# All Questions

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### How to retrieve the plaintext of a substitution ciphertext?

So the other day, I was piqued by a ciphertext that was trivially encoded through substitution. Solvable only because we can use our eyes to determine word boundary word detection, etc. Trawling the ...
80 views

### On modeling a random oracle hash function which maps $\mathbb{G}_1 \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_2$

How can one model a random oracle hash function which maps $\mathbb{G}_1 \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_2$? (Assume $\mathbb{G}_1$ and $\mathbb{G}_2$ to be additive and multiplicative groups of prime order ...
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### Can N, q be shared for multiple users when using SRP-6A

Is it considered bad practice to use the same N and q parameters for all users in an SRP-6A based authentication system? I know that q MUST be a Sophie Germain prime and N a safe prime, but can they ...
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### How is an X.509 public key used for TLS?

Wikipedia's TLS article says: The client responds with a ClientKeyExchange message, which may contain a PreMasterSecret, public key, or nothing. (Again, this depends on the selected cipher.) This ...
174 views

### Can 64-bit “PRINCEcore” practically be brute forced?

There is a cipher called PRINCE proposed in ASIACRYPT two years ago. See the paper: “PRINCE – A Low-latency Block Cipher for Pervasive Computing Applications” The cipher divides the 128-bit key into ...
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### How do you test the security of your cipher? [closed]

I got asked this question and I didn't know what to answer. How do you test the security of your cipher? What comes to my mind now would be to test it with famous attacks: padding attacks, ...
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### Why does knowing the number of points on a curve help solve ECCDLP?

Perhaps, this is a really obvious question, but I am still having trouble understanding how this all fits together. Why is knowing the number of points on an Elliptic Curve helpful in cracking it? ...
112 views

### Timestamping using a hashed linked list and public known events

Let's say we have a timestamping scheme of the following characteristics, The hashes of the documents we are trying to timestamp are XOR'ed with "events" whose time of occurrence are very publicly ...
173 views

### What's the entropy of the output for Tiger Encryption?

I'm tasked to apply tiger encryption to my string(key). Does anyone have any idea how to find the entropy of the hex output by tiger encryption?
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### Using beginning of TLS ecnrypted data to reveal secret [duplicate]

I have the following question about TLS security: Assume TLS-PSK protected HTTP with AES256-CBC cipher. When a TLS connection is established, client sends some encrypted data, where the plaintext is ...
204 views

### Key construction in the Full Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem

The Full Cramer-Shoup Encryption scheme needs to choose six random numbers from $\mathbb{Z}_q$, which we denote them by $x_1,x_2,y_1,y_2,z_1,z_2$. Then the scheme hides these random numbers in the ...
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### Is a tweakable block cipher still considered deterministic in nature?

"a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key. - Wikipedia " But with a ...
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### Using cryptographic hash to match AES key size

I am making a tool for myself where I intend to store cipher text. I wish to use AES together with arbitrary sized keys to create these cipher text strings. The idea is to use a cryptographic hash ...
453 views

### Shamir's ID based signatures

I am currently implementing Shamir's ID based signature algorithm as proposed in Adi Shamir, Identity-Based Cryptosystems and Signature Schemes. Advances in Cryptology: Proceedings of CRYPTO 84, ...
159 views

### Cryptanalysis of an certain algorithm

Is an attacker of an cryptographic algorithm allowed to change order of sub-keys but not changing their number in attack? Would it be called an attack on broken algorithm of cipher?
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### when to do elgamal exponentiation computation

Recetly while studying about cryptographic primtives, I have come across below line in wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ElGamal_encryption Encryption under ElGamal requires two exponentiations; ...
82 views

### Secret key model for a compression function cryptanalysis?

How do we analyze the security of a compression function in the secret key model? More formally, let $H$ be a hash function and $F(IV,M)$ its compression function. Suppose we generate a MAC as ...
211 views

### Regain 3DES ECB key, assuming I have both encrypted and decrypted text

Let's assume I've encrypted some text with some 24-byte key using 3DES in ECB mode. Is it possible to regain the key if I have both encrypted and decrypted text? (Excluding bruteforce.)
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### Attack on BB84 algorithm for quantum key exchange?

I have a question which is related to the BB84 cryptosystem. We are not able to send single photons so instead we send $K$ photons at a time all with the same polarization. An enemy can separate one ...
191 views

### Time complexity to solve Discrete log problem

What is the time to complexity to solve Discrete log problem now in $Z_p$? Initially for $n$ bit prime $p$, it was $Exp(n^{1/3})$.
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### Is OCB with short MAC malleable?

At the beginning of OCB's white paper [pdf], OCB is compared to other modes, and non-malleability is one of the properties advertised. At the end of the paper, it is mentioned the MAC length can be ...
157 views

### Does the key schedule function need to be a one-way function?

For some key schedule $e_n(e_{n-1}(k))$ (where $e_{n-1}(k)$ is the result of the previous round) , does $e$ need to be a one-way function? In the case of DES or Rijndael the key schedule doesn't ...
140 views

### How to use HKDF to combine two keys

I have heard that to combine two keys HKDF is better than using XOR function. But if you look at the HKDF RFC I could not figure out how to use it for concatenating two keys. What I can see is HKDF ...
392 views

### Attacks against El Gamal private key

El Gamal encryption involves picking $(p,g,b)$ which is our public key. We compute $b=a^x$ $mod$ $p$. Here, $x$ is the private key which we don't know. What are some efficient and strong algorithms ...