# All Questions

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### Why does HMAC need a fixed length padding?

As everybody knows in order to calculate HMAC we have to concatenate padding to the message. I am just curious why the padding needs to be fixed-length. Why do we need the blocksize parameter here? ...
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### New modulus or new key pair?

I have this assignment question that I'm not sure how to answer. Any insight would be helpful. In the RSA public-key encryption scheme, each user has a public key, e, and a private key, d. Suppose ...
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### Is Chaocipher a secure cipher under ciphertext-only attack?

Chaocipher was invented by John F. Byrne in 1919. The algorithm was recently revealed -- see Moshe Rubin's Chaocipher Revealed, the Algorithm While a known plaintext attack successfully finds the ...
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### IV = Filename XOR CipherKey?

i want to encrypt transparently using Rijndael. So this is, what I thought of and I would like to have an opinion from "Experts" whether this will harm encryption strenght. I am using chunks of 1MB ...
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### Multi cipher CTR

What is your opinion on this scheme: 1)get IV from CSPRNG 2)set 3 encryption keys k1,k2,k3 (3*key_lenght) (KDF/PBKDF) 3)Use 3 ciphers in CTR mode like this: The initial IV is encrypted using ...
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### How exactly does the OpenSSL TLS heartbeat (Heartbleed) exploit work? [migrated]

I've been hearing more about the OpenSSL Heartbleed attack, which exploits some flaw in the heartbeat step of TLS. If you haven't heard of it, it allows people to: Steal OpenSSL private keys Steal ...