# All Questions

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### How do different block sizes affect the throughput of GPU implementations of AES?

I am confused about the effect of different block sizes on AES performance. As you can see here, there is a huge gap between the throughput of different block sizes. As far as I know, every 16 bytes ...
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### Is there short period in AES 128 key schedule?

I am wondering if for some particular keys the AES 128 key schedule lead to a periodic pattern for the round keys. The key schedule is only 10 rounds, but I am also wondering in the general case where ...
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### Cryptography of numbers

Is there any algorithm capable of encrypt securely (symmetric) N numeric digits in a numeric message of M digits (N < M)? I am especially interested in a specific case in which N = 10 and M = N + ...
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### Few questions about CBC MAC

I want to use CBC MAC. First I hope to find some implementation of block cipher which I will use in CBC mode, which I understand is CBC MAC. But I have two questions: 1) If the length of the message ...
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### Probabilistic RSA, IND CPA

Suppose we have classic RSA scheme. Let $n=pq$, $e$ public, $d$ secret. Then message(M), not empty(not 0), is encrypted by choosing random $r$ and computing $A=(r^e)^e$ and $B=(Mr)^e$ $(A,B)$ is ...
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### Continuous stream of strong randomness from limited entropy?

I need a continuous (infinite) strong random generator, but I've only got limited entropy as seed. I know there's already a contradiction there, but I'm looking for a practical approach. Suppose I ...
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### Finding collisions for the DES F-function

It's known that for a given subkey, the F-function of the DES is not injective (see Is the DES F-function injective for a given subkey?). I am interested in efficiently finding collisions for this ...
119 views

### S boxes in Blowfish

I know how the s-boxes in blowfish are initialized, but how is the output sorted, I mean which bit from the input goes where in the box ? and what do mean they have 256 entries if they are 32-bit ...
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### RSA: must $d$ be an integer?

I am only taking baby steps in RSA. If $p=11$, $q=7$ and $e=3$, $$\phi(n) = 10*6 = 60$$ Then: $$d = (2 (\phi(n)) + 1 ) / 3 = 121/3$$ Should $d$ be kept as a non-integer or is such a $d$ invalid? ...
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### Rogue CA Certificate MD5 Collision Control

Papers from Marc Stevens et al show that X509 certificates that rely on MD5 signatures can break the assumed security model, that is, it allows for a forged certificate to have the same signature as a ...
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### Bilinear map assumpion

Is there an assumption that says from a tag $k\cdot e(g,g_1)^{rx}$ ($k,r$ are secret) it is difficult to forge it with some x': $k\cdot e(g,g_1)^{rx'}$, as long as you cannot solve DL in ...
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### how to calculate maximum data size of an RSA signature

I am reading a content, and am not sure if I follow how they come up with the maximum data size which can be signed by an RSA key. The author states: "...if you are trying to sign a message using a ...
138 views

### Cracking simple RSA when just the ciphertext and one public key is known

Can someone explain to me (Or better yet, point me to a tool that does the brute forcing) how to crack a standard, simple RSA cipher (So don't bother with padding) if I know just one public key, the ...
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### Proving collision resistance of a hash function?

Let $f$, $g$, and $h$ be hash functions that each map binary strings of length $2n$ to binary strings of length $n$. Suppose that $h(x) = f(g(x)||g(x))$. Prove that if $f$ and $g$ are collision ...
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### Key material leak from initialized cipher?

Let's imagine that cipher (say AES256 in CBC mode) is initialized when application starts: ...
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### Time complexity of trial division

Suppose $n=pq$, where p,q are prime numbers. let $p ( \le q)$ be the smallest prime, then we know that $p \le \sqrt{n}$. In trail division, we check $n \mod i$ for the values of $i$ from 2 to ...
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### Help with pseudorandom functions

I started a new lecture this year about crypto and I've had a few problems in the first few weeks with the exercises we got. I would appreciate a "guide" on how to solve problems like the following ...
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### How many Hashes to find a digest of 2^{n−k}?

Given an n-bit cryptographic hash function $H$, how many messages should we expect to hash before finding a message $x$ such that $H(x) < 2^{n−k}$ for some integer k? My take: Shouldn't it simply ...
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### Alter plaintext in block cipher AES in CBC mode

How can I alter the plaintext before decryption by changing the IV? I know what the value of the plaintext should be. I also know the value of the IV (initial vector). The IV and the AES block are ...
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### With ECDSA is there a way for the verifier to calculate any properties of $k$?

With ECDSA, given $(r,s)$ and $m$, is there a way for a verifier to calculate any (boolean) properties of $k$, without knowing $k$ or the private key $D_A$? (I understand that $k$ should be random, ...
200 views

### Is there an algorithm to hide text in another text, while preserving the meaning of the latter?

Is there a way to hide a text message $A$ inside another text $B$ using a cryptographic cipher/algorithm, while preserving the sense/meaning of $B$ and without anybody being able to notice there is a ...
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### Storing a secure key in an embedded device's memory

I am working on an embedded device which send/receive data and stored them in ciphertext mode (encrypted mode ). Now what's best approach for storing Keys (I used ARM CORTEX M series MCU) ? Storing ...
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### How to use a secret to allow the generation of public keys, where the private keys can be calculated later

Alice has a secret S and publishes some public information P, about S which is insufficient ...
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### PRF that can be distinguished after $k$ queries?

