# All Questions

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### Cycling hashing in PBKDF's and their limitations in strength?

I hope this question isn't too similar to one that's already been asked. I also want to point out I know part the answer already, AFAIK: I just want some expert input on this. Let's model a hash that ...
66 views

### Non-numeric Diffie-Hellman?

It may seem that this is a programming question, but I just need advice on the cryptography side of the question. I want to implement the Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm on iOS (since no free ...
134 views

### Recommendation for lightweight algorithm for partial message encryption

I have designed a specific client and server program, which sends a file from client to server in 32k chunks. I want to encrypt only part of the data. More specifically: in each 32k chunk passing ...
36 views

### Elliptic ElGamal Public Key Cryptosystem doubt

I need an example of Elliptic ElGamal Public Key Cryptosystem. I have been trying with some values but I don't get the right solution. I have $p=13$, the elliptic curve $E:y^2=x^3+11x+7$ and a point ...
44 views

### Can the original message be retrieved from a public/private key signature?

When I sign a message (which has potentialy low entropy) using a private key and I send it without the original message, can the original message be retrieved from the signature(s)? I want to prove – ...
62 views

### How can I study the math behind cryptography? [closed]

I am a junior in high school and I am currently studying algebra 2. Where can I go to learn about the mathematics behind cryptography? I have a very basic knowledge of cryptography, but I am really ...
56 views

Suppose a client (Alice) goes to an HTTPS website (Bob) over TLS 1.2. Alice sends Client Hello with some random number $r_a$. Bob sends Server Hello with another random number $r_b$. Suppose they ...
46 views

### What is a good algorithm to scramble data in a 2-D grid

I want to know if there exists an algorithm i can use where the input is a string of data and the output is a scrambled version of the same but in a 2 D array ie given something like: |1 2 3 4 5 6 ...
31 views

### bcrypt collision probabilities assuming same password and work factor?

What is the likelihood of 2 bcrypt hashes colliding if they use the same work-factor and input? Are bcrypt's salts large enough to prevent this from happening?
43 views

### How to store keypair generated by RSA in a textfile?

I'm trying to write an encryption decryption program using Openssl-RSA. There are only two operations. User stores the data and retrieves it whenever he needs. To decrypt something, we need the ...
32 views

### can session key be be used as digital signature?

if two communicating parties share a (symmetric) session key, k. When one of the party wants to send a message 'm' to other, is it okay use {m}k as a digital signature?
35 views

### Deletion complexity in a RSA accumulator

My question is about the existence of a dynamic RSA accumulator with deletion of an element in O(1) time. Do you know some practical implementation?
36 views

### How do different block sizes affect the throughput of GPU implementations of AES?

I am confused about the effect of different block sizes on AES performance. As you can see here, there is a huge gap between the throughput of different block sizes. As far as I know, every 16 bytes ...
32 views

### Perfect Forward Secrecy in PGP/asynchronous email

Looking at the RFC for PGP email/asynchronous chat with PFS here https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-brown-pgp-pfs-03 can anyone tell me why the following scheme is no good? Alice and Bob retrieve each ...
94 views

### Cryptography of numbers

Is there any algorithm capable of encrypt securely (symmetric) N numeric digits in a numeric message of M digits (N < M)? I am especially interested in a specific case in which N = 10 and M = N + ...
52 views

### Few questions about CBC MAC

I want to use CBC MAC. First I hope to find some implementation of block cipher which I will use in CBC mode, which I understand is CBC MAC. But I have two questions: 1) If the length of the message ...
77 views

### Comparing messages given only the ciphertext

Under RSA protocol I was wondering how a message sent could be verified under the following scenario Alice has a private (encryption key) and public key (decryption key) If Bob sends Alice ...
76 views

### Continuous stream of strong randomness from limited entropy?

I need a continuous (infinite) strong random generator, but I've only got limited entropy as seed. I know there's already a contradiction there, but I'm looking for a practical approach. Suppose I ...
89 views

### S boxes in Blowfish

I know how the s-boxes in blowfish are initialized, but how is the output sorted, I mean which bit from the input goes where in the box ? and what do mean they have 256 entries if they are 32-bit ...
65 views

### Fully homomorphic encryption arbitrary functions formulation

I am currently studying the interesting field of homomorphic encryption. I read that from a fully homomorphic encryption function that supports both addition and multiplication you can perform any ...
27 views

### Checking for factor base

In algorithms like Dixon's factorization a factor base is used, which contains all primes below a bound. Then calculates $x^2 \mod n$, and then checks it is in factor base or not. Suppose $P$ is ...
30 views

### how to calculate maximum data size of an RSA signature

I am reading a content, and am not sure if I follow how they come up with the maximum data size which can be signed by an RSA key. The author states: "...if you are trying to sign a message using a ...
51 views

### How to prove that a SKE scheme is IND-CPA secure

There's an IND-CPA SKE scheme 1 $(\mathsf{Gen}, \mathsf{Enc}, \mathsf{Dec})$. Scheme 2 is defined as $(\mathsf{Gen}', \mathsf{Enc}', \mathsf{Dec}')$, where $\mathsf{Gen}' = \mathsf{Gen}$, ...
86 views

### Cracking simple RSA when just the ciphertext and one public key is known

Can someone explain to me (Or better yet, point me to a tool that does the brute forcing) how to crack a standard, simple RSA cipher (So don't bother with padding) if I know just one public key, the ...
90 views

