All Questions

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Indistinguishability attack example

I want solve the next exercise. The author defined the experiment for the cryptosystem $\Pi$, the adversary $A$ and the security parameter $n$ as follows $\mathsf{PRIV_{EAV}}(\Pi,A,n)$ The ...
508 views

Is it worth applying a MAC on data in a HSM?

I'm building a basic HSM out of an Arduino, and am using the following scheme to store data: Master symmetric key $k_m$ stored in firmware (secure bit set to prevent trivial extraction). Secondary ...
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Efficient algorithm for remainder calculation over prime field for ECC implementation?

I am working on 224-bit elliptic curve cryptography. In this 224-bit * 224-bit multiplication results 448-bit output. I am reducing 448-bit into prime field range( prime number $2^{224}-2^{96}+1$) ...
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Partial decryption of large file in AES-GCM (or other modes)?

Lets assume a 4gig file that is internally made of 1 million pages of 4k bytes each (page). the file was originally AES-GCM encrypted these pages (or entire file) lives across the internet i.e. ...
638 views

Why are RSA keys encoded with ASN.1 for TLS?

Browser vendors use ASN.1 encoding for RSA certificates in the TLS protocol. RSA public keys are just a number, so why do we need encode them to something else? That increases the risk of security ...
568 views

File encryption with one keypair?

I'm working on a program that uses an ECC keypair in a (password protected) PKCS12 file (.pfx) to encrypt files. I like this method because I think it will be higher security (using ECDH to negotiate ...
297 views

Is there a problem with constructing a CSPRNG using MD5 or SHA1?

Is there any security concerns with building a CSPRNG using a broken hash function like MD5 or SHA1? The design is such that a CRC-like function is used for mixing entropy and MD5 is used as the ...
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One-way function and factoring

I am confused about the hardness of the one-way function behind cryptography -- if someone could factor the large number produced back into two primes quickly then the one-way function would be ...
358 views

Verifying the integrity of ciphertext using the cleartext hash?

I want to be able to verify the integrity of a ciphertext by providing the cleartext hash, for this to work it would need to: $$hash(crypt(cleartext)) = f(hash(cleartext))$$ Where $f$ is an ...
1k views

The use of cribs [closed]

I'm looking to incorporate more crib usage in breaking ciphers in unknown enciphering schemes, or at least to gleam what information I may. This seems to be a big hurdle to me, and I'm looking for ...
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Size of Pre-Master Secret?

I am implementing TLS 1.2 and using cipher ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 According to RFC 5346 Section 8.1 length of premaster secret will vary depending on key exchange method. So, what is the ...
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Scalar Multiplication for Elliptic Curve

Let $\mathbb{E}$ be the elliptic curve $y^2 = x^3 + 6x \text{ mod } 11$ and consider the point $P = (2, 3)$ on it. How do I compute $3P$? I have been able to figure out what $2P$ is, $2P = (5,10)$. ...
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Can a compressed checksum be considered unique

I'm kind of guessing that the answer may be no. Since the compression is trying to reduce the output size using various optimization methods, this may cancel the properties of a hash algorithm. But ...
433 views

What is the random tape?

I am reading the paper "Toward plaintext-aware public-key encryption without random oracles" by Bellare and Palacio. So I can't understand what is the tape and random tape?
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Why does Carter-Wegman MAC have 2n-bit output?

The Coursera course on Cryptography 1 has a section about Carter-Wegman MAC. Here is the image of slide: Now my question is both $F$ and $S$ output $n$-bit strings. We XOR two $n$-bit strings and we ...
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Access control problem in oblivious transfer

I am not sure whether the title is proper or not, but this question comes to my mind when I was reading $k-n$ oblivious transfers. In a $k-n$ oblivious transfer (OT) protocol, a party A has $n$ ...
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How is the base64 encoded signature in Craig Wright's proof constructed?

Mr. Craig S. Wright might be Satoshi Nakamoto - the inventor of bitcoin. He is currently proving the case. But how is the base64 encoded proof, that is published by himself on his blog post ...
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How is decryption done in AES CTR mode?

Since AES CTR mode uses a unique IV and counter to produce the key to XOR with the plain text to get the ciphertext, the question is so as to how decryption is done. Since AES CTR produces a ...
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SHA256(RsaPrivateKey) == AES key?

I have an RSA private key (more specifically, an SSH key in Putty format, 4096bit) and want to use its SHA256 hash as an AES256 key, instead of using an independent newly generated AES key. Are ...
84 views

Homomorphic Encryption or not

I am a beginner to homomorphic encryption scheme. As far as I think, it is just a kind of concealing real value without using standard encryption algorithms such as AES,DES or RSA. For example , for ...
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Disk encryption using AES-CBC: is reliance on previous block data a downside?

I have seen drives that boast that they use AES with CBC mode, which doesn't really make sense in my opinion, sure it's more secure than ECB (but actually, leaving security aside, ECB is better suited ...
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McEliece variants that support signatures

Besides the Niederreiter cryptosystem, are there any other variants that support digital signatures? Can any of them sign arbitrary signatures unlike the Niederreiter cryptosystem? What are the key ...
72 views

How can public key not reverse encryption if the algorithm is known? [duplicate]

I've been reading about WhatsApp getting "end-to-end" encryption, and when reading about it, I've notice something. If I want to send a message from cell $A$ to cell $B$, since there's a public key, ...
73 views

Shamir secret sharing: calculate rest of shares when you know secret and one share

Using Shamir secret sharing, one is starting with a secret and end up with a number of shares based on a polynomial. For example: INPUT: secret: 123456 Shares:4 ...
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Factoring large $N$ given oracle to find square roots modulo $N$

When $p$ and $q$ are distinct odd primes and $N = pq$, the points in $\mathbb Z_N^\ast$ have either zero or four square roots. A quarter of the points have four square roots; the rest have no ...
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How succeptible to accidental collision is the construct sha256(uuid4 + now) in Python?

I need 32 byte pseudorandom sequences that denote unique filenames and am currently using this Python code: ...
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Say party A wants to make sure they are communicating with party B, and not an eavesdropper E. Then they will use an authentication scheme to do this. But what if there is an eavesdropper on the ...
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Do any cryptography algorithms work on numbers besides primes?

I know prime numbers are important for several algorithms and protocols. Are there any algorithms and protocols that don't require primes?
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HMAC-SHA1 vs. AES

This might be a very silly question, but I am a total novice in encryption. I don't know where to start searching for an answer to this problem. I am building applications using a proprietary ...