# All Questions

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### Video encryption at server, decryption on mobile using AES [closed]

There are lots of videos which I'm encryption in PHP server. Now users play them on phone. So basically decryption on phone and playing. I'm targeting Android, iOS, blackberry, windows phone. ...
120 views

### Spoofing protocol nonce

Amy and Betty have a shared key $k$, and the protocol below is to provide a mutual authentication for both Betty and Amy. A sends B : $n_a$ B sends A : $n_b \;\|\; E(k, n_a)$ A sends B : $E(k, n_b)$ ...
93 views

### Rate my idea: is that a stronger GPG-like algorithm?

I came up with a simple idea but I don't know if it is really secure or not. I know that you shouldn't create any algorithm on your own. I'm just curious, that's all. Algorithm explanation: First ...
33 views

### Process of dividing 168bit key into 56bit keys in TripleDES

I used TripleDES so many times but never thought about this. In TripleDES it requires 168bit ...
75 views

### Cryptolocker 2.0 ransomed #1.23 btc [closed]

I have just received a screen capture of the malware. It turns out it's ransoming \$not BTC. The ransom demands \$750 to be payed in full within ~ hours. The English is broken and many of the ...
67 views

### Turning PRPs in PRGs with a counter

I am following the Coursera Cryptography I course and I have the following question, I am a bit perplexed by the statement, in week 2 lecture "What are block cyphers?" that a counter-mode PRF is a ...
49 views

### Sectors of small data encryption [closed]

This may not sound a straight cryptography question and I'm also not sure where to ask or whether its the correct place to ask. Well, I really want to know is there any sector/workplace/software of ...
58 views

### Can a EC private key be derived from a public key?

I understand that the public key does not expose the private key. That is not the question. The question is: Given a EC public key, can a different, but plausible and functional private key be ...
72 views

### KDF based on HMAC-SHA-256

Is KDF based on HMAC-SHA-256(Hashed Message Authentication Code, Secure Hash Algorithm) algorithm a suitable option to generate symmetric key from the secret key? What is the basic funda, behind ...
90 views

### Importance of salt when deriving an encryption key

I'm very curious to know this and a bit confuses too: Suppose, I have two files encrypted using AES-128bit with keys PBKDF2-derived from the same password and the same salt. If an attacker does ...
43 views

### Can anyone explain in super simple words how RSA & other algorithms work? [closed]

I decided to study cryptography just for fun, but I can't really understand how modern encryption algorithms work. I know that (most of them) are based on huge prime numbers because, even knowing the ...
17 views

### Questions about self-signed Certificates' Fingerprints and Client-Server Interaction through SSL [migrated]

I have some questions about how the fingerprint function is performed. First of all, I have some knowledge about cryptography. However it seems to do not be good enough to understand hundreds of ...
53 views

### Are HMACs based on hashes with larger bit-lengths also more secure?

When doing encrypt-then-mac, I can choose to use a hmac as the MAC. For example, I could use a hash like SHA-256 or SHA-512 (by using it as a keyed hash) to create that HMAC. Does it increase ...
824 views

### Is it safe to seed a random number generator from system time?

It seemed to me that the Bouncy Castle SecureRandom class for C#/.NET only uses DateTime.Now.Ticks as its seed by default. I ...
78 views

### Advantages of making streamcipher stream depend on plaintext?

Most descriptions that explain how streamciphers work (like the one on Wikipedia), tend to describe a model that boils down to a simple “$ciphertext = plaintext \oplus stream$”, where the stream is ...
62 views

### OCB nonce usage

I've just come across this piece of code in Bouncy Castle's implementation of OCB Mode: ...
108 views

### Polynomial representation of the affine part of the AES S-box

I have been reading up on the polynomial representation of the AES Sbox (PDF: “Essential Algebraic Structure Within the AES” by Murphy and Robshaw) and I can't get it to produce the correct output. ...
473 views

### Is TripleDES 168bit vulnerable to Differential Cryptanalysis?

I was reading this paper. In the table-1 of the paper it says TripleDES (showing both 128bit and 168bit keysize) is vulnerable to Differential Cryptanalysis. It also says that AES (showing all three ...
69 views

### Attacks on Full TripleDES [closed]

I have been reading about attacks and many of them work on specific rounds of TripleDES but not on full TripleDES. Is there any attack except brute force that works on full TripleDES? (theoretical)
53 views

### Is it possible to deduce the value of a string when given its hash and multiples hashes of the string + other known strings?

To be clear, I have access to $H(S)$ and as many $H(S||K)$ as I want. Every string $K$ is known. Can I use the extra information to my advantage and try to deduce $S$, without requiring bruteforce? Or ...
68 views

### Storing encryption key

It's my first time using stackexchange! So, I am doing a password manager in Java. But now I am VERY confused because of the encryption. There will be the program login, where the user types its ...
108 views

### Modes of operation that allow padding oracle attacks

It seems to me that padding oracle attacks are mainly a concern for users of CBC mode encryption. Question: are any other modes of operation vulnerable to padding oracle attacks? And if so, why? ...
131 views

### How secure is using a pad (using xor) on a encrypted data, for the purpose of obfuscating/hiding the underlying encryption?

