All Questions

127 views

SHA-1 Keyed Hash Function

I know that SHA-1 is an unkeyed cryptographic hash function when used in practice. But, in the theory, all hash function are defined with keys. My question is: How I will be able to formalize the ...
5k views

What does AES256-CTS-HMAC-SHA1-96 mean in relation to Kerberos?

I'm not completely clueless as to what it means, but I'd like to understand it at a higher level. The highest encryption type used by Active Directory domain controllers for Kerberos authentication ...
124 views

PPT eavesdroper able to output $m_{0}$ and $m_{1}$ of different lengths

I've read the following two questions and their answers: Messages of different lengths and one-time computationally-secret Why is a non fixed-length encryption scheme worse than a fixed-length one? ...
169 views

Would this program be useful in cryptography?

I know nothing of encrypting. I'm not even sure how to tag this. I wrote a program that can calculate this pretty quickly on my macbook pro 2.3GHz IntelCore i7. The two exponents are Mersenne primes, ...
239 views

Splitting a password for dual roles [duplicate]

I would like to prompt users for a single passphrase to establish trust with separate, normally (but not always) complementary systems from one password input. I'm essentially looking for a box where ...
68 views

Why do authors say conflicting things regarding leak-free stages in their paper?

In this paper the last sentence of the first paragraph in the abstract states: We assume a (necessary) “leak-free” preprocessing stage. But then later on in section 1.4 they say Another ...
527 views

With TLS and ECDHE, how does curve selection work?

Given that a TLS client and server have already agreed upon ECDHE for session key establishment, how does the selection of the actual elliptic curve ("domain parameters") being used for deriving the ...
5k views

From What is the difference between PKCS#5 padding and PKCS#7 padding, I understand that PKCS#5 is defined for 8 byte block sizes. Does this rule it out as a padding option for AES since AES has a ...
73 views

Safety when disclosing hashes of secrets used to calculate other secrets

In my application, I am generating a big random number and publishing a SHA256 hash of it. After the hash it published (but not the secret), anyone can submit any number, and the system will calculate ...
551 views

Schnorr Identification Scheme under active adversary

According to the paper “GQ and Schnorr Identification Schemes: Proofs of Security against Impersonation under Active and Concurrent Attacks” by Mihir Bellare and Adriana Palacio, the Schnorr ...
454 views

How is multiplication inverted in IDEA's decryption round?

As we can see in the picture we have a multiplication in this algorithm, we know that two 16 bit inputs should have a 32 bit output, but here we just use 16 bits of the 32 bit output. For ...
156 views

Is it possible to find a preimage for a reduced size hash?

Given a message $M$ and a 256 bit key $K$, perform HMAC($K$, $M$) with a 256 bit hash function resulting in: $a$ = ...
806 views

How to protect from Silver–Pohlig–Hellman algorithm

I read that Silver–Pohlig–Hellman algorithm solves the discrete logarithm with prime module $p$ in $O(\log^2(p))$ if $p-1$ is a smooth number. This seems pretty fatal for cryptography, since it is a ...
213 views

General-purpose non-interactive multi-party computation protocol

Most of general purpose multi-party computation protocols are highly interactive. Especially the ones with Shamir's secret scheme, as there is a degree reduction step in multiplication that needs the ...
160 views

One-way function and $EXP$

All examples of one-way functions I have see till now are closely related to the assumption that $NP\neq P$ (or even weaker ones, such as $UP\neq P$), but why not considering the theorem $P\neq EXP$? ...
499 views

Understanding the “cube-root math” behind an RSA signature forgery

I'm trying to understand the math outlined in this paper on a RSA signature forgery attack. I understand it except for one aspect of how the cube root (that makes the forged signature) is computed. ...
469 views

Question on monoalphabetic substitution

Question: A stream of cipher operates on a data stream of 6-bit characters using a simple mono-alphabetic substitution technique. Estimate and explain the number of different substitution ...
1k views

Hash function based on pseudorandom functions and security

Are there hash functions that make use of pseudorandom functions. Precisely, I'm looking for a specification of a hash function based on PRF (and based on the security of such a primitive).
437 views

How can Alice prove that a message has not been tampered with?

In terms of the usual suspects. The problem I have is that Alice wants to send Bob a message M, which gives Bob permission to perform some actions. However Alice wants to verify, from time to ...
106 views

security amplification

Reading some papers on security amplification of weak-PRP written by Stefano Tessaro, I noticed the use of notion "epsilon-PRP" and the notion of "security amplification". These notions, in ...
88 views

Decimal point in keyspace notations? (eg 2^54.15)?

I was reading up on CryptoCat's (pretty ridiculous) programming issues and how is dramatically reduced the key search space (link to bug synopsis) One thing that caught my eye was So 2^54.15 ...
412 views

DSA, RSA, ECDSA etc - which one is cheapest for signing?

For a protocol where the server presents its signature to prove authenticity (e.g. IKE/SIGMA/STS with only one party authenticated), it's essential that the signing is extremely cheap, while ...
254 views

Lamport-Diffie + Security Proof

I am studying Lamport-Diffie signature scheme. In the lecture present the algorithm $A'$ for attempting to invert the one way function $f$, where $f$ is used to compute the public key. My question is ...
281 views

Encryption schemes and pseudorandom permutations

Can an encryption scheme (deterministic or not) be viewed as a pseudorandom permutation taking as input a message and returning a value of the same bit-encoding length ? Thank you.
613 views

Are there Cryptography certifications variants of CISSP?

