# All Questions

502 views

### Test Vectors for ciphers

While implementing ciphers (/hash functions, ...), I often face this problem: Where to find test vectors for it; so that I can guarantee my program is correct. It is generally a tedious job to find ...
82 views

### ORAM over Third Party DB

Oblivious Ram (ORAM) is a cryptographic technique that is used for secure DB querying without leakage on the access patterns. There are several schemes for ORAM, amongst the most popular ones, there ...
937 views

### Can any MAC be used as a KDF?

First, let me clarify what I mean with a Key Derivation Function (KDF). I'm interested in KDFs that take an $n$-bit symmetric master key and some diversification data of arbitrary length as input and ...
63 views

### Is there a method/protocol to validate a self-signed certificate by comparing a shortened hash?

I'm working on a solution where an iPad should connect to a server software running on a laptop using TLS with a self-signed certificate that was automatically generated on the laptop during the ...
6k views

### In RSA, how does the CPU deal with this huge modulus (8192 bits)?

Whilst I understand how the RSA algorithm works, I don't understand how the CPU operates when it needs to use the mod function with a huge number $n$, for example. ...
52 views

### Why is RSA still being used? [duplicate]

In hybrid encrytion, I still see that some site's use RSA in their https connection, so now I wonder, why do they not use ECC instead of RSA, ECC requires less computational power and encrypt's and ...
530 views

### Decrypting a blowfish cipher with three keys

Disclaimer: I'm pretty new to cryptography and I don't have a strong mathematical background. I apologize in advance if I missed something blatantly obvious. I participated in a security CTF this ...
68 views

### Public-key Cryptography: I need a technical answer [on hold]

So, I already understand the point of Public-key cryptography, and how it's supposed to work. I understand the basics, and I've seen way to many diagrams. What I haven't seen enough of, however, is ...
76 views

### tripartite diffie hellman with Weil pairing

I try to understand how the tripartite Diffie-Hellman key exchange works. I read Joux's paper for this: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-One-Round-Protocol-for-Tripartite-Diffie-Hellman-Joux/...
140 views

### Difference left-or-right CPA security, IND-CPA security

I am trying to understand the notion of left-or-right-CPA (LOR-CPA) security for private-key encryption schemes introduced in my lecture. If I understood it correctly so far, the only difference to ...
111 views

### Is the use of AES in LoRaWAN correct?

I'm reading about LoRaWAN (specification). This network protocol has a particular way to encrypt data, detailed in the part 4.3.3.1. Here is a recap of how the encryption work, as I understood it. ...
39 views

### Crypto lib that use files instead of passphrase [on hold]

I would like to program an application to allow people to encrypt files without using a password or pass-phrase but an arbitrary long file. I'm searching for a library that allows me to safely create ...
47 views

### Binary format of encrypted PGP private key?

Short Version of the Question: I would like to remove any predictable information from an encrypted private keys binary representation. Does anyone have a hint where the binary format for encrypted ...
186 views

### Verifying Without Knowing Key

Say user Bob sends an encrypted message to a server. People can download the message from this server and later get the key directly from Bob. Is it possible for the server to somehow verify that ...
63 views

### Given a prime exponent e and a prime number n, find b, where b^e = 1 mod n

Can anyone help me with the following problem. Given a prime exponent $e$ and a prime number $n$, find $b$, where $b^e \equiv 1 \bmod n \land b > 1$. For example, $b^5 \equiv 1 \bmod 11$ how to ...
43 views

### On the security definition of password-authenticated key exchange

I found in all PAKE papers, the security is defined as something like this: Let $Succ(A)$ be the probability that an attacker $A$ successfully distinguished the session key from a random string. Then ...
25 views

### Conditional probability with Vigenere Cipher given specific plaintexts and key sizes

Apologies if this should be in the Mathematics stack exchange, I just ask it here because the context is cryptography. Here is the question that I seemingly cannot get correct: Consider the ...
81 views

### Calculating Polynomial Inverse with extended euclid in java

I'm trying to understand the NTRU-PKCS and therefor I wanted to code a naive Version of it. Now my Problem: I tried to calculate the inverse of a Polynomial with an extended Version of euclids ...
46 views

### In Shamir's (t, n) secret sharing scheme why don't use infinite field? [duplicate]

Well, we use finite fields to select shares. What happened if we use infinite fields.then will the scheme be vulnerable? Easy to break? Or share generation and reconstruction will be difficult? ...
35 views

### Given C is a code of length n. Containing M code-words with a distance d

I'm studying for my exam and came across this question below. I don't understand how to get $d$. I get $C$ is a code of length $n$. Containing $M$ code-words with a distance $d$. $(n,M,d)$ But how ...
677 views

### CBC-MAC length extension attack with IV simulation

I'm doing the Cryptopals challenges (formerly the Matasano challenges) and struggling with second part of the 49th problem where I'm asked to do the length extension attack with CBC-MAC without IV ...
121 views

