All Questions

2answers
313 views

Public-key cryptosystems without poly-time quantum attacks

It's well-known that Shor's algorithm can solve integer factorization, discrete logarithm and discrete log over elliptic curves in cubic time. This implies that cryptosystems like RSA, ElGamal, and ...
1answer
5k views

What does AES256-CTS-HMAC-SHA1-96 mean in relation to Kerberos?

I'm not completely clueless as to what it means, but I'd like to understand it at a higher level. The highest encryption type used by Active Directory domain controllers for Kerberos authentication ...
1answer
242 views

Decryption or attacking DES encrypted file

I have a file that has been encrypted using DES and am looking to decrypt and find a secret message encoded. All I have is the file which is full of binary data. There is no key or anything else which ...
1answer
133 views

Can Diffie-Hellman generate values in a specified range?

Is there any way to generate values only between $0$ and $255$ with the Diffie-Hellman method? I need to create keys for communication algorithms with $32$ and $16$ numbers between that range. The ...
0answers
164 views

Perfect Forward Secrecy in MTI/A0

Would the property of perfect forward secrecy still be achieved in MTI/A0 for a session key that was established between C and D when one LL-key aD is revealed so that both LL-keys aC and aD are ...
2answers
124 views

PPT eavesdroper able to output $m_{0}$ and $m_{1}$ of different lengths

I've read the following two questions and their answers: Messages of different lengths and one-time computationally-secret Why is a non fixed-length encryption scheme worse than a fixed-length one? ...
1answer
160 views

Security based on PRF

I've seen that there is several kinds of PRF, and sometimes people speak about strong PRFs. When proofs of a protocol or algorithm are given based on the assumption of the use of a PRF, are they ...
1answer
111 views

Is there a relation between security of rounds of DES and Luby Rackoff rounds?

DES uses 16 rounds of feistel networks but not considered secure . Where Luby Rackoff constructions which are inspired by DES its proven by Patarin that 7 rounds is secure . Is there a relation ...
1answer
356 views

Why is an IV used in Merkle–Damgård transform?

In Merkle–Damgård transform, a fixed vector IV is chosen at the beginning, and it is hashed together with the first block x1. I wonder why we don't use x1 straightforward, i.e. hash x1 and the next ...
3answers
1k views

How do I test my encryption? (absolute amateur)

I am a hobby programmer with a background in biology and have developed an encryption program based on DNA. I tried to make it hard to crack, but it's essentially a substitution cipher and uses the ...
1answer
741 views

How can an encryption scheme be indistinguishable with multiple messages but vulnerable to an adaptive chosen-plaintext attack?

In order to be indistinguishable with respect to multiple messages, wouldn't the scheme need to be nondeterministic? How would this then possibly be vulnerable to an adaptive CPA?
1answer
499 views

In elliptic curve cryptography, how is “A dot A” computed?

I was just reading Ars Technica's primer on ECC. Somewhere near the middle of the second page, the author introduces the "dot" operation that takes an elliptic curve and two other known points, giving ...
1answer
225 views

What does this Authentication protocol achieve and what information is shared?

I'm having trouble with the following question from my class: "What is the purpose of the protocol, and how does it achieve this purpose and what shared information does A and B end up after ...
1answer
366 views

What is the difference between various modes in FPE?

Format preserving encryption has three modes FE1( FFX) , FE2(VAES) , FE3(BPS) . All of them are based on Feistel Networks .Can somebody explain how they differ from each other ?
1answer
323 views

How do I sign data that's been encrypted using public key? (RSA)

I've received a public key to encrypt my data for the other end to decrypt using their private key. Now, they want us to sign the data as well to ensure non-repudiation. I thought that I should only ...
1answer
82 views

How to pass an arbitrary signature to a certificate

I am trying to sign certificate (X509) using secret sharing. That is shareholders combine their signatures to produce the final signature which will be in this case the signed certificate. However ...
1answer
202 views

Are there any protocols that are truly secure from active and passive MITM attacks?

Are there are any cryptographic protocols or algorithms that can prevent active MITM attacks or interference when initiating a new connection to a server or someone you have not exchange keys with ...
1answer
559 views

Why is it important to generate a pseudorandom permutation from a pseudorandom function?

Most of the papers on block cipher constructions, especially the ones which discuss constructing block ciphers of arbitrary lengths or small domains, the techniques are designed based on building a ...
2answers
461 views

Is encrypting credit card numbers one by one with rsautl secure?

I wish to encrypt credit card numbers one by one using asymmetric encryption on the command line. My current approach is this… Encrypt: ...
2answers
641 views

Certificateless cryptography

While reading "Certificateless Public Key Cryptography" by Author Sattam S. Al-Riyami and Kenneth G. Paterson, they have considered generation of private keys by a Key Generation Center (KGC). If the ...
1answer
873 views

OpenPGP/X.509 bridge: how to verify public key?

I'd like to use OpenPGP authentication over TLS, but lack of implementations made me use a temporary solution: an OpenPGP/X.509 bridge certificate. The approach is very similar to the approach used ...
1answer
428 views

Verification of identity by certification authority

I have question about how a user's identity is verified by a Certification Authority. As I understand it, the process works as follows: User generates his private key and (with the help of private ...
0answers
165 views

About Elliptic Curve ElGamal, 3 simple problems I have trouble with

In Elliptic Curve ElGamal, why are a=b=1 always legal for primes whose lengths are no shorter than 11(2) bits long? Is there any reason why the Point at Infinity can always be encoded as (0,0)? ...
2answers
446 views

Are there any bijective one-way functions not based on number-theoretic hardness assumptions?

