# All Questions

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### Why is OCB-AES mode not becoming a standard for authenticated encryption?

The OCB mode of authenticated encryption (used for example with AES) is the fastest way to provide authenticity and confidentiality without having to strive into questions like: Encrypt then MAC, MAC ...
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### inverse element in Paillier cryptosystem

As I know, in Paillier cryptosystem, the encryption $c$ of a message $m$ is calculated as $c=g^m r^n \bmod n^2$. Now, I am wondering if I can derive $g^m \bmod n^2$ given that I know $c$, $r$, and ...
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### Deriving Keys for Symmetric Encryption and Authentication

So here's the concept. Rather than storing 2 keys and using a random IV, which presents its own problems (key rotation, ensuring no key is used in more than 2^32 cycles, sharing the keys, etc), is it ...
263 views

### RSA Key generation Public exponent too big

I'm currently writing a paper about RSA (a self-chosen subject). I'm writing about the key-generation in RSA, and I have problem finding the public exponent e. I have chosen p = 61 and q = 53. Then ...
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### RSA blind signatures in practice

Hi I have a problem with moving my blind signature implementation from educational (textbook RSA) to more practical (padded RSA) side. David Chaums paper gives a following figure: $r$ - blinding ...
281 views

### Information leakage in real-time voice encryption

I saw some time ago a post discussing the issues surrounding encryption of speech/voice in VoIP and how it can leak information (can't find it now). Can someone provide an insight into some of the ...
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### Are really, really long passwords any securer than short ones?

Just for fun, I want to encrypt a message that will take about 10 or so years to decrypt. My idea is to encrypt a message with AES-512 with a password one million decimal digits long. Knowing not ...
686 views

### Public key cryptography - public key encrypts and cannot decrypt?

I understand the basics behind public key cryptography, in that each party has two keys - the public one encrypts, and the private one decrypts. What I cannot figure out is, How does the public key ...
4k views

### RSA 4096 bit key benchmark

How can I benchmark RSA operations on my computer? I want to know about 4096-bit long keys on general computers. How many encryptions and decryptions are possible per second? All benchmarks I found ...
170 views

### Factorize RSA knowing several N and E

I did a CRT challenge yesterday and theres one problem I was unable to solve, probably due to my lack of understanding advanced crypto math. Its about RSA. There are ten given pairs of N and E ...
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### Diffie-Hellman is Post-quantum secured?

If Alice and bob have a secure channel for key-exchange and mallory don't man-in-the-middle attack them but in the future eavesdrop connection and see the key exchanged, can mallory break it like RSA ...
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### using Post-quantum asymmetric ciphers instead of RSA

We can't trust RSA to encrypt our Emails so what is best post-quantum cryptography system as alternative for RSA which provide good security and don't be breakable? because McEliece cryptosystem looks ...
348 views

### Deterministic key generation

In a situation where it is required to generate n number of keys deterministically from a single piece of seed information can we assume that b breached number of keys, no matter what the quantity ...
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### Why are protocols often proven secure under the random oracle model instead of a hash assumption?

Is this true that whenever you design a protocol using a hash function, you must prove its security under the random oracle? I mean, is it possible to devise a protocol $P$ using a function $H$, and ...
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### On-the-fly computation of AES Round Keys for decryption?

The usual implementation of AES first computes all the Round Keys sequentially starting from the key, and stores them in RAM for later uses. However, when enciphering a single block with a key that ...
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I've been looking at the weakness with plain/textbook RSA, where the same message is encrypted and sent to multiple destinations. In this case, it is possible to recover the message. Given that an ...
540 views

### AES key expansion vs. a hash

Is there something special about the AES key expansion algorithm that makes it secure, or it is a compromise between security and speed? For example, say with a key I expand it by taking pbkdf2(key) ...
336 views

### Speeding up partially known plaintext preimage recovery attack on MD5

Suppose there are three messages A, B and C of different length, that are 16 DWORDs in ...
2k views

### Get RSA PlainText without Knowing Private Key

If I have an algorithm,RSA-Crack(), that, for a given RSA public key (n,e), is able to decrypt 1% of the messages encrypted with that key (without knowledge of the corresponding private key).Can there ...
5k views

### Compare Blockmode CBC (with diffuser) against XTS

I have some problems in understanding the "advantage" of AES-XTS compared to CBC with diffuser. I read something about FileVault, in this paper they mention the two modes of operations XTS and CBC ...
371 views

### Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge-Proof for discret Logarithm?

In a Non-Interactive $Zero-Knowledge-Proof$, the challenge is chosen by the Prover. I am trying to find a Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge-Proof based on the following problem: DISCRETE LOGARITHM ...
555 views

### How can I add more rounds to AES?

I'd like to understand a bit more about the AES key schedule if anyone would mind explaining that. For instance, why is the way the schedule generated (with recursive xors and occasional ...
202 views

### Comparing plaintext to contents of ciphertext

Given an authenticated mode of encryption, when comparing a plaintext string against the contents of a ciphertext, which approach is typically considered safer? Encrypt the plaintext and compare ...
316 views

### Two step encryption

Is there any asymmetric cryptography algorithm which will allow recursive encryption. ...
359 views