In adaptive attacks, if we design poorly, adversary can modify his queries and break the given pseudo random function (that is being able to distinguish it from uniform randomness). Is there a poor ...
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### Degree of M and Max Sequence Length for LFSR

For the LFSR mod 2, determine the degree of m and maximum sequence length s_(i+3)≡ s_i+s_(i-2)+s_(i-4) mod 2 determine the degree of m and the maximum ...
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### Deriving a Set of Seeds from a Seed

I need a set of seeds $S=\{s_1,..., s_n\}$, for pseudo-random function where seed $s_i$ is used to generate a set of pseudo-random values. Obviously I need to be able to regenerate the sets of ...
221 views

### Encrypt large data with RSA through blocks in java

I'm working on a communication protocol where a client sends encrypted data to a server. What happens is that in some point, the client creates a symmetric key used to create data digests through the ...
225 views

### Testing hash functions for collision resistance

I was hoping to implement a software that allows testing a user-defined hash function for cryptographic properties (Meant to pique interest in cryptographic hash function for a school showcase), as ...
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### Security of SRP-6a against impersonating server choosing small/wrong N

I'm looking at an implementation of SRP (Secure Remote Password) that essentially follows the Stanford documentation (http://srp.stanford.edu/design.html). I'm worried about one aspect though: In the ...
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### Is my protocol that uses hybrid cryptography and AES-GCM secure?

I'm having a lot of trouble trying to understand how to implement AES-GCM. My usecase: Person A sent me a file with a gauranteed unique name. I want to be assured it was from person A, and that no ...
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### Byte size of Diffie-Hellman public values

I have a scenario that uses RFC-3526's Diffie-Hellman Group 14 for 2048 bit key exchanges. From the document, it specifies the P (prime) value in hexadecimal value as: ...
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### How can IND-CPA encryption be identity revealing?

This is problem 10 of Chapter 4 "Symmetric Encryption" (pdf) from Lecture notes by Bellare and Rogaway: An IND-CPA secure encryption scheme might not conceal identities, in the following sense: ...
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### DES and using the S-Box 1

Can someone please check my work and correct me if I am wrong, I am just starting to learn about DES. I am trying to solve the following problem: Show that ...
63 views

### How to generate backup key for PBKD functions?

I would like to encrypt some files using AES, Ill derive key from password using some standard PBKD function and use that as AES encryption key. My question is, if user forgets the main password, ...
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### Which ECB ciphertext stealing scheme is this?

I am stuck with identifying ciphertext stealing method with the following properties: mode of operation is ECB; recommended padding scheme for this application is PKCS#7, but apparently it is not ...
103 views

### PKCS#7 message content

I am using a vendor library that signs a text producing a PKCS#7 message. I'm not sure of the content of this message. Does a pkcs#7 message have to contain the signed message, the certificate, the ...
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### How does the Efficient Fully Homomorphic Encryption from (Standard) LWE work?

I am interesting to learn the low level implementation of Efficient Fully Homomorphic Encryption from (Standard) LWE and I am wondering if anyone can answer the following questions: Does the BV ...
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### Are Anonymity and Authentication possible together?

Anonymity and authentication look to be seemingly contradictory but are both possible together ? I tried reading couple of papers but could not get the big picture. So what are the major approaches ...
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### Is this scheme to derive multiple keys secure?

I need a cryptographic scheme to generate a deterministic chain of private keys that look random to outside observer but can always be reconstructed from a single root key, also: Neither private ...
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### Digital signatures using a partially public key

I'm thinking to sign a message using a key that is made up of a publicly shared key and a privately shared key. The operation for mixing the two keys could be concatenation, if it suffices. To ...
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### Help defining a shift cipher mathematically

For an assignment question, I am trying to prove formally that double encryption with two keys by the shift-cipher encryption function results in a shift cipher as well. If the Shift-cipher encryption ...
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### Sextic twist maps to q Eigenspace of Frobenius

Let $E(p)$ be a Barretto-Naehrig elliptic curve with r-torsion and embedding degree 12 and $E'$ a sextic twist with homomorphism $\psi$. How to show, that $E'$ has a unique r-torsion group $\psi$ ...
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### AES S-Box Affine Mapping - how to do it?

For the byte substitution layer in AES how do we determine B(i)? I follow how to use the multiplicative inverse table and using that to get B`(i), but how do I actually calculate the affine mapping? ...
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### Do random oracles are called even by honest users in the PAK protocol [BMK00]?

In the full-length proof of PAK scheme, the authors made extensive use of random oracles to extract (guessed) password from the messages generated by the real world adversary for the ideal world ...
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### In bilinear pairings, is it possible to let someone be only able to decrypt ciphertexts in $G_1$ but not able to decrypt the ciphertexts in $G$?

For example, in Don Boneh et al.'s paper "Evaluating 2-DNF Formulas on Ciphertexts", they gave an encryption system that the cihpertext can be in either $G$ (when only additional homomorphic ...
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### How to prove that the Permutation cipher is not CPA secure?

Encryption scheme is called a permutation cipher if every plaintext string with letters $a_1,\ldots, a_n$ is encrypted as $a_{\pi(1)}, \ldots, a_{\pi(n)}$ for some (not necessarily uniform) ...
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### If my server utilises an RSA based certificate, why does firefox think I am using Diffie Hellman?

I am not a beginner in crypto, but not that far from it, so please be gentle. I look after a web server app that I generated the SSL certificate for, and I used an RSA public/private keypair. When ...
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### Variable length variable output encryption with out any padding?

I would like to know if there is any encryption algorithm with variable input variable output with out any padding? For example if I give 16(17,18,67,117,..any size) bit plaintext, my ciphertext is ...