# All Questions

573 views

### What would be the most effective way to brute force a 16 char AES key?

I have a file that is encrypted in AES using a 16 char string. The string is (a-zA-Z0-9) and .,?!. Also, it only contains words ...
493 views

### Other than brute force, are there any attacks on Threefish-512 using only a single known plaintext block?

As per title, other than brute force, are there any attacks on Threefish-512 using only a single plaintext block? Are there any attacks like this in any other cipher?
760 views

### OpenPGP Public-Key Encrypted Session Key Packet Key ID generation

Im probably just not reading something again, but: RFC 4880 says that a OpenPGP Public-Key Encrypted Session Key Packet (tag 1) is made up of ...
804 views

### Does the MixColumns step come before or after AddRoundKey in AES decryption?

I found these images depicting the AES decryption process: In the first image, the MixColumns step comes before the AddRoundKey step, while in the second image, the AddRoundKey will come before ...
222 views

### ECDSA - point order criterion

i am creating some primitive demostration for ECDSA over small curve (p < 229). But my implementation have some weird issues. Verify process return false even if the signature is correct. Because I ...
118 views

### Determine complexity of a SAT problem

Is there a standard way to determine a complexity of the specified SAT problem? I'm researching algebraic cryptanalysis and came to solving multivariate quadratic equation systems using CryptoMiniSat. ...
165 views

### Is it possible take a piece of data in secret?

I want something like this, but in a digital sense: You and others walk into a room. Everyone knows who each of you are and everyone is doing their best to figure out what piece of paper each ...
360 views

### Which encodings have |encoding key| >> |decoding key|?

I'm looking for an encoding scheme that requires a very large encoding key E (>10MB) and suffices with a relatively small decoding key ...
232 views

### Block ordering and security in a MAC?

To authenticate a message $m = m_1 \,\|\, \dots \,\|\,m_n$ the tag $t := F_k(r) \oplus F_k(m_1) \oplus \dotsb \oplus F_k(m_n)$ is used, where r is uniform random number $(0,1)^n$ and $m=(0,1)^n$. Even ...
281 views

### Is the SILC protocol still used? [closed]

I'm looking into implementing a private SILC server for friends (and possibly their friends). And after visiting the Wikipedia entry for SILC protocol, it seems all the official pages linked at the ...
8 views

### Not-So-Simple Substitution Cipher?

The first go-to weakness when talking about substitution ciphers is frequency analysis. It assumes that there's a simple 1 to 1 character mapping between the plain text and the cipher text. Could a ...
28 views

### Exponential cipher theory misunderstanding

Say I pick modulus $m=2633$ and key $e=13$ My private key $d$ is $13$ inverse in $\bmod 2632$ which I need to compute $(e,m)$ is my public key that anyone can use to encrypt message for me and then ...
25 views

### Montgomery multiplication without final subtraction

I am looking for methods to avoid the final subtraction in Montgomery multiplication. I found this paper "A Cryptographic Library for the Motorola DSP56000 " (http://goo.gl/DHePEx) In this paper they ...
87 views

### Where and how to store private keys in web applications for private messaging with web browsers

I am working on a web application enabling users to communicate over private messages which is just one part of the whole system. The main focus during my development process is to protect the privacy ...
41 views

### How secure is MD5 for one way authentication?

I have a server S1 with an Private String (PS) as an identifier shared with a server S2. Every 10 min S1 publish the hash value of PS+the current time which is used as public identifier (PI). Every ...
74 views

### Quantum vs. regular computing time to break ECC?

How long exactly would it take for a regular computer to crack an elliptic curve public/private key via bruteforce, vs. a quantum computer using Shor's algorithm with a couple thousand qubits? Can ...
33 views

### Possible enigma settings? [duplicate]

I'm writing an assignment about the Enigma machine, and i'm trying to calculate the amount of settings the enigma machine has. I have found several sites regarding this topic, but it seems like there ...
21 views

### MAC-then-encrypt: Using one-time-MAC with randomized CTR

The Coursera cryptography 1 course says: If you want to use MAC-then-encrypt mode then you should either use randomized-CTR or randomized-CBC. And if you use randomized-CTR then one-time-MAC ...
37 views

### Application level encryption and key renewal

I had posted this question on stackoverflow and been asked to move it to crypto. What is your view on this? What is the doability? I have a question related to encrypting data in the database, at the ...
57 views

### How to normalize data of a generic HTTP request for the purpose of signing

I am working on PowerAuth 2.0, a solution for counter-based signing of HTTP requests (for the purpose of mobile banking). One of the tasks that I solved somehow but I am still not happy with the ...
24 views

### Security of randomized data dependant key schedules?

An example to demonstrate the point with two Feistel networks: Cipher A: \begin{align} roundkey = hash(key || counter)\\ roundkey = hash(key || roundkey)\\ left = left\oplus hash(roundkey || ...
33 views

### How to break a Quagmire 3 cipher?

What would be a good way to go about attacking a Quagmire 3 cipher? I understand that it is polyalphabetic with a key and an indicator. I have started by taking the cipher text, taking every n-th ...
40 views

### DTLS 1.2 Finished message

I am implementing DTLS 1.2 and using ECDHE_RSA_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 cipher suit. Below is my client finished message Can anyone explain this message? How many bytes for verify data? Is there ...
65 views

### Simulation-Based Proof: When a Secret Key is Involved

Assume we have a protocol in which a party receives an encrypted random polynomial. The polynomial is encrypted using his public key. We want to construct a simulator for this party (so this party ...
16 views

