In brief, If a user wants to outsource the computation of a function for a particular input ...
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### Triple-DES Brute Force

Shannon's paper states: A system is pure if all keys are equally likely and if for any three transformations, $T_i$, $T_j$, $T_k$ in the set, the product $T_iT_j^{-1}T_k$ is also a ...
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Looking at the first step of AES encryption I see that we XOR the key with the plaintext block. Why is the actual key involved at all, why not just use the round keys derived from the key schedule?
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### Addition with Shamir secret sharing

When performing Shamir secret sharing I'm trying to find $z_i$, such that $z = x + y$. Where $n = 6$ and $t = 3$. I believe this would be the correct solution (correct me if I'm wrong): Each party ...
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### Is encrypting a single 128 bit block with AES ECB “safe”

I want to encrypt a small piece of data that is less that 16 bytes in size (think SSN), and I'll be using a 256bit encryption key. The typical suggestion is to never use ECB, but if there is just a ...
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### How to learn the first bit of m in padded RSA

Consider the following version of padded RSA encryption, where encryption of $m$ is done by setting $m′ = (0^k~||~r~||~00000000~||~m)$ for a random $r$ (of length 8 btyes = 64 bits) and then computing ...
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### What's the probable usage of Interlock Protocol

I've recently read some articles about the Interlock Protocol, Article by Ron Rivest and Adi Shamir. I'm wondering if it is possible to protect Key-exchange under Public-Key cryptography from the ...
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### Can prepending “junk” be equivalent to an IV when encrypting using CBC?

We are encrypting a small positive integer (1-1000) with a constant key using AES256 encryption. We are considering two approaches to make this secure; use an initial vector (which we then need to ...
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### How secure is passing a MAC to Python's random.seed before using random.choice to generate a MAC?

I'd like to use Python's random.choice seeded with a HMAC-SHA1 tag to generate a MAC encoded in a variable set of chars. ...
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### PKC McEliece + $S$ + $P$ [closed]

I am trying implement the McEliece crytosystem in SAGE. My question is How I will be able to choose the appropriate matrix $S$ and $P$?. I ask this because when I trying obtain the vector $\hat{m}=mS$ ...
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### GPG and PAR2 error correction data from the plain archive, will it compromise security?

I have the following scenario: Archives compressed with 7z, hundreds of MiB in size GPG to encrypt the archives (binary, without ASCII armor) PAR2 to create error correction data Question 1. ...
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### Why exactly is Blowfish faster than AES?

I've not been able to understand exactly the reason behind Blowfish being faster than AES. Is it dependent on the block size? Or is it processor dependent? (if Yes, then lets assume that AES ...
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### Why is $h(H, m) = E(m, H) \oplus m$ insecure?

I am taking a cryptography class on Coursera. I learned that the compression function $h(H, m) = E_m(H) \oplus m$ is insecure (even though other variants like Davies­-Meyer or Miyaguchi-Preneel are ...
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### Why are the Davies-Meyer and Miyaguchi-Preneel constructions secure?

The Davies-Meyer compression function $h(H, m) = E_m(H) \oplus H$ is said to be secure. So too is the Miyaguchi-Preneel compression function $h(H, m) = E_m(H) \oplus m \oplus H$. Why are these ...
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### Is there a way to use Shamir Secret Sharing with updatable data?

I want to divide a system that maintains these properties, based on Shamir's Secret Sharing: A secret key is split up to N pieces, where T of them are enough to reconstruct the key. The original key ...
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### May the problem with DES using OFB mode be generalized for all feistel ciphers

There is a problem with using DES as the block cipher in OFB mode, eg: the feedback that goes back into the next round will be encrypted with the same key $k$ resulting back into the plaintext IV used ...
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### Perfect secrecy and change of plaintext probability distributions

How to prove that if a cryptosystem has perfect secrecy for a given plaintext probability distribution then it will have perfect secrecy for all other possible plaintext probability distributions? Do ...
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### Correct way to map random number to defined range?

Say that we have a secure random number generation that outputs 32 bit random numbers, so it's output is a true random number between 0 and a MAX. What is the best way to map this random number to a ...
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### DLP based crypto systems with multiple independent generators

One example of a DLP based crypto system (or rather DDH based crypto system) where the public key parameters include two independent generators of the subgroup, is Cramer Shoup. Since the security ...
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### Correct way to truncate data to a range [duplicate]

2 hours ago I thought I had this figured out, but now I am doubting myself and want someone to validate my algorithm. I want to take a stream of k trusted random ...
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### decryption many time pad [duplicate]

I have eleven ciphertexts that were encrypted with the same key (which I don't know). I want to decrypt the last ciphertext. I read similar question like Many time pad attack but I can't solve my ...
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### Is there an existing AEAD scheme with minimal IV requirements?

Is there an existing AEAD scheme such that, for inputs with the same AD and IV ciphertexts are allowed to leak whether or not their plaintexts are equal, if the scheme can process the plaintext in a ...
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### Do I need to know the “mode of operation” to decrypt a message encrypted with a block cipher?

If I have received an AES encrypted message, and if I do know the key with which it was encrypted, do I also need to know the mode of operation with which it was encrypted in order to decrypt it? My ...