# All Questions

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### Infer encoding mechanism from $n$-grams distance?

I have a series of obfuscated strings which across the set of strings have regions of high variance and regions of low variance – implying some encoding mechanism as opposed to an encryption procedure ...
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### To prove $r_2$ is a uniformly at random value in $Z_n$, where $r_2=r_1 . m$

$m$ is arbitrary value in $Z_n$, where n is RSA modulo. Then we do: $r_2=r_1 . m (modn)$, where $r_1$ is a random value such that $r_1\in Z^*_n$. ** Question(1): is $r_2$ a uniformly at random ...
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### Does the transposition cipher have a network application?

So I'm reading a chapter in my networking book and it talks about substitution and transposition ciphers (Transposition Cipher Wikipedia). I know that most network security uses public key or ...
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### Does NSS fully implement PKCS 11?

I am looking towards using NSS in a Linux application that makes use of a TPM (HSM). So, I am checking the support of PKCS 11 in NSS, at least for the management of Elliptic Curve keys, signature with ...
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### Forward Secrecy with pseudorandom functions

Let $H_1$, $H_2$ be keyed hash functions (e.g. $H_i(x) = SHA_{256}(s_i||x)$ for pseudorandom $s_1$, $s_2$). Let $s_n = H_1^k(s_0)$, $k_n = H_2(s_n)$, where $s_0$ is a secret (pseudorandomly chosen ...
259 views

### Serpent Cipher 128bits (Example rounds on any plaintext/key)

Is there are any possibility to see trace(example) of Serpent Encryption/Decryption on concrete plaintext/key example, (not code implementation) or at least animation of steps. During reading of ...
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### side channel attacks on AES

Say you have a web application that's performing AES encryption. What sorts of side channel attacks should one keep an eye out for? Timing attacks affect RSA more than symmetric ciphers in-so-far as ...
171 views

### Linear transformation proof

Ok, so I have this question and I honestly have no idea how to prove it. I know that the function is linear and I know it works for every possible combination, I just don't know how to prove it in an ...
116 views

### What does “nonlinear mapping” mean?

Page 15 of the Keccak reference (PDF) explains that the $Chi$ step mapping of the Keccak-f permutation in Keccak is defined to be “nonlinear mapping”. Without this, the complete permutation would be ...
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### FEAL-4 Wrong outputs of Round Functions

On page 2 of this article, there is example of FEAL-4. At round 2, the input to F (Round Function) is 0x80800000. As F accepts only 4 bytes I divide the input by 2 so that (As I assume the result ...
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### Which mathematical operations does secp256k1 point multiplication use?

To convert a bitcoin private key to a public key, the secp256k1 point multiplication math is used. Could I – theoretically – convert a private key to a public key just using the four arithmetic ...
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### Need to choose an ecnryption method [closed]

I've got an homework to implement an encryption algorithm (I can choose what), now we didn't learn about encryptions yet, I guess you can call it pre-class homework or something, I know what is ...
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### Are there any obvious techncial faults in F. Ruiz's 2013 URSA javascript cryptography? [closed]

The link to the cryptography is here: http://prgomez.com/ursa/ I have found the following simple javascript system of encryption/decryption portable and easy to use for emails and messaging sites, ...
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### What is the (uncompressed) x,y-representation of a curve point on the P-256 NIST elliptic curve?

I am trying to understand the FIDO U2F Raw Message Format, especially the format in which a user public key should be provided. The documentation says the following: A user public key [65 bytes]. ...
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### Forward pseudorandom permutation [closed]

Please consider the following scenario: The user A and B use their keys, K1 and K2 respectively. Each client have a vector of elements. Each client separately permutes his vector using his key and ...
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### Plaintext-aware encryption for symmetric schemes?

The notion of plaintext-awareness is well-known for asymmetric encryption, but the notion seems to make sense for symmetric encryption as well. Is this a known concept?
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### exchanging private key between service and iPhone app - digital signing

I need to do digital signing of my request data which will be sent to the server. My server sends distinct private keys to her clients after authentication and expects all responses to be digitally ...
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### Does Ciphertext policy ABE support search operation on encrypted data

Basically CP-ABE (or attribute based encryption) allows end-users to encrypt the data with desired access control structure. I was investigating the how to do keyword-search on encrypted data given ...
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### Is it possible (how difficult) to find MORE than one valid RSA signature?

Is it possible (how difficult) to find more than one valid RSA signatures for a given message m (after padded) and a public key ...
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### Encryption with data loss protection [closed]

Is there an existing format out there that not only encrypts data but also protects against loss of data much like the QR codes can lose up to 33% of it's bits and the message is still recoverable. I ...
343 views

### Chi-Squared Step of Vigenere Cipher Decryption

So, I have been assigned an assignment where I had to solve a Vigenere cipher. Following along with this webpage I managed to get all the way to the chi-squared step. But, that is the problem. Upon ...
481 views

### What does “G2” mean when used with X509 certficates and certificate authorities?

For example "Google Internet Authority G2"?. I thought it was another way of specifying Class 2 (for organizations, for which proof of identity is required) but then see certificates such as "VeriSign ...
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### Privacy-Preserving Protocols and Proofs of Security

While dabbling in privacy-preserving protocols (mainly using Semi-Homomorphic Encryption) and coming up with miscellaneous ideas for comparison tests or other similar primitives, based on obfuscation ...
324 views

### DES S-Box properties

Two of the properties that lead to the design of DES S-Boxes are: 1)For any non-zero 6-bit difference between inputs, no more than 8 of the 32 pairs of inputs exhibiting that difference may result ...
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### Elliptic curves in java

I am writing you because I want to implement the DPS signature with elliptic curves in Java. I found this library http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/security/spec/package-summary.html which ...
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### What is the restriction on k, for the kth composite residuosity problem to be hard

This paper considers the exponent to be an odd integer. When k = 2, it is called the quadratic residuosity problem (mod n where n is composite) which is hard and can be solved if the factorization of ...
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### Complexity of verifying OTP secret

What is the minimum number of unique pairs of digests and inputs to a one-time pass needed to verify that a secret is equal to a ...
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### Are partial hashes used in cryptographic protocols?