### Proving collision resistance of a hash function?

Let $f$, $g$, and $h$ be hash functions that each map binary strings of length $2n$ to binary strings of length $n$. Suppose that $h(x) = f(g(x)||g(x))$. Prove that if $f$ and $g$ are collision ...
41 views

### Key material leak from initialized cipher?

Let's imagine that cipher (say AES256 in CBC mode) is initialized when application starts: ...
58 views

### Time complexity of trial division

Suppose $n=pq$, where p,q are prime numbers. let $p ( \le q)$ be the smallest prime, then we know that $p \le \sqrt{n}$. In trail division, we check $n \mod i$ for the values of $i$ from 2 to ...
45 views

### Help with pseudorandom functions

I started a new lecture this year about crypto and I've had a few problems in the first few weeks with the exercises we got. I would appreciate a "guide" on how to solve problems like the following ...
34 views

### MD5 Hash outputs not produced

Are there any hash outputs not produced by the MD5 hash function? I need to use it as a placeholder for an empty hash while comparing two hashes.
50 views

### How many Hashes to find a digest of 2^{n−k}?

Given an n-bit cryptographic hash function $H$, how many messages should we expect to hash before finding a message $x$ such that $H(x) < 2^{n−k}$ for some integer k? My take: Shouldn't it simply ...
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### With ECDSA is there a way for the verifier to calculate any properties of $k$?

With ECDSA, given $(r,s)$ and $m$, is there a way for a verifier to calculate any (boolean) properties of $k$, without knowing $k$ or the private key $D_A$? (I understand that $k$ should be random, ...
54 views

### Which method to generate one time password?

I'm looking for a concrete algorithm to generate one time passwords. The situation is as follows: Alice and Bob exchanged a passphrase over a secure channel in the beginning. They want to ...
163 views

### Is there an algorithm to hide text in another text, while preserving the meaning of the latter?

Is there a way to hide a text message $A$ inside another text $B$ using a cryptographic cipher/algorithm, while preserving the sense/meaning of $B$ and without anybody being able to notice there is a ...
56 views

### Storing a secure key in an embedded device's memory

I am working on an embedded device which send/receive data and stored them in ciphertext mode (encrypted mode ). Now what's best approach for storing Keys (I used ARM CORTEX M series MCU) ? Storing ...
33 views

### How to use a secret to allow the generation of public keys, where the private keys can be calculated later

Alice has a secret S and publishes some public information P, about S which is insufficient ...
47 views

### PRF that can be distinguished after $k$ queries?

In adaptive attacks, if we design poorly, adversary can modify his queries and break the given pseudo random function (that is being able to distinguish it from uniform randomness). Is there a poor ...
66 views

### Degree of M and Max Sequence Length for LFSR

For the LFSR mod 2, determine the degree of m and maximum sequence length s_(i+3)≡ s_i+s_(i-2)+s_(i-4) mod 2 determine the degree of m and the maximum ...
35 views

### Deriving a Set of Seeds from a Seed

I need a set of seeds $S=\{s_1,..., s_n\}$, for pseudo-random function where seed $s_i$ is used to generate a set of pseudo-random values. Obviously I need to be able to regenerate the sets of ...
173 views

### Encrypt large data with RSA through blocks in java

I'm working on a communication protocol where a client sends encrypted data to a server. What happens is that in some point, the client creates a symmetric key used to create data digests through the ...
135 views

### Testing hash functions for collision resistance

I was hoping to implement a software that allows testing a user-defined hash function for cryptographic properties (Meant to pique interest in cryptographic hash function for a school showcase), as ...
34 views

### Security of SRP-6a against impersonating server choosing small/wrong N

I'm looking at an implementation of SRP (Secure Remote Password) that essentially follows the Stanford documentation (http://srp.stanford.edu/design.html). I'm worried about one aspect though: In the ...
156 views

### Is my protocol that uses hybrid cryptography and AES-GCM secure?

I'm having a lot of trouble trying to understand how to implement AES-GCM. My usecase: Person A sent me a file with a gauranteed unique name. I want to be assured it was from person A, and that no ...
116 views

### SHA-256 “almost unique”?

I have seen numerous references on the internet of people describing SHA-256 as generating an "almost unique" hash. Exhibit A. there are more. Is there some mathematical basis to the almost ...
49 views

### Byte size of Diffie-Hellman public values

I have a scenario that uses RFC-3526's Diffie-Hellman Group 14 for 2048 bit key exchanges. From the document, it specifies the P (prime) value in hexadecimal value as: ...
86 views

### How can IND-CPA encryption be identity revealing?

This is problem 10 of Chapter 4 "Symmetric Encryption" (pdf) from Lecture notes by Bellare and Rogaway: An IND-CPA secure encryption scheme might not conceal identities, in the following sense: ...
77 views

### DES and using the S-Box 1

Can someone please check my work and correct me if I am wrong, I am just starting to learn about DES. I am trying to solve the following problem: Show that ...
60 views

### How to generate backup key for PBKD functions?

I would like to encrypt some files using AES, Ill derive key from password using some standard PBKD function and use that as AES encryption key. My question is, if user forgets the main password, ...
68 views

### Which ECB ciphertext stealing scheme is this?

I am stuck with identifying ciphertext stealing method with the following properties: mode of operation is ECB; recommended padding scheme for this application is PKCS#7, but apparently it is not ...