# All Questions

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### Should I add randomness at the end before AES?

Seen AES, changing a character drastically affects the ecrypted text. I want to make it harder to decrypt AES I send. So, it seems this can be done by adding some special code and some random bytes ...
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### private-key can't be traced (GPG)?

I am very new to cryptography. I was reading about GPG/PGP Basics, and I have a doubt: As per my understanding, Everyone knows the algorithm (GPG) with which I generated my key pair. And If I give my ...
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### Is a KDF needed when using X25519 for ECDH and XChaCha20-Poly1305 for AEAD?

Is a KDF needed when using X25519 for ECDH and XChaCha20-Poly1305 or XSalsa20-Poly1305 for authenticated encryption? My hypothesis is "no" because the key from X25519 is less than 256 bits long; ...
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### New Improved Probabilistic version of RSA

On the 2nd page of "New probabilistic public-key encryption based on the RSA cryptosystem" by Roman'kov (PDF), at last it says Alice can find "f" of order "l" with least probability of (1-1/l). I ...
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### Security of AES CTR with multiple messages containing the same known plain text

I have this scenario: The same plain text (that is part of an unkown bigger message) is being ecrypted multiple times using AES 128 CTR with a random key, the key is being transfered encrypted using ...
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### DROWN Attack - Which is the SSLv2 vulnerability exploited?

In order to get the session key used in TLS communication, an attacker must capture X TLS handshakes based on RSA key encryption, and switch to a server supporting SSLv2 protocol, and sharing the same ...
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### Symmetric cipher speed (AES vs Camellia vs Twofish)

If I have understand correct, Twofish is more secure (harder to break) than AES and Camellia, but Twofish is slower than AES and Camellia. But how can I mesure the speed difference between AES vs ...
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### Is AES-CTR or ChaCha20 vulnerable to a time-memory trade off?

Is AES-CTR or ChaCha20 vulnerable to a time-memory trade-off attack? According to this paper it seems to be, which would put AES-CTR at a clearly breakable $2^{64}$ security level (for AES-128-CTR). ...
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### Subscript R notation for the finite fields

I'm trying to understand the notation used in the literature for Pairing-based cryptography. I know (and I hope I've understood it well) from Wikipedia that $\mathbb{Z}_p$ is the finite field of ...
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### Backdoorable hash function in password database

I want to use a (preferably established) hash function that is backdoorable in a password database. I want to do so because I need password escrow (being able to get the cleartext back. I want to ...
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### Probability of guessing random 128-bit AES key [closed]

Consider the following five events: Correctly guessing a random 128-bit AES key on the first try Winning a lottery with 1 million contestants Winning a lottery with 1 million contestants 5 times in ...
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### How can one protect against a Man In The Middle attack during key exchange without using certificates?

Besides using a certificate to defend against a man in the middle attack during a key exchange, what methods can be used?
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### XTS-AES key management

XTS-AES uses two keys $(k_1, k_2)$, which are obtained from a concatenated key $k$. Does this key $k$ remain same for the whole disk or changes per sector?
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### Secure Key exchange using javacard applet

I am working on a javacard applet project where i need... Secure communication between two applets let say there is applet A and applet B. Let say both applet has their own RSA key pairs. Now I ...
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### Why does TLS 1.2 use GCM with additional SHA hash? [duplicate]

I am studying the cipher suites provided by TLS 1.2 and found an interesting question. TLS 1.2 adopts GCM for encryption and SHA256 or SHA384 for hash (e.g. TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256). But, GCM ...
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### Is there a correct way to generate a symmetric key?

Looking in some cryptographic algorithms, I've realized that: The way the plain text is encrypted/decrypted is always specified, but what about the key? Every paper I've seen describing the algorithm ...
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### Perfect hash function

Is a perfect hash function always bijective ? In Wiki "In mathematical terms, it is a total injective function" but it does not mean, that it is bijective.
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### Need some understanding on RSA public key exponent

I am new in cryptography domain and try to build some understanding on RSA key pair generation. My doubt is on RSA public key exponent value . Can exponent be any value (prime or non prime numbers)? ...
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### Encryption Algorithms in Verilog code

Can we implement Encryption Algorithms like RC4,AES and DES in Verilog? if no what are the limitations?

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