# All Questions

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### Voice Call Safety [closed]

When i was dealing with an assistant of my bank through mobile call, she asked me to insert my bank login code after a beep. I was wondering if this procedure is secure against a Man In the Middle ...
199 views

### which asymmetric cipher provide highest performance?

to get highest performance Which asymmetric cipher provide fastest encryption/decryption ? ECC or DH ? what key size is recommended today ?
131 views

### In which disciplinary category can cryptography be put?

Is it a multi-disciplinary, inter-disciplinary, cross-disciplinary, or maybe even trans-disciplinary? What are the basis to describe each kind? I mean, how can we infer by which disciplinary field we ...
420 views

### What is total key space in transposition algorithms

How we can measure key space in transposition algorithms? Should we specify the method, like rail fence?
3k views

### is AES secure for java application licensing

I have to license a java application and want to code a quick implementation, the scheme I came up with is: 1) The Application calculates a string X which we assume to be the md5 sum of the computer'...
241 views

### How to solve the reverse of an equation that uses MOD?

I've been tasked with reverse engineering an unknown crypto function. The function uses the following constants: $a=380951$: I noticed that this is a prime number $b=3182$: I noted that this is a ...
463 views

I've been tasked with building up some security exercises (basic CTF training kind of stuff) for work. This should contain a bit of crypto, but my knowledge in this space has been limited to using the ...
531 views

### AES encryption with shared IV

Sorry about the horrible title, didn't now what to say. I'm trying to avoid having to send an IV with every message purely to keep packet sizes down, so I thought of a method to establish a "IV Pool"....
258 views

### Scrypt as a KDF with one-time high-entropy input

I'm looking at using Scrypt as a KDF. Assume the following: the input will always be high-entropy random bytes generated by a CSPRNG the length of the input can vary from between 8 to 32 bytes the ...
2k views

### Use of CBC-AES-256 to encrypt usernames

I came across some code in our project that encrypts usernames (limited to 50 chars, most are less than 10) using the following parameters: IV size is 16 bytes Key size is 32 bytes Algorithm is CBC-...
380 views

### brute force attack on KDF vs KEY

if we believe 256bit keys are secure in AES against any brute force attack, is that possible we use a KDF (convert user's weak entered password in truecrypt into a fixed AES key) with too much round ...
3k views

### How to check the strength of an encryption algorithm?

I asking for advice on how to check strength of an encryption algorithm.
1k views

### AES CBC with fixed or predictable IV, what are the risks?

I am making a call with parameters from application "A" to a web application "B". Parameters are in the query string of the URL. They don't need to be hidden. But I want to be sure that nobody can ...
117 views

### Question about use of IV in this cipher

Main cipher objective : Generate a keyed CSPRN stream, that does not expose useful information about the state of the CSPRNG, and xor this with the plaintext. To prevent an attacked who could somehow ...
6k views

### How do I derive the time complexity of encryption and decryption based on modular arithmetic?

I want to calculate the time complexity of two encryption and decryption algorithms. The first one (RSA-like) has the encryption $$C := M^e \bmod N$$ and decryption $$M_P := C^d \bmod N.$$ ...
126 views

### Two files encrypted with related data versus one file

I have some code that takes a list of credit-card numbers, splits the number into two chunks, one chunk is 8 characters long, the other chunk is the remainder. Each series of chunks is saved into ...
365 views

### Can Add and Multiply On Cipher Text achieve all operations?

A Fully homomorphic encryption scheme needs to support an evaluate function that can do add and multiply operations on cipher text. Can we do all kinds of complex operations on cipher text like ...
101 views

### Is there a big RSA Data Set

Is there a big dataset containing RSA public $(n,e)$ and private keys $d$ and primes $p,q$ where $n = p.q$ ?
459 views

### Deterministic key generation

In a situation where it is required to generate n number of keys deterministically from a single piece of seed information can we assume that b breached number of keys, no matter what the quantity ...
181 views

### On the fly key generation for cloud storage objects

Cryptographic key management involves storing and managing encryption decryption keys , certificates , signatures etc . If the requirement is just to store and manage object specific keys ( say ...
544 views

### Finding partial pre-image of MD5 hash

I have the following requirement for hashing using MD5. H(A,B,C,X); Where values A,B & C are given. However X is not given. I would like to find out what value of X would give a hash beginning ...
484 views

### ECM Implementation is really slow

I followed the algorithms 14.4 (computes 1st and 3rd coordinates in (X,Y,Z)#k modulo n) and 14.5 (factorization using ECM) in David Bressoud's book 'Factorization and Primality Testing'. I think the ...
798 views

### Does gpg's symmetric encryption keep information about the filename?

If I encrypt a file with gpg -c file.zip, and change the filename. Is there any way I can restore the filename as I used as a password. or the name encrypted to?
3k views

### How can I implement the “Multiplication Modulo” and “Addition Modulo” operations in IDEA?

I am currently working on IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm), and I don't know how to perform Multiplication Modulo and Addition Modulo. This is how IDEA operates: IDEA operates on 64-...
2k views

