# All Questions

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### PBKDF2 for login key, scrypt for encryption key

I need to derive two keys from a single password client side. One for in-browser login, the other for encryption. Is the following secure ? ...
36 views

### Using the chinese remainder theorem as a part of the proof, show that 2^700 = 1 mod 3625 [closed]

Using the chinese remainder theorem as a part of the proof, show that 2^700 = 1 mod 3625 Using the chinese remainder theorem as a part of the proof, show that 2^700 = 1 mod 3625
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### Why is C_digest defined in PKCS#11?

Digesting doesn't require any key and can be performed on the client side. Why does the PKCS#11 token interface standard have a C_digest method? For example, why should I send my data to a PKCS11 HSM ...
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### What aspect of elliptic curve encryption paradigms makes them especially susceptible to quantum based attack algorithms?

This was a statement made during a talk at today's DFN-CERT conference but unfortunately it wasn't explained further. Can anyone shed light on why elliptic curves are susceptible to quantum based ...
169 views

### How to choose an algorithm

I have some understanding of Cryptography and I would like to know if there is a tool or website to help me choose an algorithm based on my own needs (I'm being vague in purpose). I'm looking for a ...
45 views

### Reduction of a modular exponentiation's base does not change the result

Can anyone help me to prove this property used in the RSA correctness theorem? $a^b\bmod{n}\equiv (a\bmod{n})^b\bmod{n}$ Specifically, here is what I have done: this is what i mean. i can't ...
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### Getting Certificate KeyContainerName to initialize CspParameters [migrated]

How can I get the name of a Key Container that's in a smart card required for initialization of CspParameters? CspParameters^ cspa = gcnew CspParameters(ProviderType, ProviderName, keyContainerName, ...
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### RSA Key composition

I'm trying to figure out how it is composed the RSA key. Follow what I know : For a RSA 2048, 2048 is the bit length of the module. The public key is composed by $(e,M)$ when $e$ is the public ...
56 views

### ECDSA Public key randomness

If I have a 256bit ECDSA public key how likely is it that the same public key will be generated by another person. Will it take on average 2^256 tries to generate same public key? If I xor the first ...
67 views

### AES GCM vs other encryption modes in embedded environment for network traffic

I'm doing a lot of research since I'm doing an internship for a company where I need to upgrade their security level. Their own protocol needs a cryptographic upgrade and I'm leaning towards AES since ...
60 views

### Solve the congruence using Pohlig-Hellman algorithm

Use the Pohlig-Hellman algorithm to compute a solution to: $3^x\equiv 2 \pmod {65537}$ My attempt: $p-1 = 65537-1 = 65536= 2^{16}$ $x= 2^0x_0+2^1x_1+2^2x_2+...+2^{15}x_{15}$ For $x_0$: ...
31 views

### RSA key pair generator in “C” - HELP [closed]

So, here's my problem. Every single library i try to compile (OpenSSL, WolfSSl, PolarSSL) an other not very know gives me error on compiling to. Everthing gives the compiler a reason to just don't ...
33 views

### Are RSA keys stronger than McEliece keys?

What the title asks. I'm currently of the opinion that differences in key size don't make either stronger or weaker than the other in this case.
19 views

### encryption of message “DATACONFANTIALITY” with key playfair using playfair cipher

actually i have solved the above mentioned problem but i want to check weather it is correct or not. my question is that how to encrypt the message DATACONFANTIALITY using the playfair cipher where ...
30 views

### Calculating hash of hash in C [closed]

I've been working with Openssl libcrypto for a long time and I'm quite familiar with it but now I've got a problem I cannot solve in my own, so I need your help. I'm creating a hash of a short string ...
43 views

### In a additive group is it hard to calculate $bg$ given $ag, g, abg$

The ECDH problem defined that given $g,ag,bg$ it is difficult to calculate $abg$. But it is also difficult to calculate $bg$ given $ag,g,abg$. where $g$ is generator and a,b are elements of group.
31 views

### If you know the messages, and the results of HMAC(key, message) can you find the key?

If the attacker has 1 billion 4KB (random-noise) messages and sha256-HMACs for those messages (all using the same key), can they calculate the key that was used, before the universe dies?
88 views

### Using hash for one time pad key

Recently I've been delving into security algorithms, I already knew some of the (easy) math behind AES and RSA and how to and not to implement it. But well, i got a bit bored so i thought I'd just do ...
101 views

### Randomness re-use in LWE encryption scheme

Let me describe the scheme first, it is the scheme proposed by O. Regev when he introduced the LWE assumption. $sk = \textbf{s} \in \mathbf{Z}_q^n$ $pk = \textbf{A}\textbf{s}+\textbf{e}$ where ...
34 views

### Is the result of HMAC-sha256 distinguishable from random noise?

Is if the result of HMAC-sha256 distinguishable from random noise? If so, given: a collection of 1000 keys, and 1000 messages of random noise, 100 signed by each of only 10 of those keys Can ...
64 views

### Reducing size of hash function

If I have some data I hash with SHA256 as hash=SHA256(data) and then copy only the first 8 bytes of the hash instead of the whole 32 bytes. How easy is it to find a ...
23 views

### Help with AES encryption with CryptoJS and OpenSSL [closed]

I can't get same result when encrypting using CryptoJS or Ruby's OpenSSL JS code ...
39 views