### How does DH work when combined with ECC or RSA?

I know that Diffie-Hellman is used to create keys in a secure way over an insecure channel. But there is one thing which I cannot understand: I see that a lot of sites use ECC or RSA alongside DH. ...
58 views

### Are analog quantum computers a threat to RSA and DLP?

We already know that D-WAVE's "quantum computers" can't really run the Shor's algorithm, because the way they're built doesn't qualify them as universal quantum computers. Now researchers actually ...
72 views

### What's the reasoning behind the design of the TLS 1.2 PRF?

TLS 1.2 defines a PRF-like construction $P_{hash} : \{0,1\}^* \times \{0,1\}^* \rightarrow \{0,1\}^l$ for key derivation, etc. To quote the spec: We define a data expansion function, ...
64 views

### proof of correctness Ring-LWE cryptosystem

I've been studying Ring-LWE based crytposystems such as the one in this paper, but I can't seem to find/come up with a proof of correctness for this particular scheme. The encryption goes as follows: ...
27 views

### Password manager that uses a mix of long and short key derivation functions

I was reading "A Convenient Method for Securely Managing Passwords, Halderman et al., 2005". In short, the authors say to do the following: ...
33 views

### Quantum complexity of LWE

As per my understanding LWE is quantum secure because there is no known quantum algorithm to solve LWE in polynomial time. Due to the reductions given by Regev et al. If there is any algorithm that ...
65 views

### What is the most efficient attack on NTRU?

So, I got how finding the private key is equivalent to resolving the SVP. I also understood that the LLL algorithm can only be used in small dimensions. Now, I wonder what is the most efficient attack ...
26 views

### Identify a hash which was already seen? [closed]

I have a question. In our group we are processing a large number of datasets. Each one is identified by its hash (pseudo-random ASCII string). We are currently looking for a way to tell if we already ...
83 views

### Salting Hash stored on RFID tag?

In my application, I am trying to prevent counterfeit widgets from being used on our gadgets; think HP ink-cartridges. I will be doing such with UHF RFID tags embedded in the widgets. Unfortunately, ...
3k views

### How to check the strength of an encryption algorithm?

I asking for advice on how to check strength of an encryption algorithm.
53 views

### Security Proof in Fuzzy Identity Based Encryption?

Been having a great deal of difficulty understanding the use of simulators to prove security of ABE schemes so I though I would start from the first ABE paper (Fuzzy Identity Based Encryption) to try ...
12 views

### how to create and use sub keys with PGP? [migrated]

let's say i wish to have forward secrecy with PGP, that requires me to create multiple sub keys to be used and destroyed accordingly, how should i do it?
211 views

### After a diffie hellman key exchange, what is the common secret used for?

What is the common secret that is established used for? What types of interactions are now possible?
72 views

### Enhance security by combining bits of 4 different hashes

Assuming that performances do not matter, is there any real benefit in terms of security (in general) in combine hashes in this way: hash functions: ...
31 views

### Conditions for Perfect Secrecy with the Vigenere Cipher

Please forgive my ignorance here as I'm far from a math major and I've never looked into cryptography before so if this seems stupid - it probably is. There is a question in a quiz I'm attempting that ...
553 views

### Did non-military cryptography appear in 50's and 60's only due to NSA leaks?

I'm not talking about scytale, but encryption like RSA, DES, etc... How did exactly civil cryptography evolve after World War II?
20 views

### How do we compare two hash functions / cryptographic functions [closed]

I know what hash functions are but as my research project I am comparing two cryptographic algorithms so I am a bit confused about on what bases should I compare the two algorithms as these are ...
58 views

### Questions about length key of RSA 2048 bit

I use putty gen to generate RSA key, I choose length of key is 2048 bit, it generate public key: ...
23 views

### Counter-Mode Message Authentication Code [duplicate]

Excuse my naivety,I don't know much about crypto. But I've been wondering, couldn't counter-mode be used for MAC just like CBC in CBC-MAC, assuming nonce for the counter is not repeated? Am I missing ...
64 views

### Are there any high level memory-hard PBKDF constructions?

The PBKDF2 construction from PKCS #5 v2 has the convenient feature that it can be implemented using only standard interchangeable cryptographic primitives. Specifically, it only requires the ...
14 views

### .cyt file extension, don't know what software to use to open this file type [closed]

I encrypted some zip files in 2010 and found them recently on my hard drive, but I have no idea what software I used to encrypt them so now I cannot open the files, which is very annoying. The files ...
262 views

### Is it possible for Alice and Bob to both sign a message “simultaneously”?

Let's say that there is a message which is considered valid if signed by both Alice and Bob. Alice could sign the message and then give it to Bob, so that he can sign it and give it back to her. But,...
27 views

### Can I use the Sequence Number as the (implicit) IV in AES-GCM IPsec?

The RFC https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4106#page-5 states that, under AES-GCM IPsec, each packet is expanded by 8 bytes for the IV and up to 16 bytes for the ICV. Why? Since we already have a ...