# All Questions

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### Equal length of primes in paillier cryptosystem

In the key generation step of paillier cryptosystem , In order to satisfy $\gcd(pq,(p-1)(q-1))=1$ , we can take equal length primes. Instead of taking(length as parameter to generate $p,q$) equal ...
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### Isn't Groth-Sahai proof system applicable beyond Bilinear groups?

Classical paper by Groth-Sahai on NIZK proof system is titled as "Efficient Non-interactive Proof Systems for Bilinear Groups". To my understanding, only (Pairing Product Equation) PPE are defined ...
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### A one way Function provably reversible at N applications with the same seed?

I'm looking for a function that is generally one way from some secret $F(s, A) \rightarrow Y$, where $A$ is known, $Y$ is produced (also known), and $s$ is kept secret. But whose repeated application ...
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### What is a vanishing trapdoor?

Explain like I'm five. The term is mentioned here: http://bristolcrypto.blogspot.se/2014/10/this-weeks-study-group-was-given-by.html
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### Is it safe to salt a MAC?

Say that I define a scheme where the salt is public and is MAC-ed with the message: $k = KDF(password, salt)$ $tag = MAC_k(salt || message)$ Is it safe to salt the MAC this way? Assume that the salt ...
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### Number of keys for a monoalphabetic cipher

My teacher stated that… The number of possible keys (E) in a monoalphabetic cipher is $26$! My thinking: Every letter in the alphabet can be $25$ different letters hence it the number of ...
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### Are password salts equivalent to keystream?

I was reading up on keystream when I came upon the definition of it: A keystream is a stream of random or pseudorandom characters that are combined with a plaintext message to produce an encrypted ...
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### Decrypting monoalphabetic substitution key which does not appear in ciphertext

There is a text which has been encrypted using monoalphabetic substitution. I have managed to decrypt the text and found the mapping between plaintext and ciphertext. The problem is finding the ...
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### Monoalphabetic cipher key

I'm new to cryptography and have just completed homework on Monoalphabetic cipher. I managed to decrypt the cipher text successfully but I cannot identify the key from my plaintext to ciphertext ...
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### Infer encoding mechanism from $n$-grams distance?

I have a series of obfuscated strings which across the set of strings have regions of high variance and regions of low variance – implying some encoding mechanism as opposed to an encryption procedure ...
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### Chosen plaintext attack on textbook RSA decryption

Let $(n,d)$ be an RSA private key and $(n,e)$ the corresponding public key. Generate a secret random $r$ from $(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})^*$ Compute $C’ = C (r^e) \bmod n$ Submit $C’$ as a chosen ...
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### Cipher Alphabet [on hold]

Present the first 50 characters of the plaintext of the ciphertext below. NPKLMBAMMAKLNFKCSDABAUADMRMADBAMMAKVFKGSDGVRPEREFBBAEMPUABX PDEBQGASBBMVFLPWBAMMAKLFNMRASBIRSTAMMRAEFBQCDLPDIFKMSLGPSOK ...
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### Efficiently show/prove knowledge of third party secret without leaking information

Say Alice publishes (i.e. all parties in the universe) a key or certificate $x$ and sends a secret $s$ to Bob. Bob then publishes some data $d$ (his identity or a message or smt.) and an ...
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### How secure is a lagged fibonacci sequence for encrypting brief messages?

Say I start with a 26-letter keyword and convert the letters into 26 integers (A=0, B=1...Z=25) nr[0] to nr[25]. Then I create a stream, nr[26] onwards, with a lagged fibonacci sequence where nr[n]= ...
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### Use case of RSA CRT

I discovered the CRT version of RSA cryptosystem which is used in many crypto libraries (openSSL, Java...). The use of the Chinese Remainder Theorem improves the speed of decryption so why it's not ...
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### New to Cryptography [closed]

A friend of mind asked me if I could take a crack at this here: PRSAO EGERA UIADM WEHDN ISNRA SAWUA AESSR EFGDO SOGVO RBEEE AARTE SCTDF MENUI BRTTL MEYTU MTMEU AIKWH UTKWE RWAHM NPWRA EESON ONESE ...
385 views

### What do you call one time pad where pseudo-random numbers are used?

What is the encryption method called when pseudo-random numbers are used instead of true random numbers?
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### How Secure is a Pronounceable Password? In means of entropy

