# All Questions

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As always we are trying to improve password storage; before just adding new ways of storing our password we need to define what threats we will mitigate by adding in a new way to store our password. ...
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### How exactly to extract information base 10 from a PGP RSA key pair?

I think I understand the mathematics of RSA ok. I'm not so computer savvy though. How, exactly, can I extract $n$, $e$, $d$, $p$ and $q$ from a PGP RSA public key pair? Is there like a converter ...
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### If I know the salt, can I decrypt the commitment?

Say, I salt my key(K) with y. So, my new Key is K' = Salt(K+y). Now, Alice sends commitment = E[K',M] to Bob. Bob knows the salt(y), but not K nor K'. Can Bob decrypt the message?
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### Size of a MAC for a quickly checked message?

Let suppose that we have to check a message that was written one second ago. The message is discarded immediately after having being checked. What "minimal" size for such a MAC is secure ? Thank you. ...
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I have RTS game, where all players run game and server just relays messages. Game can generate and store text file on player pc. I want to allow some players to be moderators, so I need to sign or ...
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### Is it possible to decrypt this message with partially known data? [closed]

The following highlighted text must contains 547a5e0e008be33730158d63ce844e67 data. I don't know about encryption method and key. Is it possible to decrypt it? ...
355 views

### Encryption and HMAC in a PSKC file

This is the PSKC standard https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6030.txt In Section 6.1 6.1. Encryption Based on Pre-Shared Keys They have the following ...
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### Embedded devices Authentication, Integrity and Confidentiality

Embedded devices send messages to the server. The server occasionally sends messages to individual devices(Reboot, upgrade firmware etc) After some research this is my ad-hoc solution: 1) Each ...
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### Specific example of a MAC in TLS?

This seems like quite a dumb question, but I really don't know if I'm finding a answer anywhere. I understand that if i access a website that is secured with TLS, we exchange ciphersuites and so on, ...
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### Possible hashing scheme

Plaintext(binary) : 10101100 //very short for easy understanding Suppose we have 4 predefined schemes/functions, rotate (101 -> 011) flip (1101 -> 1011) exchange (11011 -> 10111) stretch (1100 -> ...
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### Timelock puzzle improvment

I came across this question with this answer about a cryptographic timelock-puzzle that needs approximately 30 years to be solved. There is also an explanation with source code for that puzzle ...
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### Is there (this) a case in which salting is dispensable?

tl;dr this is not a duplicate of "what is a salt/why use salt?" question. Instead it is specificly asking when salt may not be necessary for hashing securly? (i.e. when the data being hashed is ...
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### What cipher algorithm is this routine using? [closed]

I transfered a code routine from Java to Python: ...
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### practical use of homomorphic encryption

Are RSA and Elgamal partially homomorphic techniques? which one is better if one want to use it for practical purpose? and is there some FHE technique which can be used practically?
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### SHA1 - SSL/TLS Cipher Suite

SHA-1 is on the way to deprecation, in particular for digital certification (x509). But I can't find ressources about SHA-1 deprecation from SSL/TLS Cipher Suites. Is it implicit, as deprecation ...
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### RSA Cryptosytsem, choosing $e$ [duplicate]

I am using the RSA crytposytem. I have $p$, $q$ and hence $n$ and $\phi$ however I don't understand how to get $e$ such that $gcd(e,\phi)=1$ Many thanks
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### Does SHA-1 hash have quasi commutative property? [closed]

Although I have tested with a program and found negative answer, I want to be sure.
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### Does MD5 hash have quasi commutative property? [duplicate]

I am implementing a one-way accumulator using MD5 hash, wondering wheather it has quasi commutative property or not.
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### if using cbc+hmac dealing with small size of data(less than 128bit) , will it cause any problem?

if use AES-cbc,HMAC-SHA256, and there is some txt needed to be enc, and I divide this txt into small packages with variable length, then enc them. some of these package can be less than 128bit. Is ...
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### How many characters per block in an El Gamal ECC cryptosystem?

Looking for the number of characters that can be encrypted using the The elliptic curve ElGamal cryptosystem of each block, I found these lines. But I cannot understand them: Actually in our case ...
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### special public keys and modulo n

I just picked up cryptography and have some questions on RSA cryptosystem: Say there are two public keys (n, e1), (n, e2), e1 is coprime to e2. They share the same n. Is it possible to find the ...
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### what does rsaSha512Sign do?

I have the following function: ...
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### Solving a quadratic equation for a variant of Rabin

My understanding of Rabin We have $p$ and $q$ which are distinct primes congruent to $3 \pmod 4$. Then we have $n = pq$. Encryption is done as $e(m) = m^2 \pmod n$, where $m$ is our message. ...
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I am encrypting files using AES/CBC/PKCSPadding, with 256 bits long keys. So far the first 16 bytes of each encrypted file are the IV. I would like to store some more information regarding the ...
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### CSPRNG's (ELI5) What's the purpose of multiple seeds/ regenerating sources of entropy (i.e. /dev/random)?