### AES encryption for images [closed]

Why AES based encryption is not recommended for encrypting images with high redundancy in their content? for example, the encryption of an image which shows a bird in the blue sky. Most of the pixels ...
381 views

### How is block cipher padding verified for consistancy?

Under what circumstances is a decryption routine able to tell that the padding of a message is invalid? If a cipher text block where to be randomly modified, what is the probability that the padding ...
898 views

### RSA 1024bit decryption performance

i want to know how many RSA 1024 bit long key decryption can a regular pentium4 computer do per second ? how to calculate RSA performance and determine its remaining time ?
135 views

### MD5 pre-fixing with an unkown postfix

Is the MD5 prefixing attack still valuable to an attacker if he doesn't know the postfix of the string? For instance, what if the following sanity check was being used: ...
164 views

### Trying to find an algorithm to share portions of a key with multiple people

Sorry if this question's a bit basic, but I don't know of any way to ask it concisely enough for a search... What I'm looking for is a proven means of doing the following: Create x number of ...
613 views

### RC4 S-Box and Keystream

I'm studying the RC4 algorithm and I have the following questions: On all questions assume that an expanded (2048-bit) key is used, and that the first 4096 bytes of the KeystreamIm are discarded. ...
238 views

### Probability of Repeated Encrypted Block In Output Feedback (OFB) Mode

Is there any probability/chances of repeated encrypted block in Output Feedback (OFB) mode? Is there any existing documentation/studies about that? If it is existing, can you please provide me a link ...
170 views

### Can you distinguish encryption methods from the output?

Suppose that you see all IP communication packets between two computers for a day, as they pass through a connecting router, and this amounts to 10MB. You additionally know that all data transmission ...
2k views

### How can 3DES encryption use decryption in the middle step?

I have been reading about the 3DES algorithm and I cannot understand one part. In 3DES we do following operation: $$C=E[K_3,D[K_2,E[K_1,P]]].$$ Where $C$ is ciphertext, $P$ is plaintext, $E$ is DES ...
84 views

### Cryptographic Algorithm/Protocol needed

I am trying to achieve the following: Encrypted files are stored on users filesystem. The user uses my client to authenticate against a server. Once he is authenticated successfully he gets a token ...
109 views

### Encrypting documents through a proxy key

Suppose I'm developing an app to secure a lot of documents. These documents were encrypted (say, using AES) with a key X. This key X is basically the password that the user enters before wanting to ...
578 views

### Existing dictionaries of popular words to help solve a random substitution cipher?

I'm trying to find faster ways to solve this: http://cryptogram.org/solve_cipher.html Actually lists of common words are good, but they are often limited to 1000 words. I found this, but I'm not ...
62 views

### Proving item association without revealing one of the associated items

I'm a total noob when it comes to cryptography but I believe this falls under the "zero knowledge" category. I have two associated pieces of information: tag — known by both parties. Unique per ...
318 views

### My custom handshake

I am a beginner in cryptography and I designed a custom handshake between 2 entities $\rm C$ (client) and $\rm S$ (server) which should meet the following requirements: Requirements: The handshake ...
37 views

Crypto is hard. Thank you for helping me learn. My encryption scheme currently looks like this: Salt is stored out in the open Secret is the user's password, known only to them EncKey||AuthKey = ...
36 views

### Given C is a code of length n. Containing M code-words with a distance d

I'm studying for my exam and came across this question below. I don't understand how to get $d$. I get $C$ is a code of length $n$. Containing $M$ code-words with a distance $d$. $(n,M,d)$ But how ...
25 views

### Conditional probability with Vigenere Cipher given specific plaintexts and key sizes

Apologies if this should be in the Mathematics stack exchange, I just ask it here because the context is cryptography. Here is the question that I seemingly cannot get correct: Consider the ...
27 views

### Can I use the Sequence Number as the (implicit) IV in AES-GCM IPsec?

The RFC https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4106#page-5 states that, under AES-GCM IPsec, each packet is expanded by 8 bytes for the IV and up to 16 bytes for the ICV. Why? Since we already have a ...
65 views

### Is PGP's way of maintaining email security optimal? [duplicate]

I read a book called "computer networking: A top-down approach". It talked about how PGP creates an email message between Alice and Bob to maintain confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. Let me ...
33 views

### How can I determine key length for message encrypted by many-time-pad?

For message $m$ and key $k$ I get encrypted message $c$ ($m \oplus k = c$) where $length(k) < length(m)$. Additionally I know that message $m$ is English text. Instead of using pure ...
37 views

### What are KDF parameters in OpenSSL command-line utility for enc?

I refer to https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/apps/enc.html and see that the only parameter for key derivation which I can set explicitly (not considering the obvious ...
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25 views

### Audio Encryption in Voip SIP [closed]

I have some project encrypion real-time. I want use Voip SIP to implement the stream cipher. What I have done so far : Simple app android Voip SIP https://github.com/android/platform_development/...
Suppose that someone uses RSA with $n = pq$, exponent $3$, also $3$ divides $\varphi(n) = (p-1)(q-1)$ and $2$ different roots $y$ and $z$ of the equation: $$x \equiv c \ (mod \ n)$$ are known (for ...