Are there Cryptography certifications variants of CISSP ( Certified Information Systems Security Professional)? Like a CISSP exams, but only for cryptography?
271 views

Seemingly simple decryption question

Forgive the very novice question, but... Given an algorithm which, upon inputting an unchanging 4-character string, generates a variable 6-character string, but having no idea what the algorithm is ...
120 views

What type of groups does Microsoft's U-Prove use (Schnorr… etc?)

I'm trying to learn more about the Subgroups implementation of Microsoft UProve. I'm unsure if they are Schnorr Groups or use a different foundation? Can anyone point me to the technical reading ...
148 views

What is meant by this notation in the ElGamal key generation process?

Alice chooses i) A large prime $p_A$ (say 200 to 300 digits) ii) A primitive element $\alpha_A$ modulo $p_A$, iii) A (possibly random) integer $d_A$ with $2 \le d_A \le p_A-2$. Alice ...
316 views

Signature with appendix

I see sometimes signatures schemes with appendix. This is about signatures schemes in which the message is needed in the verification algorithm, that is, the ouput of the signature algorithm is of the ...
461 views

Is symmetric key encrypted with server's public key secure

I'm trying to implement lightweight yet secure protocol for communicating two trusted parties with each other. Consider following scheme: Alice wants to establish secure two-sided channel with ...
133 views

How can I split a message in parts of similar size or smaller?

I have a 130-160 characters message that I need to split in say, 3 parts, and be able to reconstruct it by recovering all 3 parts. I also need that these parts are type-able, meaning that they can't ...
125 views

A substitution based on a matrix vector product

I choose at random an invertible square matrix A of size 128 in GF(2). I want to use this matrix as a substitution box. Is this a non linear transformation ? I've seen that substitution boxes are ...
141 views

Do I need to keep a 64-bit version number secret?

Assume the following structure: version | iv | ciphertext | HMAC(version | iv | ciphertext | ..., key) The version starts out ...
370 views

Polynomial multiplication and division in2^128

I want to multiply and divide polynomials, and implement the extended Euclidean algorithm for polynomial greatest common divisors, over a Galois Field of size $2^{128}$. Moreover, I want to use the ...
306 views

chaining rsa with ecies

In an answer to a previous question it was suggested that one way to protect your asymmetrically encrypted AES-256 keys, from say a solution to prime factorization, would be to chain asymmetric ...
225 views

standard way to authenticate parties with public keys without certificates

Is there some standard protocol for mutual authentication of two parties when there is possibility to use public key cryptography? The problem is that two parties can use public key cryptography but ...
251 views

I'm looking for feedback on whether or not this is the proper way to approach password verification without transmitting the actual password. Are there any problems with this scheme. We are working ...
122 views

What's the difference between “HashX-512” and “HashX-1024”?

I need to make a Skein hash's, specifically, Skein-1024; however, I only have access currently to Skein-512. Is there any way to utilize a Skein-512 function to get the result of a Skein-1024 hash? ...
104 views

Voice Call Safety [closed]

When i was dealing with an assistant of my bank through mobile call, she asked me to insert my bank login code after a beep. I was wondering if this procedure is secure against a Man In the Middle ...
192 views

which asymmetric cipher provide highest performance?

to get highest performance Which asymmetric cipher provide fastest encryption/decryption ? ECC or DH ? what key size is recommended today ?
131 views

In which disciplinary category can cryptography be put?

Is it a multi-disciplinary, inter-disciplinary, cross-disciplinary, or maybe even trans-disciplinary? What are the basis to describe each kind? I mean, how can we infer by which disciplinary field we ...
410 views

What is total key space in transposition algorithms

How we can measure key space in transposition algorithms? Should we specify the method, like rail fence?
2k views

is AES secure for java application licensing

I have to license a java application and want to code a quick implementation, the scheme I came up with is: 1) The Application calculates a string X which we assume to be the md5 sum of the ...
228 views

How to solve the reverse of an equation that uses MOD?

I've been tasked with reverse engineering an unknown crypto function. The function uses the following constants: $a=380951$: I noticed that this is a prime number $b=3182$: I noted that this is a ...
435 views

I've been tasked with building up some security exercises (basic CTF training kind of stuff) for work. This should contain a bit of crypto, but my knowledge in this space has been limited to using the ...
508 views

AES encryption with shared IV

Sorry about the horrible title, didn't now what to say. I'm trying to avoid having to send an IV with every message purely to keep packet sizes down, so I thought of a method to establish a "IV ...
258 views

Scrypt as a KDF with one-time high-entropy input

I'm looking at using Scrypt as a KDF. Assume the following: the input will always be high-entropy random bytes generated by a CSPRNG the length of the input can vary from between 8 to 32 bytes the ...
2k views

Use of CBC-AES-256 to encrypt usernames

I came across some code in our project that encrypts usernames (limited to 50 chars, most are less than 10) using the following parameters: IV size is 16 bytes Key size is 32 bytes Algorithm is ...