Edit: I know this isn't really a one time pad (as pointed out), though I don't really know what to call it aside from just a pad, I guess. I have been reading around (mostly various stackexchange ...
184 views

### Given $g$, $b$, $g^{ab}$, is finding $g^a$ a hard problem?

As in the title, given $g$, $g^{ab}$ are big elements in a prime group $Z_p$ and $b$ in prime group $Z_r$ ($p > r$, $g$ is one generator of $Z_p$). $a$ is unknown and also in $Z_r$, is finding ...
20 views

### Are there any reasons for using SSL over IPSec? [migrated]

is it recommended to use both protocols together? In which situation?
73 views

### Generalized Merkle Signatures, SHA-3 and Sakura

Sakura specifies a tree hash mode for e.g. Keccak (SHA-3). Are there any reasons to use the Sakura tree hash mode in a Generalized Merkle Signature Scheme? It seems to me Sakura primarily solves a ...
588 views

### How long does it take to crack PBKDF2?

How much time will it take to crack PBKDF2 while using a 9 character password? I'm not specifying any specific system or platform. If a brute force attack is made using the best ever super computer ...
45 views

### How to find which padding method is used in Block cipher(AES) encyption?

I have a cipher text which is encrypted using AES128 Algorithm. I want to know the following things to decrypt the cipher. IV (Initialization Vector) Padding Method Encryption Key How do I find ...
33 views

### Does bad IV generation weaken CBC? [duplicate]

Let's say that I generate an IV like so: dd if=/dev/urandom of=iv.bin bs=16 count=1 Let's also say that /dev/urandom has been ...
227 views

### Can I crack an AES string if I have all these parameters?

This is for a challenge at followthewhiterabbit.trustpilot.com: We have a message for you. It’s 3ncryp73d and we want you to crack it. The decrypted message will contain further instructions. ...
78 views

### Using GMAC for Authentication without encrypting the message

I am pretty new to cryptography and have a sample of GCM mode of operation for AES. PFB the code ...
763 views

### Does having a known plaintext prefix weaken AES256? [duplicate]

I plan on storing data, encrypted with AES256, where the first dozen bytes are known plaintext. ('Hello World!' for example.) Does having this known plaintext prefix weaken AES256? I do not care ...
74 views

### Collecting entropy: can I use timing of reading as a separate source from the reading itself?

I'm implementing an entropy gathering program. For that I collect 2 bits from two gpio-pins connected to a random source. I whiten this stream of bits using the von Neumann decorrelation algorithm. ...
101 views

### How to calculate complexity of ElGamal cryptosystem?

How to calculate time and space complexity of ElGamal encryption and decryption as there are two exponentiation operation during encryption and one during decryption? Here is my code for encryption: ...
61 views

### Decrypting an encrypted text out of order

Does there exist a cipher that can be encrypted twice with two different keys and then decrypted twice using either key first? For example: ...
135 views

### Ciphertext indistinguishability (IND-CPA) for symmetric cryptography

My understanding are these steps are necessary for symmetric cryptography to be IND-CPA: The adversary submits two distinct $M_0$, $M_1$ plain-texts to the challenger. The challenger selects one of ...
124 views

### Attack on DSA modification with bad hash function

Given a (bad) modification of DSA where the hash function is the identity ($H(m)=m$), I am now supposed to design an attack. So $(m, (r,s))$ are given and I should be able to create a legit signature ...
65 views

### A question about elliptic curves and finite fields in bilinear pairings

Based on what mentioned in the paper "Pairings For Cryptographers" http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166218X08000449 the two inputs of a pairing map are two members of two additive ...
77 views

### Protocol: Coin Flipping over phone

Protocol: Coin Flipping over telephone Hypothesis: Alice and Bob have agreed: a one to one function $f$ which is easy to compute $f(x)$ from $x$ and while given any value $f(x)$ it is nearly ...
58 views

### How does AES-CCM work in BitLocker?

I'm studying this white-paper: http://jessekornblum.com/publications/di09.pdf The author says that using AES-CCM with the external key (highlighted in green at page 9, figure 4) and with the nonce at ...
127 views

### Decryption issue with self-coded AES-128

I have written my own AES-128bit implementation in Java, till yesterday I thought it would be alright. (I was working on the encryption) Now I’m trying to decrypt my encrypted cleartext, but this ...
68 views

### Galois field step in XEX mode

I'm reading through the XEX mode spec, and I want to make sure I've understood the $\alpha^j$ step correctly: $X = E_K(I) \oplus \alpha^j$ $C = E_K(M \oplus X) \oplus X$ where: $M$ is the ...
76 views

### Could I use an hashing function for Symmetric encryption? [duplicate]

I know there are way better and more tested encryption methods, but I was wondering if the following code could be use for symmetric encryption? ...
49 views

### mixing two asymmetrical random number generator streams

Knuth describes in "the art of computer programming part 2" an algorithm called "M" for mixing two streams of random numbers. This can be used to mix random number streams giving the assurance that ...
86 views

### What is the motivation behind Key-policy Attribute-based Encryption?

What is Attribute Based Encryption? has a nice explanation what both forms (Ciphertext-policy Attribute-based Encryption and Key-policy Attribute-based Encryption) are. My question is: what is the ...
106 views

### What is the entropy per Diceware word if a random symbol is inserted into a random position in the word?

On the Diceware page is this little gem: For extra security without adding another word, insert one special character or digit chosen at random into your passphrase... Inserting a letter at ...
75 views

### How to construct a next bit predictor from a distinguisher

I read the claim, without proof, that it is possible to construct a next bit predictor for any PRNG given an oracle distinguisher for that PRNG and vice versa. How do I prove that? A distinguisher ...
119 views

### pairing-based schemes

some authors claimed that computational performance of a pairing-fee scheme (based on scalar multiplication over an elliptic curve group) is about 1000% more efficient than a pairing based one I would ...