# All Questions

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### trying to get calculator and RSA calculatin does not make sense [duplicate]

got two question, I am novice in the area of crypto and currently in big learning curve. From crypto book I am going over with, I see the RSA algorithm example as follows: it chose two rand #-s: ...
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### RFC 5297 implementation [duplicate]

I am looking for an implementation of RFC 5297 algorithm using javascript. I would like to see how to wrap a key on client side web browser, like Mozilla's fxa-auth-client (That uses a xor to wrap) ...
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### Decypting a Stream Cipher

I am trying to decrypt a stream cipher. I know what the first word of the message is when decrypted but I am unsure how to decrpyt the rest of the message. I know what the first word is because I ...
26 views

### Does Windows CNG store private information using LSA secrets?

I read that LSA Secrets have the capability of storing data privately, more importantly, ensuring that users without proper permissions cannot access that same data. Windows CNG has security measure ...
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### What is sLHAE (stateful length-hiding authenticated encryption)?

Can somebody please explaint me how does sLHAE works in TLS? I met this term in some TLS papers and struggled to understand how it works, specifically the "length-hiding" part.As to my understanding ...
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### Determine encryption method with input and output

A website stores username and password in a session cookie. In the cookie the password is "encrypted" or modified in some way. Given that the "encrypted" version is always the same, I do not believe ...
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### Key distribution and computation for homomorphic encryption

How can a system where the party performing a computation also possess the private key and still not know the answer of computation be designed ? Also the other party who does not have the private key ...
63 views

### side channel attacks against TDES (compared to AES)

We all know AES has some pretty strong side channel attacks, some where (with a couple of hundred know plain- and ciphertext combinations) a key can be derived in a matter of minutes. Others may take ...
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### Protocols with deliberate errors

This question is motivated by discussion cocerning “The Two Sheriffs” puzzle, see (1) and (2). Are there any public key protocols where Alice and Bob intentionally insert errors in their messages? ...
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### Verification of Pinocchio (verifiable computation)

I am reading the Pinocchio paper. The calculated result $y$ is a part of the verification input, but it seems to me, the verification procedure does not utilize the result $y$. Can anyone can help me ...
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### Why rogued certificate from hash collision is harmful

I cannot understand why rogued certificate is thought harmful though It can be used to impersonate some website. The attacker can craft a rogued certificate with different identities and public key ...
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### Rabin cryptosystem with 1 mod 4

We have p and q which are distinct primes congruent to 1 mod 4. Then we have n = p*q. Do you know any algorith for calculating square roots for the decryption in this case? I'm asking for some ...
102 views

### Security of basic SHA256 MAC in an authenticate-then-encrypt scheme

I know the following construct is insecure if the MAC as defined below is appended to the encrypted message in an Encrypt then Authenticate (EtA) scheme. $k_1$: encryption key $k_2$: authentication ...
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### How do I control an access code safely?

Upon registration an user has to specify an access code of five digits. This access code is also used as a password for the encryption and decryption of certain strings. The user types in "12345" ...
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### Does it make sense to have multiple values of authentication and cipher offsets while encrypting a packet?

Consider a packet with N segments. cofsset(cipher offset - from where one must cipher) lies in arbitrary Segment "A". aoffset (authentication offset - from where one must authenticate) lies in ...
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### RSA modulus (N) from public key and calculating N from p, q not equal [closed]

I have a RSA public key in the form of public exponent and modulus as follows: ...
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### EC based password authenticated key exchange protocol

I would like to know: What is the currently best (efficiency and security wise) known EC based password authenticated key exchange protocol? (i.e. is there any EC based protocol may be similar to DH ...
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### What is the meaning of h(r) in this protocol?