### Does RSA-OEAP have integrity and authenticity properties?

RSA-OAEP is IND-CCA2 secure (indistinguishable under an adaptive chosen ciphertext attack). Does it also have the INT-CTXT (integrity of ciphertext) and INT-PTXT (integrity of plaintext) properties? ...
942 views

### In RSA encryption, does the value of e need to be random?

I am a novice programmer and am just finishing up an RSA encryption program that I am writing for practice. Currently I have the program generate a relatively small random value for the public key e. ...
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### Sigma-protocol for 3SAT problem

I have some questions from previous years exams, I hope you could help me with them. :) Let $g,h$ denote generators of a group $G$ of large prime order $n$ such that $\log_g h$ is unknown to anyone. ...
380 views

### AES encrypting multiple files

So if I want to encrypt all the files in a folder with AES (same password) I take each file and generate the key schedule using PBKDF2. As the PBKDF2 algorithm takes in a salt then this salt should ...
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### Transforming simplest protocol into a Sigma-protocol

I have some questions from previous years exams, I hope you could help me with them. :) Suppose that a protocol satisfies the properties of a $\Sigma$-protocol, except that it is only (plain) ...
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### What is an easy method of proving that a cryptographic oracle attack is possible?

Lets say an application is using CBC mode without authentication. The application is generating cipher text. This cipher text can be manipulated by the attacker and then transmitted back to the ...
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### AES Secure key generation and storage

I have a client-server application, which is transferring data between its components in a secure way. I currently use AES algorithm with CBC mode to transfer data and file. This is the scenario: ...
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### Is there any research on the problem of making a number more memorable to humans?

Authentication protocols often rely on humans dealing with large numbers correctly. For example, when a user logs into a remote machine using SSH for the first time, she is prompted to confirm that ...
168 views

### Bent Combining Functions

Bent functions are boolean functions with maximum nonlinearity and are widely studied for their potential applications in cryptography. Lets say you wanted to use a simple two input AND gate as a ...
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### SSL Key Exchange

I read briefly over the TSL/SSL key exchange protocol. I have to wonder about the whole pre-master-key procedure. Wouldn't it be sufficient if the client or server encrypted a generated session key ...
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### Ensuring integrity of a client side script

I want a script that is running on the client to compute a collision resistant hash and send it to a server. I need to ensure that the script which performs this hash is not altered in any malicious ...
2k views

### Webcam random number generator

I have a question about random number generators. I have read from a real random number generator, based on a webcam ("randcam"). My problem is, that I do not really understand how the generation of ...
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### Weakness in using only one RSA key pair for two-way communication?

In Alice/Bob/Cindy terms (EDIT: and with a little more detail): Alice and Bob have each securely obtained one key of an RSA keypair from a trusted third party. Alice has one key ($e$ and $n$), Bob ...
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### Security implications of using constant string to verify AES key?

I know that you can use for example CBC-MAC to verify data integrity and thus the password upon decryption. But would there be security implications of just adding a constant string to the plaintext ...
285 views

### What is an oracle adversary?

I'm trying to figure out block ciphers and this is the first time I've encountered the term "oracle adversary". It appears in the context of defining a PRP and a PRF. Can someone please explain what ...
632 views

### Stopping timing attacks on AES: Why is it important to prevent the OS from interrupting the AES computation?

I read the paper Cache-timing attacks on AES (by Daniel J. Bernstein), but I don't seem to understand everything. The author dedicates a long section on how to prevent the OS to interrupt an AES ...
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### Exhausting the entropy of a hash function

In the case of password storage, consider the following: I have an idea that one can exhaust the entropy of input to the MD5 function by using a 128 bit random value as the password (indeed, any hash ...
504 views

### What's a good P to use in ElGamal key generation?

I need to generate a 1024 bit ElGamal key on Android, and key generation takes forever (~10 minutes on a Galaxy Nexus), I suspect because it take so long to generate a safe prime. Is it dangerous for ...
1k views

### AES timing attacks

I'm just interested in cryptography, so please don't expect me to be an expert. ;) I recently read about AES cache timing attacks and found it very interesting. I read the article Cache-timing attacks ...
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### Can someone tell if my Hand Cipher is secure? [closed]

In easy steps, this is how it works: Convert txt to numbers. mod 1-26. Generate random numbers (by my other cipher) equal to plain txt. Write random numbers under txt numbers. Like this: ...
3k views

### Constructing RSA private key, given public key

As part of a puzzle I was given an RSA 256-bit public key and an encrypted message. The key itself is very weak, having exponent e = 65537 and modulus N = ...
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### Does a playlist of songs or movies mixed together contain enough random enough for OTP key material?

Ok hypothetical scenario. Lets say I want to generate a lot of key material quickly for a one-time pad. This key material will be divided up and used for many different messages in the future. I ...
247 views

### Message authentication codes construction

I was reading the paper $[1]$ and came across the scheme that I show below. While I understand the scheme well, I don't understand why they prepend a 0 to the block containing $r$ and a 1 to all other ...
336 views

### What cipher mode is suitable for independantly decryptable short messages?

I'm building a small VoIP client which transmits encrypted audio data via UDP, and some packet loss is expected, so each packet will need to be decrypted separately even if others in the stream don't ...
One of the necessary components to the Schnorr Digital Signature scheme is a pair of prime numbers $p$ and $q$ such that $q$ divides $p-1.$ However, there is never a modular inverse taken of q so why ...