# All Questions

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### Simple Code Salsa20 in java [closed]

i am doing some simple research in cryptography. i need simple salsa20 in java without libr (in 1 class). can some one give me simple code to encryp and decryp plaintext from byte[] in java?
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### Comparison on Ciphertext with Helib

Is it possible to do a greater than homomorphic comparison in the form ($c_1 < c_2$) on two ciphertexts using Helib? The equal comparison ($c_1 == c_2$) can be done in modulus 2 by adding both ...
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### Key Distribution Center Key Protocol Analysis

As shown in the image, why is Circle 1 to be B and Circle 2 to be A? Why is not the opposite, that is, Circle 1 to be A and Circle 2 to be B? like this picture From my understanding, Notation B in ...
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### hash function for elliptic curve co-ordinates

Is there any hash function which takes the co-ordinates of an elliptic curve $E_p(a,b)$ as input and gives an integer value i.e. $h(.) : \{(x,y) \in E_p(a,b)\} \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}$
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### is Authentication tag always appended at last to ciphertext in AES-GCM 256? [duplicate]

I am using AES GCM 256 to encrypt/decrypt a UUID string,We are using java 7 + bouncy castle library for this,We are getting authentication tag of 128 bit ,i am confused ,whether it's position is ...
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Good evening, I'm about to write my own quadratic sieve implementation in C using GMP library for large numbers. I'm facing an issue while attempting to do the last factorization step for the number: ...
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### Where and how to store private keys in web applications for private messaging with web browsers

I am working on a web application enabling users to communicate over private messages which is just one part of the whole system. The main focus during my development process is to protect the privacy ...
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### How secure is MD5 for one way authentication?

I have a server S1 with an Private String (PS) as an identifier shared with a server S2. Every 10 min S1 publish the hash value of PS+the current time which is used as public identifier (PI). Every ...
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### How to approach to solve cipher text with fixed length key (which is repeating)?

I took a project to solve for lecture. In my project for a given cipher text(length 2031), I have a key (Picture of example is given.) which I do not know the length of it. So I started to try to find ...
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### Possible enigma settings? [duplicate]

I'm writing an assignment about the Enigma machine, and i'm trying to calculate the amount of settings the enigma machine has. I have found several sites regarding this topic, but it seems like there ...
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### MAC-then-encrypt: Using one-time-MAC with randomized CTR

The Coursera cryptography 1 course says: If you want to use MAC-then-encrypt mode then you should either use randomized-CTR or randomized-CBC. And if you use randomized-CTR then one-time-MAC ...
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### How to normalize data of a generic HTTP request for the purpose of signing

I am working on PowerAuth 2.0, a solution for counter-based signing of HTTP requests (for the purpose of mobile banking). One of the tasks that I solved somehow but I am still not happy with the ...
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### How to break a Quagmire 3 cipher?

What would be a good way to go about attacking a Quagmire 3 cipher? I understand that it is polyalphabetic with a key and an indicator. I have started by taking the cipher text, taking every n-th ...
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### DTLS 1.2 Finished message

I am implementing DTLS 1.2 and using ECDHE_RSA_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 cipher suit. Below is my client finished message Can anyone explain this message? How many bytes for verify data? Is there ...
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### Simulation-Based Proof: When a Secret Key is Involved

Assume we have a protocol in which a party receives an encrypted random polynomial. The polynomial is encrypted using his public key. We want to construct a simulator for this party (so this party ...
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### Does revealing shares of the result reveals shares of the inputs?

Suppose Alive and Bob have shares of two polynomials $P,Q$, say, Alice knows $P_A,Q_A$, Bob knows $P_B,Q_B$ s.t. $P=P_A+P_B$ and $Q=Q_A+Q_B$. They perform some operation $f$ over the shared values, to ...
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### finished message layout in TLS version 1.2 [duplicate]

Is there anyone that can explain what wrong with my understanding about 'finished message layout' in TLS version 1.2 ? I'm trying to implement it for my own purpose, upgrading host-to-host ...
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### Encrypting/Decrypting using RSA and AES; standards?

I'm looking for a standard way of encrypting and signing a message using RSA and AES. I understand that in pseudo code the actions taking place are like this: Alice's actions for sending a secret, ...
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### Does a password that's cracked someone's account increase the chances of cracking someone else's account?

For every find in password that cracks someone's account, does that particular password have a higher probability of cracking someone else's account more than a brute force dictionary choice? How ...
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### Is it possible to enumerate the possible RSA keys? [duplicate]

As far as I understand ECDSA keys are smaller than RSA because all of the value of the ECDSA (up to a high number) are valid private keys. Is there any method of compressing RSA keys, based on some ...
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### Is there any symmetric key cipher (block or stream cipher) providing partial decryption? [duplicate]

symmetric key cipher (block or stream cipher) providing partial decryption of data at some points. Although the entire data has not been decrypted, the data decrypted to that specific point should be ...
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### Algorithm to rotate values in a predefined manner

I will start with an example. Some beacon like estimote Beacons use something called secure ID. The ID transmitted by the beacon change every 10 minutes autonomously without contacting the server. ...
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### Is 3 rounds more secure than 2 in this simplified DES?