In my question (and answer) about a partial hash code used within a signature application I found out that partial hash codes are sometimes used within protocols with a relatively restricted security ...
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### How to distribute symmetric key between $n$ entities?

If there are $n$ servers for broadcasting a symmetric key in such a manner that following holds: No server alone can find the key $K$ alone. Any two servers can pass $k_i$ and $k_j$ such that ...
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### Type G Bilinear Pairings

I was reading PBC and its implementations for finding pairing parameters. I am particularly interested in implementing a BLS signature scheme with 20-byte (160-bit) signatures ("short signatures"). ...
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### Groth-Sahai proofs and hardness assumptions

I am learning Groth-Sahai NIZK proof system for Bilinear groups. While going through the literature, I am getting confused on how the proof system is related to Subspace Decision, SXDH or DLIN ...
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### ECC cryptography with shorter signature when not needing high security?

I am new here and fairly new to cryptography, so if I say something wrong, let me know. I am trying to set up a system where a user can receive a temporary license key over the phone, put it into ...
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### IND-CCA2 secure schemes without Plaintext Awareness?

I have been reading up on IND-CCA2 security and was wondering: Are there efficient IND-CCA2 secure schemes that do not require plaintext awareness? I'm guessing yes - could someone point me to these ...
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### Algebraic Normal Form Piccolo [closed]

I'm trying to verify the claim of paper Improved Algebraic Fault Analysis: A Case Study on Piccolo and with Applications to other Lightweight Block Ciphers about the numbers of equations in algebraic ...
167 views

### A way around digital signatures?

Scenario: I have to protect the integrity of some files that will be exchanged between entities $A$, $B$, $C$. Entity $A$ creates the file (e.g. configuration) and sends it to $B$ and $C$. Entities ...
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### Public key Issue - same key pair as existing one? [duplicate]

My question is a bit naive, but what if someone generates the same RSA key pair as someone else? This person would have the same private key and so would be able to decrypt messages not intended to ...
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### Universal hashing techniques based on matrix multiplication

The article here says below, about a universal hashing technique based on matrix multiplications. "However, there is a little known method based on using a random matrix. It has lots of advantages - ...
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### Attacks on Full TripleDES [closed]

I have been reading about attacks and many of them work on specific rounds of TripleDES but not on full TripleDES. Is there any attack except brute force that works on full TripleDES? (theoretical)
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### A question about elliptic curves and finite fields in bilinear pairings

Based on what mentioned in the paper "Pairings For Cryptographers" http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166218X08000449 the two inputs of a pairing map are two members of two additive ...
129 views

### How does AES-CCM work in BitLocker?

I'm studying this white-paper: http://jessekornblum.com/publications/di09.pdf The author says that using AES-CCM with the external key (highlighted in green at page 9, figure 4) and with the nonce at ...
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### Convergent encryption has dictionary attack, but why hash function doesn't?

Convergent encryption (CE), $E_k(d)$, is a way to encrypt the data $d$, with the characteristic that the encryption key $k$ is $k=h(d)$, where $h(\cdot)$ is a cryptographic hash function. Consider a ...
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### Use ElGamal to solve Diffie-Hellman problem

Say we are able to decrypt a Elgamal ciphertext $c$ using only the public key. Apparantly it is now possible to solve the Diffie-Hellman problem (given $g^a, g^b$ calculate $g^{ab}$). How? I know how ...
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### In symmetric searchable encryption are the algorithms public? [duplicate]

If a user (other than the data owner) possesses the secret key in symmetric searchable encryption scheme are they able to run the trapdoor algorithm, or is this not publicly available?
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### Public and Private key encryption in simple math

Can anybody show me (or point me to resource) how to generate public key and private key with simple math? Steps which can be reproduced in a simple calculator – so the message, keys all can be ...
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### Types of cryptography

We have cryptography based on hard problems from number theory, like DDH. When we speak about symmetric cryptography with AES, a mode of encryption (CBC, ...), what is the type of problem ? What is ...
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### Minimum length of PKI key for signature [duplicate]

I am looking for data which shows how time it would take to brute force (or crack by any other method) different sizes of RSA/DSA keys used for a digital signature. I am looking to use as small a ...
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### A question or few about Mental Poker

I have spent some time studying the "Mental Poker" protocol (sometimes called SRA), initially proposed by Shamir, Rivest, and Adleman -- ...
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### Modulo settings for successful encryption?

I saw this awesome video which shows how encryption works using "discrete logarithm". The example says: $3^x\mod17$. I understood that $3$ is called “generator”, because it has no "straight" root and ...
I am trying to understand two protocols for mutual authentication and if they are secure or not. $K$ is the session key, and it's calculated $k=H(TimeStamp)$. Are the following both cases secure? ...