# All Questions

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### need help for decrypting a cipher.. i am new to this so was wondering if someone could tell me how to go about it [on hold]

how to begin to decrypt any numeric cypher? what are the basic steps to solve easy numeric cyphers?
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### Is there any such thing as “proof of location”?

I'm looking for a way for someone to prove to me their geographical location without a trusted third-party. Imagine wanting to prove to someone you're actually physically in a specific place. I'd ...
171 views

### Why calculate pi to estimate randomness?

Why do testing suites calculate pi using the Monte Carlo method to determine if a series of numbers are random? As far as I can tell, the Monte Carlo method can be used to estimate pi itself (as a ...
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### I don't know whattype of cipher this is [on hold]

I am trying to solve the following sipher Nosdhiibotidcylhrdeovedljuetre I have no experience with ciphers but substitution didn't seem to work, and since its a long string without breaks process of ...
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### Groth-Sahai proofs and hardness assumptions

I am learning Groth-Sahai NIZK proof system for Bilinear groups. While going through the literature, I am getting confused on how the proof system is related to Subspace Decision, SXDH or DLIN ...
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### Why should one prefer Salsa20 over ChaCha?

We are all aware of Google's approach to introduce ChaCha/Poly1305 as TLS cipher suite. The rationale seems clear: ChaCha is newer and seems to provide better security (and maybe speed?) gained from ...
102 views

### When do I need to renew keys for Salsa20 or HMAC?

I currently have a system which uses two keys sourced from a single key subjected to HKDF. One key is used in the Salsa20 stream ...
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### Can CFB mode of block cipher be used as a commutative encryption?

Can CFB mode of block cipher be used as a commutative encryption? Is it possible to use CFB mode of AES block cipher to create commutative encryption? With CTR it is possible but not secure.
124 views

### Assemble RSA keys from components

I'm studying openpgp cryptography and struggling to understand some things. I can't use pgp tool for generating keys and ecryption, but have to write a simple app to generate keys, encrypt and decrypt ...
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### Show How to Efficiently Solve the Computational Diffie-Hellman Assumption given an Algorithm that Solves the Square-DH Problem

Let $q$ prime number, $G$ a cyclic group with order $q$ and let $g \in G$ be a generator of $G$. Suppose that you have an algorithm $A$ who takes input the element $g^a$ of $G$ and gives as output the ...
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### Is the ring of octonions “commonly” used in Cryptography?

I've recently read "Fully Homomorphic Encryption on Octonion Ring" by Yagisawa, which is based on octonion rings over finite fields. Personally I've never encountered octonion rings in cryptography ...
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### Simulation Based Proof: What Can / Can not Simulator Do?

I have seen some examples in "Foundation of cryptography" and "Efficient two party computation", in which simulator can do some things that in the real world model the parties cannot do, for instance: ...
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### How to prove that a function is not pseudorandom?

I am currently enrolled in a cryptography course, which uses the book by Katz and Lindell. I'm struggling with the exercies which ask for proofs, like the following one: Let G(k) be a PRG with ...
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### Converting a pre-image resistant hash to second pre-image resistant

I am looking for some standard conversion from any hash function $f$, which has pre-image resistance, to another hash function with second preimage resistance. Is there such a standard conversion?
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### Construction of ElGamal signature?

This month I am trying to study cryptography by myself. I started to read theory and problems on the internet. I found this problem on a cryptography site and I need your help for a solution or any ...
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### Why is the whole initial state used in the final addition of Salsa20 and ChaCha?

Both Salsa20 and ChaCha basically work like this: Put the key, the nonce, the sequence number and a constant into a 4x4 matrix of 32-bit words. Transform the matrix invertibly with a number of ARX ...
114 views

### Image sharing without data overhead

The idea is to share $n$ images among $n$ persons so that all images can be reconstructed by someone in possession of all shares. However, there must not be any data overhead (which means the shares ...
2k views

### A timestamping authority (digital notary)

Does there currently exist a free online service that accepts a file, hashes it, takes an authoritatively chosen timestamp (from one or more time services), signs these and sends this signed message ...
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### Simulator in Private Outsourced Computation over Outsourced Datasets

Please, consider two honest parties $A$ and $B$ outsourced their private data to a malicious server $S$. So the parties store their data in the server. Then at a later point in time they want to ask ...
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### Computation indistinguishability questions

The definition I have is: Two probability ensembles $X = \{X_n\}_{n \in \mathbf{N}}$ and $X = \{Y_n\}_{n \in \mathbf{N}}$ are computationally indistinguishable if for every probabilistic ...
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### Algorithm for factoring a number $n$ of a specific form given $n$ and $\varphi(n)$

Given the natural number $n$, which is in the form $p^2 \cdot q^2$ with $p$,$q$ prime numbers. Also $\varphi(n)$ is given. Describe a fast algorithm (polynomial time) that calculates $p$ and $q$. ...
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### How to choose McEliece's parameters?

At the time of this writing, there are 3 sources for parameters for the McEliece public-key cryptosystem out there. The first paper is the original McEliece paper ("A Public-Key Cryptosystem based on ...