# All Questions

5k views

### How do ciphers change plaintext into numeric digits for computing?

For example, in RSA, we use this for encryption: $ciphertext = (m^e \mod n)$ and for decryption. If our message is "hello world", then what number do we have to ...
277 views

### Changing plaintext for encryption in RSA [duplicate]

In the RSA crypto scheme, the message $x$ (plaintext), is encrypted to produce ciphertext ($y$), by computing $x^e \bmod n$. Of course, that means that $x$ has to be a numeric value for this to work, ...
64 views

### How to calculate this binary operation? [on hold]

I found this binary operation, however It is the first time that I found this operator '.' : That is the equation: 02 • 63 = 00000010 • 01100011 = 11000110 I don't understand how 0 • 0=1 I ...
4 views

### OpenSSL: Generate ECDSA key and CSR [migrated]

I know how to generate an RSA Private Key and CSR: openssl genrsa -out my.key.pem 2048 openssl req -new -sha256 -key my.key.pem -out my.csr But, How do I do the ...
27 views

### Anyone know of a portion of the Enigma Code? [on hold]

I was reading about it today and it sounds like it would be a fun thing to try to decode. Problem is that I can't find a portion anywhere. Is it classified or am I not looking in the right spots
185 views

### Is the security of MAC function is based on HASH function

It is widely known, generally, that a MAC is a HASH with key. I just want to ensure that my understanding is correct to avoid base further assumptions on wrong conception. So, if I used MAC that uses ...
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### Easily reversible hash functions as a method of data transmission [duplicate]

I've been looking through the literature because I want to see if anyone has implemented this idea I have. I know data compression algorithms work by removing redundancy in data. I was wondering ...
569 views

### Is unusual (non power-of-two) RSA key size more secure?

On this blog https://blog.josefsson.org/2014/06/23/offline-gnupg-master-key-and-subkeys-on-yubikey-neo-smartcard/ there is a following sentence Generate master key Below I will use a 3744 bit ...
473 views

### DES S-Box properties

Two of the properties that lead to the design of DES S-Boxes are: For any non-zero 6-bit difference between inputs, no more than 8 of the 32 pairs of inputs exhibiting that difference may result in ...
63 views

### How to create reduction functions in rainbow tables?

I have been trying to understand rainbow tables lately and one part is giving me trouble to understand here. Let's say I want to generate a table where the chains are 100 000 hash/plaintext long. I ...
2k views

### Desirable S-box properties

What desirable properties should an S-box have? My current standard selection process is to just pick them at random and verify that they fit the following criteria: The probability that any random ...
89 views

### Is the difference distribution table of AES S-box uniform?

I am studying about various block ciphers and their weaknesses, so I have a doubt about AES S-boxes, Is the difference distribution table of AES uniform ?
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### Can I discard a specific X509 signature from file?

I'm writing a program to sign files using X.509 certificates and .NET framework classes. My users can sign the same file more than once without any problem (like a revision process). So, a file may ...
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23 views

### Meaning of Policy matches when signing SSL certificates

I was going over the process of doing a self-signed SSL certificate. The config file here is one of the inputs to this process (see: https://www.phildev.net/ssl/opensslconf.html) I have a question ...
22 views

### How does the openssl TLS implementation select the ciphersuite?

I would like to ask some help in pointing to me how the oopenssl TLS 1.2 server implementation selects the chosen ciphersuite? Does the server selects the first ciphersuite that is in the server's ...
4k views

### Why is a known-plaintext attack considered a complete break?

I read somewhere that if a cipher has a known-plaintext attack, then it is considered completely broken. Say there is a cipher that someone uses where the algorithm is understood and a known-...
39 views

### What is the logic behind Compress function in iterated hash function

I am working on cryptographic hash functions theorems. In the iterated hash functions part a specific word started appearing constantly: "Compress" for instance within the "compress function". I am ...
24 views

### openssl AES, cannot decrypt with java [closed]

i'm using openssl to encrypt some data, which will decrypted with an java serverlet. Server isn't under my control, so i cannot install/modify anything on it. The question is how i can encrypt AES ...
20 views

### Do I need output buffer to be multiple of AES block size for CTR mode? [migrated]

In my C code, I use OpenSSL's AES in CTR mode for encryption via EVP interface, that is I have something like this: ...
127 views

### Is solving $m^3 = k*n + c$ hard?

Given the equation $$m^3 = k\cdot n + c$$ I know $n$ and $c$, and I need to find $k$, so that $m$ is a natural number. $n$ and $c$ are large numbers, so i can't use bruteforce. How can you find a ...
59 views

### Is this RSA signing and verification process secure?

I need to verify that messages in a communications program are from valid senders. Below is a highlevel outline of how I think the process would work. The connections themselves are done over TLS. The ...
19 views

### initialling SAM (Secure ACCESS MODULE) [closed]

I'm working on the AFC (automatic fare collection) system which required a SAM( secure access module) for key management.system works fine with local key management in MCU and I don't have any ...
551 views

### Can elliptic curve (25519) be used to encrypt file?

This is probably a simple question, but I haven't been able to see it stated anywhere. Is it possible to directly encrypt a file (of any length) with some form of EC using the 25519 curve. I know it'...
32 views

### What are the ways public-key can be distributed? [closed]

What are the ways public-key can be distributed?