# All Questions

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### Why do the outputs of parties in an MPC protocol have to be indistinguishable from the ideal / real world (as opposed to inputs)?

In this paper at the bottom of pg. 1235 and beginning of pg. 1236 it says: An MPC protocol is said to be secure, if for every real world leakage adversary A there exists an ideal world ...
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### Has threefish successfully been attacked (practically or theoretically)?

Reading Schneier's "The Doghouse: Crypteto" dated September 30, 2009, I noticed Bruce Schneier stating: Threefish, the block cipher inside Skein, encrypts data at 7.6 clock cycles/byte with a 256-...
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### Why have 4th and 5th steps in Needham-Schroeder Protocol?

Why have 4th and 5th steps in Needham-Schroeder Protocol? It is said "These steps assure B that the original message it received (step 3) was not a replay.". But what is a replay here? And I don't ...
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### Why routers don't just use Diffie-Hellman protocol?

Routers could just use Diffie-Hellman protocol with any computer who tries to connect to that router. Then it would be impossible to eavesdrop for anyone. Only router and computer would know the ...
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### What happens when a root CA has its private key compromised?

What happens when a root CA has its private key compromised? Then all children in the tree are compromised too? And then all certificates are compromised? What needs to happen then? Related: - How ...
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### I've got my private key compromised. How does CRL work?

How does certificate revocation list (CRL) work? How can I send a request to the CA to add my current private key to the CRL, so no one except me can add my certificate to the CRL? Related: - How can ...
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### How can we get CA's public key?

To get a public key of some organization or someone we want to send an encrypted message to, we need to make a request to CA asking that organization's public key. CA then returns X509 certificate. It ...