Why is there a need to generate more than one high entropy seed? It would seem like if the original source of entropy is high quality, than some 512 bits should be more than enough to seed a CSPRNG ...
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### TLS - self encrypting to avoid tls setup, secure?

I am in doubt : of course one can create a tl connection between a client and a server. But what if the client sends self encrypted with, say, blowfish, data to the server? The goal is that the ...
578 views

### Storing AES encrypted RSA private keys on a server

I'm thinking about creating an encrypted messaging web application where users create RSA key pairs, they store the public key on the server for others to see and also store an AES encrypted private ...
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### Signature scheme doesn't seem to hold

I can't seem to verify the signature scheme described below. Key Generation Public Key: $$y_1=g^{a_1}y^{a_2} \pmod p$$ $$y_2=g^{b_1}y^{b_2} \pmod p$$ $g$ denotes a generator of $Z_p^*$ and $y$ ...
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### Davies-Meyer Hash Function

So the Davies-Meyer Hash Function is: Hi = Hi−1 ⊕ exi (Hi−1) Say I pick H0 = 1110 0011 And the message x1 = "5" or "0000 0101" Is this the correct way to compute H1? H1 = 1110 0011 ⊕ (0000 0101 ⊕ ...
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### Encrypting with Davies-Meyer hash function scheme

So I need to to illustrate Davies-Meyer hash function for a message “123” with 1-byte blocks. I can use the extended ASCII representation where each character is represented as a byte. And I can pick ...
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### Understanding Cryptography practically [closed]

I have just undergone a one semester course in cryptography. I was introduced to multiple theoretical aspects, the way several algorithms work, the methods and their stability and so on. Due to time ...
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### Cryptosystems used to generate public key certificate

Where can we find the cryptosystems used to generate public key certificate? Are the cryptosystems under the signature algorithm and signature hash algorithm? Do I need to analyze the packets ...
267 views

### RC4 encryption/ decryption with hashing

I am working on RC4 encryption/ decryption algorithm based on the following: A wants to send M to B, for that A did: H = Hash (K||M) C = Ek (M||H) A sent ...
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### AES: Changing plaintext to state

Can someone explain this to me? For example how M chanes to 0c? Changing plaintext to state:
131 views

### Show that the equal difference property exits for a modified DES encryption system

My cryptology professor gave us this problem on a past homework assignment and I only managed to get one of the 3 parts correct. Needless to say, I want to know how to do the other two parts as well. ...
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### what is contained in a public key certificate

Public key certificate is a digitally signed document which verifies the sender is indeed the person. May I know how can the receiver tell the sender is indeed the person solely based on information ...
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### How are salt values more secure? [duplicate]

If a database stores password encrypted by using salt values, how are they stored? I read somewhere, it uses timestamps. So is the timestamp also stored? How about when a user tries to login next ...
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### Proof that counter mode of operation and CBC mode are CPA secure when pseudorandom permutations?

I know counter mode can be CPA secure, when used with block ciphers modeled as random permutations. If we use pseudo-random permutations, is it still CPA secure? Is there a proof? How about CBC ...
136 views

### Encrypting twice with different modes?

I was using a SOCKS5 proxy today (tunneled through SSH) and I began to wonder what the effect of encrypting twice (TLS over encrypted SOCKS5 in this case) would have on the security of the transmitted ...
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### Does the following linear equation hold in bilinear pairings?

Does the following hold in bilinear pairings? $$e(g^{a_1x_1}g^{a_2x_2},g^{c_1}g^{c_2})=e(g^{x_1+x_2},g^{a_1a_2(c_1+c_2)})$$
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### AES: Guess Password using the unencrypted text?

I am using the same password for some encrypted files currently (I know this is bad practice, though), and I wonder whether an attacker could decrypt if one decrypted file fell into his hands.
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### Key management protocol for end-to-end security on Advanced Metering Infrastructure

I am currently working on a research on end-to-end security implementation for Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Pardon me if I a bit off topic or not asking the right question as I am ...
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### How to calculate the entropy of passwords? [duplicate]

Here is a cartoon about password entropy. http://xkcd.com/936/ I dont quite understand how the entropy is calculated in the cartoon assuming they are calculate correctly. But in general, I dont have ...
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### Bouncy Castle and Salsa 20 [closed]

I want to use Salsa 20 in Java, so I downloaded Bouncy Castle, and... it makes no sense to me. I've got it working, but most of my choices were essentially random. But I can't see there anything ...