I'm trying to find a bijective function $y=F(x)$ which should be easy to compute in one direction but hard to compute in the other, where the one-way property is not based on a number theoretic ...
4answers
1k views

Security proofs for CBC mode

I'm looking for different approaches to proofs for the security of CBC mode encryption. What are the best sources of information about this subject?
2answers
170 views

Would this program be useful in cryptography?

I know nothing of encrypting. I'm not even sure how to tag this. I wrote a program that can calculate this pretty quickly on my macbook pro 2.3GHz IntelCore i7. The two exponents are Mersenne primes, ...
1answer
1k views

Signature algorithm SHA 1-2 with ECDSA

Can someone please explain what key sizes are required for the ECDSA algorithm? I tried a 128 bit EC Key for SHA1withECDSA and it throws an error. However with 256 bit key I could run the algorithm. ...
1answer
672 views

AES-CTR mode and the Biclique Attack

The biclique attacks that break AES (Biclique Cryptanalysis of the full AES) appear to require decryption oracles to work, presumably because the key schedule of AES is weaker in the decryption ...
0answers
161 views

2answers
326 views

Is multiplicative secret sharing secure?

I suggested mulitiplicative secret sharing in an answer to another question, but noted that I wasn't sure if it was even secure and was hoping someone would comment on the security. Since no one did, ...
3answers
344 views

Is it true, that non-military cryptography appeared in 50's and 60's only thanks to leaks from the NSA? [closed]

I'm not talking about scytale, but encryption like RSA, DES, etc... How did exactly civil cryptography evolve after WWII?
1answer
429 views

Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers - Runtime Question

I have a question regarding the paper "Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers" (http://eprint.iacr.org/2009/616.pdf): On page 6 after they set their parameters, it says "This setting results ...
2answers
108 views

Threshold cryptosystem with a required share

I am trying to find an implementation or variant of a (k, n) threshold cryptosystem (as described here Shamir's Secret Sharing) where we can fix at least one of the k key parts, i.e., instead of ANY k ...
1answer
233 views

Generator for Group $QR_{N}$

Let $N=PQ$, where $P=2p+1$ and $Q=2q+1$. $P,Q,p,q$ are prime numbers. $QR_{N}$ is the set of quadratic residues modulo $N$. Please help me to prove $QR_{N}$ is a cyclic group. Note: $QR_{P}$ and ...
3answers
1k views

What is so special about elliptic curves?

There seems to be sources like this, this also, and some introductions that discuss elliptic curves in general and how they're used. But what I'd like to know is why these particular curves are so ...
1answer
293 views

Generalizing a CBC-MAC collision with a common final message block

I found this question from a textbook but I don't really understand what it is asking: Suppose $c$ is $1$ block long, $a$ and $b$ are strings that are a multiple of the block length, and ...
1answer
207 views

Encrypted query parameters via HMAC

I have an unsubscribe link, which needs to be passed a customer id, and a product id, producing a query string something like: ?cid=100&pid=2 I would like to ...
2answers
888 views

Difference between collision resistance and target collision resistance

For a hash function, what's the difference between Collision Resistance and Target Collision Resistance?. I understand the definition of hash function collision resistance, but I don't know about ...
2answers
826 views

Computing p and q from private key

We are given n (public modulus) where n=pq and e (encryption exponent). Then I was able to crack the private key d, using Wieners attack. So now, I have (n,e,d). My question is, is there a way to ...
1answer
135 views

Why is $-1$ an illegal message in the Goldwasser-Micali Encryption Scheme

I'm not sure why in the Goldwasser-Micali encryption scheme with a Blum integer $N$, the message $-1$ is always a illegal message. Can you give me some direction for starting? What is illegal ...
3answers
919 views

random access stream cipher

Some time ago I was working in a pet project for a type of database engine. And I thought about securing the data in disk with encryption.. and since the main code was already developed.. I had a few ...
1answer
453 views

Appropriate AES key length for short term protection

Currently I'm doing some initial research for a fully connected distributed network communication model. The context here is a peer-to-peer multiplayer protocol, using a majority-voting system. More ...
1answer
336 views

Elliptic Curve Factorization: Why are elliptic curves suited for this kind of task?

Currently I'm working on a presentation of a paper that talks about the factorization of large numbers. In the paper elliptic curves are presented as a way to factorize large numbers. After hearing a ...
0answers
203 views

What aspects of information theory are used in modern cryptography? [closed]

In studying modern (and classical) cryptography, many notions from information theory crop up. Unicity distance, min-entropy, compression, encoding, etc. What parts of information theory should be ...
1answer
151 views

How to design a secure data container?

I want to design a secure data container that can be used to transfer encrypted data over a public network that can defeat common attacks. Data is already encrypted before entering this container so ...
2answers
187 views

Is there a name for this 'enhanced' caeser shift and if so, is it trivial to break?

This cipher shifts the letter that it will shift to, after each shift... I used to play with this when I was a kid. I was thinking about it recently and realized that it wasn't as simple as I ...
1answer
180 views

Matrix key exchange

Given is a square matrix $M$ over a field $F$, we have a key exchange with the following conditions: Person $X$ sends a message to Person $Y$: $C_{1}=AM$, where $A$ is a randomly chosen square ...
2answers
179 views

Can you give me an example of any PKC encrytion algorithm with coins?

I'm reading a Definition of Public Key Encryption and here say: ... Enc is a (possibly) probabilistic polynomial time encryption algorithm which takes as input a public key $pk$, a $m\in M$ and ...

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