# All Questions

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### rngtest results interpretation [on hold]

With: rng-tools version 2-unofficial-mt.14-1 Tested this C++ code: ...
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### Question on Miller's algorithm (change the input m)

From the book titled " An Introduction to Mathematical Cryptography" (Chapter 5,page 322), we know that the miller's algorithm returns a function $f_P$ whose divisor satisfies div(f_P) ...
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### Question about keyed hash functions

Maybe the answer to my question is obvious, but I have doubt... I have noticed that hash functions are studied in two forms, keyed hash functions or unkeyed. In general, lecture notes present hash ...
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### I hashed my bag and in it I put… “Is there a hash for unordered items?”

(By items I mean hashable objects.) As an example (with obviously way too short hashes for readability), say I packed my bag and in it I put a shovel (hashed to ...
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### Why is a Feistel network bijective?

EDIT: Fixed for clarity of intention I was reading "The FFX Mode of Operation for Format-Preserving Encryption" when I came across Figure 1 (see below). It's obvious why it's reversible (top-down ...
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### How broken is a xor of two multiply with carry generators?

How broken is a xor of two LCGs? How Brittle Are LCG-Cracking Techniques? Based on the above two questions, I have simply one additional question: how broken is a XOR of two 64-bit multiply with ...
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### RSA: If I sign the same digest with same key twice, will the signatures be identical? [duplicate]

If I don't have public keys to verify the signature, can I use this to discover that two signing services are using the same key? Can you send a reference?
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### What is a man-in-the-middle attack (for instance in Diffie-Hellman)?

I'm new to cryptography and I just started learning about the Diffie-Hellman key agreement. I read that this system is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack when used alone. What kind of attack is ...
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### One-one correspondance complete function

I am reading the paper by John B. Kam and Georges I. Davida (1979) titled Structured Design of Substitution-Permutation Encryption Networks. On page 749 it reads ...
195 views

### Will hashing over and over eventually give the same hash?

There are many cases in maths where doing the same thing over and over again will bring you closer to a value. Derivation of polynomials is the striking example: no matter what you start with, you end ...
275 views

### Encryption of small messages

Some time ago, I asked how to encrypt small messages like e.g., four decimal digit numbers (banking PINs). I've got my answer, but also a warning like it makes no sense as it's easy to guess: Even ...
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### Why should the input value on a DPA attack be non-constant?

I actually was wondering if anyone could help me out with the following problem: Let's assume we are attacking the first SubBytes() operation on AES with the help ...
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### Is this client-side password hash scheme secure?

I want to build an app that uses client-side encryption for storing encrypted data on the server. A user-specific master key would be used, so to easily share it between devices a encrypted version of ...
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### Does authenticated encryption add any protection to a signed digital envelope?

The general scenario of hybrid encryption is to use public key cryptography for the exchange of a one time session key that can be used for the encryption of the plaintext with a symmetric encryption ...
2k views

### Is the one-time-pad a secure system according to modern definitions?

Occasionally I hear people say that one-time pads are "useless" or even "broken". "modern cryptography knows more security definitions, under some of which the one-time pad is completely ...
2k views

### Relative security of a Vigenère cipher

Within a closed computer network, I am ciphering some plaintext data as an added security measure. This is below several other layers of protection. For various technical reasons, I am restricted to ...
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### How often does RSA-OAEP have a leading zero?

We are working with a third party vendor who is very tight lipped about their security protocols, and one of our customers who used this vendor's products is claiming that approximately one in every ...
639 views

### Creating a license system based on asymmetric encryption (RSA or ECDSA)

I’ve spent a couple of days researching the topic of creating a license system for my desktop software. While I fully understand that there’s no perfect copy protection, this approach seems to have ...
230 views

### A specific way for deniable encryption

I read the summary of deniable encryption on wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniable_encryption Then I read a question, by doom123 on security.SE: ...
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### Pseudo Random Function

The definition of pseudo randomness that leads to pseudo random function talks about indistingishability of a key-ed function and a random function. i.e. The key-ed function family $\{F_k\}$ is PRF ...
3k views

### “123456” and “password” as crack standards

I know that when we encrypt, we use standard encryption technologies and to store data it's often stored as a hash. By encrypting a common password, for example "password" using ...
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### Why not put MAC in fixed position and cover padding for MAC-then-encrypt?

The biggest problem with using MtE with a mode where it's known to be secure (CBC) is with the padding, where you can't retrieve the authentication until you know where it is by looking at the padding ...
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### Suggestion : CRC vs SHA1

I need some suggestions about the use of the CRC in my application. I need to be sure about the BIOS run by the CPU. I have a FPGA between the BIOS flash and the CPU that sniff every read performed by ...
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### Frequency tables for HTML page source

Are there online resources with an ASCII character frequency table for HTML? There's tons of them for english, but I can't seem to find one for page source. I know that this is something that's ...
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### what do you mean by cost in encryption? [on hold]

What do you generally mean by cost of an encryption algorithm? how are they computed and how to compare the cost of two encryption algorithms?
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### Theoretical Mathematics & Cryptography [closed]

I read in Bruce Schneier's book ,"Applied Cryptography", that cryptographers need to study theoretical mathematics in order to be good at their job. Why is that?
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### Why aren't zero-knowledge proofs used for authentication in practice?

I read on Wikipedia that zero-knowledge proofs are not used for authentication in practice. Instead (I think) the server is entrusted with seeing a password in plaintext form, which it should then add ...
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### DH and PKI for KeyExchange

My question is fairly simple. I have more than two nodes which needs to communicate very efficiently from computational point of view. One of the nodes can become a coordinator between the nodes. ...
30k views

### Should we MAC-then-encrypt or encrypt-then-MAC?

Most of the time, when some data must be encrypted, it must also be protected with a MAC, because encryption protects only against passive attackers. There are some nifty encryption modes which ...
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### Creating disk image of encrypted disk [migrated]

I'm Fedora 21 user for some time and I'd like to create disk image to escape installing everything over again when something fails. I have encrypted storage and that fact makes me wonder. How do I do ...
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### ElGamal scheme attack when one message is known and ciphertexts are intercepted

Let $G$ be a finite cyclic group of order $p$ and let $pk = (g, h=g^a)$ and $sk=(g,a)$ be Bob's ElGamal public/secret key pair in $G$. To encrypt a message $m$, a random number $r$ is selected and a ...
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### Cryptographic Disk wiping with quantum random data?

I was thinking about using 4 Quantum Random Number Generators working at the same time to create a secure disk wiping system. Basically feed the random bits into to an approved DRBG then through an ...