Consider the following simplification of DES: a plaintext message block of $2n$ bits of length is divided into two blocks of length $n$ (left half $L_0$ and right half $L_1$). In other words, the ...
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### Triple DES with 2 keys

Suppose triple DES is performed by choosing two keys $K_1$ and $K_2$ and computing $C = T (T (T (L, K_1), K_2), K_2)$. How to attack this modified version with a meet-in-the-middle attack, in which ...
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### Is it safe to encrypt data using XOR along with CSPRNG seeded with a truly random number? [closed]

I was wondering a couple of days ago whether I could reverse the normal encryption order to produce a good AES based cipher variant. The method is as follows: Two users, Alice and Bob, each have a ...
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### Determining an encryption key when ciphertext and algorithm are known

I would like to know how I can tell that I have successfully performed an exhaustive search attack on an encrypted message. Here are the conditions: key is 40 bit I am aware of the cipher text and ...
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### How to use OpenSSL command line utility to encrypt data with encrypted key from public key?

I may not be asking the right question. I am fairly new to data encryption. I am currently being sent encrypted data that's stored as follows: [ [keysize] [key encrypted with public key] [ivsize] [...
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### What functional encryption scheme can be used to compute a linear function?

I am looking for a functional encryption scheme that can compute a linear function. I do not need to work with attributes. All I want is to compute the result of a function $y = a*x+b$, where $x$ is ...
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### Does using a verifiable secret sharing scheme ensure robustness of a protocol if it is secure under the semi-honest adversarial model

Consider a protocol $\pi$ which uses a linear secret sharing scheme like that of Shamir secret sharing. Further assume that the protocol $\pi$ has been proven to be secure (correctness and privacy) ...
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### Are collision-resistant hash functions even possible? [see description] [duplicate]

Surely there can be no real collision resistant Hash function since hash values are of finite size which means there are finitely many of them, but there are an infinite number of messages we could ...
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### Parallel file encryption and authentication for large files

For a cloud storage upload client I want to encrypt files during upload, so that they cannot be read by the cloud service provider or anyone who gains access to the account. I would like to use some ...
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### Can I always derive a key pair from password+salt with libsodium?

I'm using libsodium to create public/secret key pairs from a password and salt combination by using crypto_pwhash_scryptsalsa208sha256 to generate a seed and ...
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### Calculating the discrete logarithm

I'm given a prime number $p = 1217$ I'm also given the following equations:  40 \equiv \log2 \pmod{64} \\ 63 \equiv \log3 \pmod{64} \\ 13 \equiv \log5 \pmod{64} \\ 13 \equiv \log2 \pmod{19} \\ 10 \...
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### Why is Siphash-128 considered “experimental”?

Why is Siphash-128 still considered "experimental"? What does this mean?
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### Verifying Without Knowing Key

Say user Bob sends an encrypted message to a server. People can download the message from this server and later get the key directly from Bob. Is it possible for the server to somehow verify that ...
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### How do I prove the tracing part in a ring signature model?

I have a question about the article “efficient and multi-level privacy-preserving communication protocol for VANET” by H. Xiong et al. I need the ID of malicious vehicle, but I could not prove how I ...
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### WPA-PSK authentication without password [closed]

Suppose I have a service in which I allow users to share their WiFi connection. When sharing their connection, users provide their WPA PSK password to my service. Now if somebody wants to use this ...
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### Increase in security with increase in size of salt [duplicate]

Does increasing or doubling the size of salt result in improved security? It will require some extra time to brute force the passwords, but any added advantage?
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### Deriving Minimum Description Length of Substitution Key

Given a plaintext: Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country because the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. and a substitution ciphertext: Mpe od yjr yo,r ...
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### Sigma protocol: witness hiding

I am working on an assignment and I am stuck with the last part of proving witness hiding for the protocol. I have previously proved it is witness indistinguishable, and it has q (primer number ...
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### What is the starting point of Hellman's TMTO method?

I understand what is happening and how the endpoint is computed but I'm still a bit unsure of where "SP" (Staring Point) came from. Are the starting points, randomly selected keys from the key-space n?...
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### Should we use exponent 3 in RSA-OAEP?

As I understand it the proof that RSA-OAEP is secure in the random oracle model is much tighter for exponent 3. Does that mean that exponent 3 should be chosen?
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### Why does HS1-SIV allow forgeries when the SIV collides, even when the PMN does not collide?

The HS1-SIV authors claim that forgeries are possible if an SIV collision occurs. However, I do not understand how this is possible unless the PMN collides too. Otherwise, the collision will be in ...
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### Is parallel, vectorized NORX nearly as fast as hardware-accelerated AES-GCM?

As I understand it, NORX gets 3.5 CPB in an unoptimized implementation. But NORX can be parallelized. With 4-way SIMD, I would expect about 7/8 CPB performance. This is nearly as good as AES-GCM in ...
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### How to encrypt an image with logistic chaotic map?

I need to encrypt color images, using logistic chaotic map. Could you please recommend an algorithm for this? All the articles that I've found on the Internet are completely unclear.
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### AES - Size of T-Boxes and obtaining T-Box values

In article "A high performance ST-Box based unified AES encryption/decryption architecture on FPGA" (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141933115001945) two 32Kb dual-port BRAMs are ...