Could somebody tell me what the meaning is of $h(r)$ in the protocol below? ‎‎$A‎\leftarrow‎{B}\quad:{h(r)‎‎}{,B}{,P{_A(r,B)}}‎ \\A‎\rightarrow‎{B}\quad:r$
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### Popularity of ECMQV authenticated key agreement protocol

I've got a few ECMQV related questions: Why is ECMQV a more efficient EC-based authenticated key agreement protocol? Why is ECMQV so popular? Is it because no other protocol of its strength exists? ...
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### Value of S and r in Fiat-Shamir Protocol

In the book Cryptography and Network Security by Forouzan,in chapter 14, Fiat-Shamir protocol, its mentioned that two large prime numbers p and q are chosen and kept secret. However n=p*q is made ...
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### AES-XTS: find key from ciphertext and plaintext [duplicate]

Let's say I have a plaintext, the corresponding ciphertext encrypted using AES-XTS, and the initialization vectors. Is there any way - not brute force, of course - to compute the key? Even if there's ...
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### Would a pictographic, phoneme-based, hand cipher be difficult to crack with computer crypt-analysis?

What I'm talking about is a hand cipher which uses phonemes instead of individual characters and pictograms instead of the usual shuffling/substitution methods (e.g Caesar, Solitare, Vignere). The ...
36 views

### Using a Secure RNG in Probabilistic Fair Exchange

I am attempting to implement probabilistic fair exchange described in Probabilistic Non-Repudiation without Trusted Third Party. A secures a message using AES with 512 bit keys (in my ...
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### Substitution Permutation Network (SPN) - Decryption In Mathematica

I am working with a Substitution Permutation Function, SPN, in Mathematica. I have an encryption function for an SPN. By changing the parameters that go into the spn function, and not the function ...
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### Why the Symmetric Key algorithm requires small key compared to Asymmetric algorithm? [duplicate]

According to a book I am studying: The key lengths for symmetric and asymmetric algorithms are dramatically different. For instance, an 80-bit symmetric key provides roughly the same security as a ...
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### Are there any noisy homomorphic encryption schemes?

Are there any Homomorphic Encryption(HE) schemes that result in noisy answers ? By noisy i mean , the answers could be approximately near the actual answers by noise factor $\epsilon$. For example , ...
41 views

### Vigenère + columnar transposition

I'm trying to decode a text which is encoded by Vigenère followed by a columnar transposition. The method I want to use is trying random columnar transpositions and then rating how much the text that ...
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### Recover keys using statistical saturation attack

I am having trouble here performing this attack on a block cipher. This is my block cipher, it is a toy with really bad diffusion just for the sake of performing a successful attack ...
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### What can cause similar MD5 hashes

I have a set of MD5 hashes with huge similarities in the second half of the hash, (made up) examples: ...
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### Is there any pattern in points on EC?

I read some where in crypto.stackexchange answer (related to EC-SRP protocol) that there is pattern in points on elliptic curves, i.e. if given some points containing mix of correct and wrong points ...
146 views

### PKCS#7 signed data structure in signed PDF document

Is it mandatory to include PKCS#7 data (OID 1.2.840.113549.1.7.1) octet string into the sequence of PKCS#7 signed data? I mean if you want to sign PDF, you are basically adding PKCS#7 container ...
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### Assemble RSA keys from components [closed]

I'm studying openpgp cryptography and struggling to understand some things. I can't use pgp tool for generating keys and ecryption, but have to write a simple app to generate keys, encrypt and decrypt ...
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### Keystore and configuration file

It appears that Java Keystore is often used by web server using a configuration file, with the password opening the JKS written in it and also the password protecting the specific entry. How could ...
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### RSA: If I know n, e, p, and q, how do I calculate d using the extended euclidean algorithm? [duplicate]

After doing a good amount of research, it's become fairly obvious that I ought to be using the extended Euclidean algorithm to calculate d from the data that I already have. However, this isn't an ...
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### common ways / methods to try to break a SP network

I have a very little cryptography background (but a relatively solid maths background) so my below question is very general. Basically I have been given a SP network with an output to reverse. I ...
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### Key Confirmation Attack [Key Distribution Center (KDC)]

Okay this is how I understood it according to this: Alice $A$ establishes a connection to $KDC$ and prepares for session key Exchange $k_{ses}$ $A$ encrypts the request with her key $k_A(A, B)$ ...
Small description: consider a polynomial in GF($2^8$) , which has the form $$f(x) = b_7x^7 + b6x^6 + b_{5}x^5 + b_4x^4 + b_3x^3 + b_2x^2 + b_1x + b_0$$ If we multiply by x , we have x * f(x) = ...