There are some strong studies which support the use of pronounceable passwords and multiple tools which provide generation of such passwords. According to this question the entropy of a password ...
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What is the disadvantage of AES-GCM mode for authenticated encryption? Why does the CAESAR competition say that it’s one of the goals to find an AE scheme that offers an advantage over AES-GCM? What ...
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### Crypto (mainly binary [closed]

So I have this binary data, and I am not really sure where to even start with decrypting it... I ran it through python's binascii library (b2a_uu, b2a_hex, b2a_qp) and I haven't gotten even a place to ...
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### What can be learned from the ciphertext of LibSodium's crypto_box_detached()?

LibSodium, (https://github.com/jedisct1/libsodium), has a function crypto_box_detached() which does authenticated encryption using the public key of the recipient ...
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### Is AES's parity key-dependent?

Is the parity of the permutation of the set $\{0,1\}^{128}$, defined by AES encryption for a certain fixed key, dependent on this key? DES, and any pure Feistel cipher, has even parity for any key. ...
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### How to find secret key and public key for ECC cryptosystem? [on hold]

Develop an ECC cryptosystem based on E31(1;1), point G = (0,1) which has order 32. nA value of 6. What is the secret key? What is the public key?
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### A simulation for the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol [duplicate]

I am looking for a Python/Java/C/C++ (any programming language, actually) simulation for the BB84 qkd protocol. I am very new to this field and I just want to better understand how it works and maybe ...
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### How are salt values more secure? [duplicate]

If a database stores password encrypted by using salt values, how are they stored? I read somewhere, it uses timestamps. So is the timestamp also stored? How about when a user tries to login next ...
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### Mounting internal FileVault encrypted drive in 10.9 OS X in Recovery Mode without unlocking it; Passware brute-force [migrated]

I encrypted my internal hard drive with FileVault a while ago on Lion such that it prompts for the disk password when I restart the computer and recently upgraded to Mavericks on my MBPro Retina. It ...
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This question is related to this one in intention, and this one in scope. Would I be guarding myself against future attacks on a single PRNG if I combine two (or more) together? I am thinking of ...
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### How to compute 3P from elliptic curve where P is (28, 8) [closed]

Consider the elliptic curve E31(1,1): Calculate 3P, where P = (28,8).
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### What are the advantages of Certificate Authority and Key Distribution Center over each other?

I want know difference among them. What are advantages/disadvantage of one on other?
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### Smart card minidriver: CryptAcquireContext failed with error 0x80090016 (NTE_BAD_KEYSET) [closed]

I encountered a problem just like: https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/windowsdesktop/en-US/838037c5-2480-4ffd-8524-c8c2b16c620c/minidrivers-problem-in-windows-7?forum=windowssecurity I wrote a ...
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### Convert message to polynomial NTRU

How to make a message into a polynomial? I saw many answers to this question and yes, i know that here are some questions. But i did not get it. I think that i am making some mistakes. I took a word ...
95 views

### Generic group model: use of polynomials in the proof of the master theorem

I've been looking at the paper of Boneh, Boyen, Goh Hierarchical Identity Based Encryption with Constant Size Ciphertext which contains a general theorem (Theorem A.2) about the advantage of an ...
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### Understanding Pseudo Random Generators

I've been taking a crypto course online. I have a good idea how PRG's and Stream Ciphers work, but I'd love to get some input to help visualize what is actually happening. I understand a seed is used, ...
56 views

### Prepending random data to encrypted file

If random data is prepended to a file encrypted with GNUPG's symmetric encryption, how may an attacker find out if the input file is deliberately corrupted or the passphrase is wrong? If it is not ...
479 views

### What is the use of Mersenne Primes in cryptography

There is an international search for Mersenne Primes. The project is huge. But what is the use of Mersenne Primes in cryptography? Do they have any other properties other than the $2^n-1$ form?
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### How to guess the encoding of a string? [closed]

I am trying to decode a string without knowing the encoding. The encoding is probably some industry standard, but I haven't been able to recognize patterns. Where would be a good place to start on ...
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### Does a stream cipher require a KDF when it's key is variable length?

RC4 has a variable length key. Is it still necessary to use a key derivation function, such as PBKDF2, to initialize it? Would using a single character password weaken it's output when compared to a ...