# All Questions

285 views

### Why nobody considers counter re-keying as a standard Block Cipher Mode?

One of the simplest possible cipher modes is setting each successive key as a function F of the previous one. ...
152 views

As the full version of HMQV is very long, I will give a graph of it below \begin{array}{@{}l@{}c@{}l@{}} \hat{A} && \hat{B} \\ (a,A=g^a)&&(b,B=g^b) \\ x\in_R[1,q-1],\quad X=g^x \\...
249 views

### Difference between implicit signature and explicit signature

In most of time, what I see is explicit signatures such as ElGamal, it's rare to see the implicit signatures. So I wonder why it's rare to be seen? what aspect is it mainly used? what's the ...
644 views

### Where is my private key stored when I communicate to a website that uses SSL/TLS?

If I communicate with a website that uses SSL/TLS, my browser will generate a private key. Would the browser store that key on the hard disk or would store just it in the RAM?
467 views

### Random Number Generation with a Entropy pool versus Seed

To give a little background I'm currently implementing a crypto library in JavaScript. I have started porting across Linux's random number generator because its both publicly scrutinized, it is open-...
481 views

### Can an RSA public key be generated without ever knowing the factors? [duplicate]

Context: http://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2013/12/a-few-more-notes-on-nsa-random-number.html Assume I wanted to use RSA as the basis for a hash function or DRBG. Also assume that my construct ...
392 views

### Are hash trees an alternative, quantum-resistant signature scheme which can replace RSA?

Can hash trees provide quantum resistant signatures to replace RSA for signing securely? What is the key size and how many times can we use same key?
348 views

### Is there proof to the relation between the gap Diffie-Hellman problem and the the Cha-Cheon signature scheme?

I am trying to prove that: "If the gap Diffie-Hellman problem is easy, then the Cha-Cheon signature scheme will be broken." Can you help me to prove it? Is there any proof to the relation between ...
8k views

### What characters does AES output?

From what I understand after testing the Crypto-JS file here: http://crypto-js.googlecode.com/svn/tags/3.1.2/build/rollups/aes.js AES creates encrypted strings that contained letters, both ...
291 views

### RSA exhibits symmetrical properties — is it possible to form a cryptanalytic attack?

This question is broken into two sections really: Symmetry in RSA I have been analyzing raw RSA and I have noticed some interesting symmetrical properties of the algorithm. Assume that $M$ is a ...
79 views

### How do you distribute secret shares without knowing who to first distribute them to?

Figure 1 on page 1249 of the “Multiparty Computation Secure Against Continual Memory Leakage” paper shows $m$ committees are elected in step 1 and then later in step 3 are each given a secret share. ...
317 views

### Should I bother implementing DH + AES, or leave it to a library like Crypto++

I'm making a C++ back end for an application that'll heavily rely on AES-256 and DH. Should I trust third party libraries, or spend (lots of) time to learn about cryptographic implementation and write ...
226 views

I was trying to implement zero knowledge protocol for authentication based on the paper "A Practical Zero-Knowledge Protocol Fitted to Security Microprocessor Minimizing Both Transmission and Memory". ...
133 views

### Has a Two Key TDES encryption ever been successfully attacked?

Is there any known instance of a Two Key TDES ever being successfully attacked (in real life), when the key is used to encrypt less than $2^{20}$ words?
227 views

### What does this Authentication protocol achieve and what information is shared?

I'm having trouble with the following question from my class: "What is the purpose of the protocol, and how does it achieve this purpose and what shared information does A and B end up after ...
303 views

### How to attack this authentication protocol from “Cryptography: An introduction”

Consider the following protocol (from the book "Cryptography: An introduction", by Nigel Smart): ...
4k views

### Removing Padded Value in Decrypted Message

How to remove padded value in Decrypted Message? I am using AES Algorithm. Let's take this as the decrypted message: "abcdefghijklmn " There is a 2 space in ...
92 views

### Hypothetical question about AES output

Consider that you stumble upon 5 different AES output strings. One of these strings can be decrypted with a secret phrase, the other four strings are based on the real string but have had random parts ...
5k views

### Why does OpenSSL append extra bytes when encrypting with aes-128-ecb?

Plaintext: Attack at dawn!! Hex: 41747461636b206174206461776e2121 Key: ...
476 views

### Two-dimensional S-Box

Consider the following simple cipher: $$c_1 = S(m_1 \oplus k_1) \oplus k_2$$ Where $S$ is S-box, $m_1$ - 16-bit plain text, $k_1$ and $k_2$ is two parts of 16-bit key. If S-box is standard then this ...
157 views

### How to use HKDF to combine two keys

I have heard that to combine two keys HKDF is better than using XOR function. But if you look at the HKDF RFC I could not figure out how to use it for concatenating two keys. What I can see is HKDF ...
104 views

### Using HMAC to secure a “widget”

Let's say I have a web "widget" that a customer could include on their website. They would include the widget by adding an iframe that points to a URL on my site. I want to ensure that my widget can ...
14k views

### Why is public-key encryption so much less efficient than secret-key encryption?

I'm currently reading Cryptography Engineering. After giving a high level explanation of the difference between secret-key encryption and public-key encryption, the book says: So why do we bother ...
192 views

### Off-the-record communication

Is my protocol correct? For fun, I tried to design a protocol that would allow off-the-record communication. I'm not sure it works, I have a feeling there might be a problem with it that I'm not ...
1k views

### Why are the lower 3 bits of curve25519/ed25519 secret keys cleared during creation?

I am currently experimenting with ed25519 and I noticed that on secret key creation, bit 254 is always set and the lower 3 bits are always cleared. I found that bit 254 is always set to protect ...
331 views

### Digital identification using steganography, can it be broken?

Digital identification using steganography, can it be broken? I have read a few articles saying that using an I.D. embedded in video, audio, etc can help track down the origin of a copyright ...