# All Questions

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### Is there a malleable pubkey digital signature scheme?

I'm trying to find a special kind of Digital Signature Scheme. The scheme should allow me to transform a signature $s=\text{sign}(sk,m)$ (for a private key $sk$ and a message $m$) into a signature ...
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### Definition of a Statistical Test

In Professor Boneh's online Cryptography course at Coursera, I am a little puzzled by his definition of a statistical test where he writes: A(x) = iff |#0(x) - #1(x)| <= 10.√n Now, if – as ...
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### Is timestamping possible without publishing?

The Wikipedia article Trusted Timestamping states that we can timestamp data by publishing it's hash. Publishing can be done either independently or via a third-party publisher, as explained by ...
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### How to compare different signature scheme's performance?

I am interested in comparing the computational performance of two signature schemes. However, I am unsure how to do that. My candidates are RSA and Shamir's ID Based Signature scheme. To get a fair ...
141 views

### Challenge–response authentication which can be done in head?

Say we have door where you have to say a password to pass. If theres someone standing nearby he would hear the password and could also use it. So therefore the doorman gives you a different number ...
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### Distributed authentication in low trust environment

I would like to inquire if there is any Method to achieve the following: There is a list $L$ of $n$ entities that are allowed to perform a certain action. $L$ is cryptographically signed by some ...
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### 1-1 trapdoor function mapping the set of $n$-bit numbers to themselves

I am looking for a trapdoor one-to-one function $f : \{0,1\}^n \rightarrow \{0,1\}^n$ (that is, mapping the set of $n$ bit numbers 1-1 onto itself [any $n$ is OK]). I was considering the use of ...
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### Client puzzle using hash

When a server is under attack, it send the client the following data: Nonce - a byte array of Y length Hash - the hash digest of the puzzle solution The client has to find X such as ...
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### RSA timing attack

Given an RSA implementation that uses Montgomery multiplications and CIOS exp algo, but NOT CRT. Given a decryption1 oracle that takes chosen cipher text and responds the plain text and the time it ...
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### Is this a secure (and correct) sign-then-encrypt technique for transferring messages?

After reading some information on the way iMessage works I have been working on writing some code to try my hand at securely transferring messages in a similar manner and I wanted to confirm that the ...
131 views

### Problem implementing MixBytes functionality in Groestl

Disclaimer: School work. I am trying to implement Groestl through Java, and have got stuck on the MixBytes section which can be found here section 3.4.5 page 11. As per the description of matrix ...
317 views

### Rainbow tables and blowfish

I'm thinking of implementing rainbow tables for a specific blowfish problem, but I have trouble thinking of the proper way to apply the original paper (and its application to hash functions) to ...
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### Parallel-resistant proof-of-work scheme without hidden knowledge

Follow-up to: Parallel-resistant proof-of-work scheme? Is there a proof-of-work scheme that: can only be solved serially; given the solution, can be verified in minimal time; deterministically ...
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### Random numbers for Master Key and Key_block

Exploration through RFCs concludes that random numbers used in the creation of Master Key and Key Block(Key material for Encryption Key and Mac Secret) are from ServerHello.random and ...
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### Should layered use of crypto always have a cryptographic binding between the layers?

Reading the latest TLS weakness, it seems that multiple weaknesses have been found over the years caused by not ensuring that messages are sent over the same channel, and in general a lack of ...
609 views

### Using RSA key pair for file encryption

I'm looking for a way to perform encrypted nightly backups of a server I administer, without storing the decryption key on the server. A form of PK encryption seems ideal for this, as I can store the ...
135 views

### Determine the iteration times using Pollard's rho Method for factoring

Let's say, we have a large number $n=181937053$ and $f(x)=x^2+1$. And also we know that $n=12391 \times 14683$. The problem is that ,using Pollard rho method, can we find the algorithm iteration ...
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### Sextic twist of BN pairing parameters vs security

I've previously asked questions on BN pairing parameters. Here's one more. In the BN construction, one is working in a subgroup of a curve over an extension field $\mathbf{F}_{p^{12}}$ for some ...
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### What RC4 key value will completely invert $S$ after initial permutation?

What RC4 key value will completely invert $S$ after the initial permutation, so that $S[0] = 255, S[1] = 254, …, S[254] = 1, S[255] = 0$?
218 views

### How does converting character set affect hash entropy?

Does mapping a large character-set hash onto a small character-set hash lower entropy for a fixed size substring? I'm writing a python app that involves generating passwords for websites. During the ...
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### Safe and computationally efficient way to verify a curve25519 identity?

A client identifies itself as a curve25519 public key. The server wants to verify the client owns the associated private key. Is there a safe and computationally efficient way of doing so? Which ...
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### Hash function that is efficient on GPU and poorly suited to ASIC

I have such requirements to the hash function in my project: operating on 32-bit data, not mathematically breakable (built on existing hashes known to be secure), free of branching, as much as ...
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### How to specify last $t$ bits are only sent when a signature is sent?

I have read that in cases where there is a limit on the amount of data sent over the network, one idea is to sent only $t$ bits of data rather than sending all the bits. For example, in the Schnorr ...
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### Is it feasible to break an encrypted and later encoded message?