### finished message layout in TLS version 1.2 [duplicate]

Is there anyone that can explain what wrong with my understanding about 'finished message layout' in TLS version 1.2 ? I'm trying to implement it for my own purpose, upgrading host-to-host ...
46 views

### Encrypting/Decrypting using RSA and AES; standards?

I'm looking for a standard way of encrypting and signing a message using RSA and AES. I understand that in pseudo code the actions taking place are like this: Alice's actions for sending a secret, ...
32 views

### Does a password that's cracked someone's account increase the chances of cracking someone else's account?

For every find in password that cracks someone's account, does that particular password have a higher probability of cracking someone else's account more than a brute force dictionary choice? How ...
54 views

### Is it possible to enumerate the possible RSA keys? [duplicate]

As far as I understand ECDSA keys are smaller than RSA because all of the value of the ECDSA (up to a high number) are valid private keys. Is there any method of compressing RSA keys, based on some ...
28 views

### Algorithm to rotate values in a predefined manner

I will start with an example. Some beacon like estimote Beacons use something called secure ID. The ID transmitted by the beacon change every 10 minutes autonomously without contacting the server. ...
55 views

### Is 3 rounds more secure than 2 in this simplified DES?

Consider the following simplification of DES: a plaintext message block of $2n$ bits of length is divided into two blocks of length $n$ (left half $L_0$ and right half $L_1$). In other words, the ...
47 views

### Triple DES with 2 keys

Suppose triple DES is performed by choosing two keys $K_1$ and $K_2$ and computing $C = T (T (T (L, K_1), K_2), K_2)$. How to attack this modified version with a meet-in-the-middle attack, in which ...
54 views

### Is it safe to encrypt data using XOR along with CSPRNG seeded with a truly random number? [closed]

I was wondering a couple of days ago whether I could reverse the normal encryption order to produce a good AES based cipher variant. The method is as follows: Two users, Alice and Bob, each have a ...
25 views

### Determining an encryption key when ciphertext and algorithm are known

I would like to know how I can tell that I have successfully performed an exhaustive search attack on an encrypted message. Here are the conditions: key is 40 bit I am aware of the cipher text and ...
37 views

### How to use OpenSSL command line utility to encrypt data with encrypted key from public key?

I may not be asking the right question. I am fairly new to data encryption. I am currently being sent encrypted data that's stored as follows: [ [keysize] [key encrypted with public key] [ivsize] ...
61 views

### What functional encryption scheme can be used to compute a linear function?

I am looking for a functional encryption scheme that can compute a linear function. I do not need to work with attributes. All I want is to compute the result of a function $y = a*x+b$, where $x$ is ...
54 views

### Does using a verifiable secret sharing scheme ensure robustness of a protocol if it is secure under the semi-honest adversarial model

Consider a protocol $\pi$ which uses a linear secret sharing scheme like that of Shamir secret sharing. Further assume that the protocol $\pi$ has been proven to be secure (correctness and privacy) ...
28 views

### Some confusions about Repeated Doubling Algorithm?

The following repeated point doubling algorithm is taken from the book Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography by D. Hankerson, A. Menezes, and S. Vanstone on page#93. Clearly, this algorithm is ...
28 views

### Crypto lib that use files instead of passphrase

I would like to program an application to allow people to encrypt files without using a password or pass-phrase but an arbitrary long file. I'm searching for a library that allows me to safely create ...
50 views

### Can I always derive a key pair from password+salt with libsodium?

I'm using libsodium to create public/secret key pairs from a password and salt combination by using crypto_pwhash_scryptsalsa208sha256 to generate a seed and ...
60 views

### Calculating the discrete logarithm

I'm given a prime number $p = 1217$ I'm also given the following equations:  40 \equiv \log2 \pmod{64} \\ 63 \equiv \log3 \pmod{64} \\ 13 \equiv \log5 \pmod{64} \\ 13 \equiv \log2 \pmod{19} \\ 10 ...
43 views

### Why is Siphash-128 considered “experimental”?

Why is Siphash-128 still considered "experimental"? What does this mean?
137 views

### Verifying Without Knowing Key

Say user Bob sends an encrypted message to a server. People can download the message from this server and later get the key directly from Bob. Is it possible for the server to somehow verify that ...
20 views

### How do I prove the tracing part in a ring signature model?

I have a question about the article “efficient and multi-level privacy-preserving communication protocol for VANET” by H. Xiong et al. I need the ID of malicious vehicle, but I could not prove how I ...
42 views

### Security implication of deriving key with fixed salt for files authentication

Context: I need to calculate MAC for a collection of files just for future integrity and authentication verification. This is the conceptual order of steps: Derive a 64 bytes key from user input ...
48 views

### Given a public-key encryption and signature scheme, define a new primitive

I'm new to cryptography and am currently working on the following question: Say you are given a public-key encryption scheme $\Pi_e=(\mathcal{K}_e,\mathcal{E},\mathcal{D})$ and a signature scheme ...
53 views

### Format Preserving Encryption FF1 Samples

NIST published methods for Format-Preserving Encryption and there is a link in the document giving examples for FF1 methods. I am confused by the value of R given in the examples. $R$ is the output ...
29 views

### WPA-PSK authentication without password [closed]

Suppose I have a service in which I allow users to share their WiFi connection. When sharing their connection, users provide their WPA PSK password to my service. Now if somebody wants to use this ...
32 views

### Increase in security with increase in size of salt [duplicate]

Does increasing or doubling the size of salt result in improved security? It will require some extra time to brute force the passwords, but any added advantage?