A message is sent from a person to another. The plain message is first encrypted, even with a weak algorithm - say, DES. Then, the encrypted message is encoded with a simple substitution, which is ...
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### Factorization or discrete logarithm is difficult for an attacker?

I have read that difficulty in breaking many algorithms are based either on Factorization or discrete logarithm. I am reading about schemes that are similar to RSA which make use of integer ...
218 views

### inverse of scalar multiplier in ECC

I am learning to use ECC. i got into situation where i have $Q=abG$, where $G$ is the generator of the finite field formed on EC using a prime $p$ modulus and $a$ , $b$ are random numbers. now suppose ...
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### Rabin code same message sent with different $N$

I use Rabin code with modulus $N$. Now assume that Alice sends me a message $m$ $(1\le m\le N)$ encoded by Rabin code. Unfortunately after Alice sent me the text I lose the information about the ...
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### Looking for alternative key stretching

I am by no means a security expert, but I am curious whether functions that don't produce different outputs when raised to the power of N (without any psuedo-randomness) exist, that are as strong as ...
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### Distributed integer factorization?

I'm looking around for publicly published work on factorization of large numbers using distributed systems of any kind. So far I've come across the PDF "Mapreduce for integer factorization" by Javier ...
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### Can you show how that RSA does/doesn't provide anonymity?

Considering a CPA-secure version of RSA where the ciphertext is just a rundom element from $Z^*_N$. Does that meet the anonymity requirement in which an cpa adversary cannot distinguish between a ...
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### Random Number Generation with a Entropy pool versus Seed

To give a little background I'm currently implementing a crypto library in JavaScript. I have started porting across Linux's random number generator because its both publicly scrutinized, it is ...
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### Pohlig-Hellman exponentiation block cipher

Let $G$ be a group of order $n$ and let $e,d$ be integers such that $ed\equiv 1 \pmod{n}$. Then the exponentiation maps $x \mapsto x^e$ and $y \mapsto y^d$ are inverse maps on $G$. These maps give us ...
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### Is it possible to modify SSL handshakes to enable PFS while still using RSA during the handshake?

I know we could possibly be using DH key exchange, that would enable PFS. However, what if we make modifications on our SSL 3.0 handshake such that the only cipher we use is RSA for the achieving PFS? ...
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### Where can I find examples of ECC implemented in VHDL?

I am looking into implementing ECDSA signature and ECDH key agreement in a Xilinx FPGA. All the examples I have found of VHDL implementations skip over how to construct the low level ECC primitives ...
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### Can you provide an example in relation to Hidden Field Equations Multivariate?

I'm reading about Hidden Field Equations Multivariate scheme. My lecture states that the central map is a univariate polynomial $$P(X)=\sum_{i=0}^{r-1}\sum_{j=0}^{r-1}p_{ij}x^{q^i+q^j} \in K[X]$$ ...
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### Is there any analysis of freebsd's “geli” encrypted geometry provider?

I've done a few obvious searches on google and google scholar and not turned up any security analysis of FreeBSD's geli. Is there some out there, or has it gone unanalyzed since its introduction ...
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### $\phi$ function in Dual_EC_DRBG

I am trying to understand the operation of the Dual_EC_DRBG. I'm reading the formal specification (SP 800-90) and can't seem to find a definition of the $\phi$ function used throughout the definition ...
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### How can user privacy be preserved in certificateless cryptography?

In certificateless cryptography, how can a user preserve his privacy from Key Generation Center? If the KGC becomes malicious, how can the user's privacy be preserved? I read "Privacy-Preserving ...
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### What would make it impossible to deny that decryption of a package has taken place?

I'm part of a team designing a system where a user have to be able to read a certain package, if he has preformed an action or series of actions that makes it legal for him to do so. The tricky part ...
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### TCR hash functions from MD5

I'm reading Collision-Resistant Hashing: Towards Making UOWHFs Practical (pag. 10 and 11) and here say The most direct way to construct a TCR hash function is to key a function like MD5 or SHA-1. ...
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### Why does a joint leakage MPC protocol not directly apply to a disjoint leakage requirement?

In the paper "Multiparty Computation Secure Against Continual Memory Leakage" on pg. 1239 the footnote at the bottom points out the difference between $joint$ leakage and $disjoint$ leakage. The ...
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### Best group if one wants the discrete log problem to be hard?

Suppose one is implementing a cryptographic scheme over a group where one needs the discrete logarithm to be hard - what is the recommended group to use? I'm looking for a group where calculations are ...
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### What scheme will allow merging and splitting the result of a function?

I am wondering if it's possible to have a scheme as follows. Here is the scenario: we have a set of objects (e.g. strings) {O1, O2, ..., On} we have a set of users {U1, U2, ..., Um} each user asks ...
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### Could MITM securely identify identity?

Consider protocol like QUIC or MinimaLT which are essentially layer4 replacement for TCP/UDP (riding on top of UDP currently because of fear of random firewalls dropping new L4 protocol). From crypto ...