### Is Fermat's Little Theorem possible over additive group? [migrated]

As Fermat's Little Theorem is define over multiplicative group $a^{p-1} \mod p$ = $1 \mod p$. Is there something over additive group?
136 views

### AES ECB experiment

Generally speaking, ECB mode shouldn't be used. ECB seems to be more of a basic building block than anything else. Because I thought it would be interesting to experiment with encryption (this method ...
51 views

### Schnorr's identication protocol

Schnorr's identification protocol is said to be a honest verifier zero knowledge protocol. Does it imply it will not work if the verifier is dishonest? I'm wondering if this is the case, it would ...
65 views

### Zero Knowledge Non Interactive Proof with random oracle

I am trying to write an assay about Non Interactive Zero-Knowledge proofs and would like to take the simple discrete logarithm problem example fallowing the Feige-Fiat-Shamir heuristics. I understand ...
17 views

### Linear Recurrence, keystreams, and periods

I am trying to understand the following problem: Consider the following linear recurrence over $Z_2$ of degree four: $z_{i+4} = (z_{i+3} + z_{i+2} + z_{i+1} + z_{i}) \bmod 2$ i >= 0. ...
35 views

### How do you encrypt text using an LFSR?

How do you go about encrypting text using an LFSR? Could somebody provide an explanation and possibly a small example please?
17 views

### Hill Cipher the point of a known plaintext attack question

Is the point of a known plaintext attack on a Hill Cipher to get the matrix key?
27 views

### Substitution-permutation network

Can anyone in 6th grade English explain the steps in the Substitution-permutation network algorithm or just point a link that does so? (which is included in many of the top modern algorithms) ...
31 views

### The RSA algorithm imposes size restrictions on the object being encrypted [duplicate]

The RSA algorithm imposes size restrictions on the object being encrypted. RSA encryption uses the PKCS#1 standard with PKCS#1 block type 2 padding. The PKCS RSA encryption padding scheme needs 11 ...
29 views

### Help me break cipher [closed]

I'm only given the following cipher-text and have to decode the message. If you figure it out, please post the answer and how you got it. Thanks, it helps! Note: the following is all one cipher-text ...
25 views

### how do u find the encryption/hash technique used in a string ? [closed]

here I have a String %63%6f%6d%6d%65%6e%74%65%64%20%63%61%6c%6c%20%74%6f%20%64%65%66%69%6e%65%64%20%6c%65%74%6d%65%69%6e%61%67%65%6e%74%6a%61%78%28%29 how to find the hash/encryption technique used to ...
66 views

### Why don't PyCrypto and M2Crypto produce the same result as OpenSSL here (AES-128 ECB)

If I run the following, for openSSL: echo -n "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef" | openssl aes-128-ecb -nosalt -nopad | xxd and enter the key "YELLOW SUBMARINE", ...
13 views

### Best practise Managing Key Material Securely in Memory in android [migrated]

I am aware of the issue of user entered pass phrases being left in memory if stored in Java Strings (due to String being immutable). Which takes me onto using char arrays. However, I am wondering if ...
32 views

### BGV FHE scheme parameters

In their paper presenting the BGV scheme, the authors mentioned in section 4.4 that, for the RLWE variant, the ring degree d, dimension n and noise distribution do not necessarily vary with the ...
61 views

### Is CAST5 still a secure algorithm to use?

I just installed GnuPG for Windows. The documentation says the default symmetric cipher is CAST5. In PGP also, default cipher was CAST5. Is CAST5 secure to use? Any known attacks reported on this ...
85 views

### Anonymisation resilient to key leak

Problem statement Elbonian citizens have been issued a card holding a random $B_j\in\{0,1\}^b$, $0\le j<2^n$, $b\ge n+20$ (representative example $b=64$, $n=28$). The habit has grown to use this ...
41 views

### Convert numeric message from RSA ciphertext to alphabetic

I have a set of numeric values that are supposed to represent a message encoded via textbook RSA. For example: 60889 37946 13359 61629 35960 13747 I've decrypted ...
78 views

### Figure out the encryption being used [closed]

There is a web API (for a game) that sends and receives data encrypted in hex format. I'm interested in accessing the api outside of the game client (mobile app). When sending a request with an ...
57 views

### Why would using a random seed with other variables be bad for ecrypting if you can't guess the key?

I asked this on stack exchange with it being code based, but someone suggested to ask here. Basically, I've done a script in python and wanted an option to encrypt the input, but I couldn't get any ...
32 views

### Worked example of McEliece Cryptosystem

I am trying to learn about the McEliece cryptosystem, unlike other more common systems, like RSA or El Gamal, educational literature such as the Handbook of applied cryptography doesn't contain worked ...
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### Hash “Preimage by product” resistance

Let H() be a hash function that achieves collision resistance as well as first and second preimage resistance. Let's equip the output set of H of a multiplicative group structure, more precisely a ...
29 views

### Implications of reversing CBC encryption

What would be the security implications if we reverse CBC encyption? Here is a picture of CBC encryption: Here is a picture of CBC decryption: My guess is that the encryption would work if we ran ...
44 views

### How does double-encryption work with a client server model

With mobile applications like Accompli (now the base for the Android Outlook application), credentials are stored. Reading from the Accompli website: Each user’s credentials are double-encrypted ...
22 views

### LUKS multiple key slots - what's the intuition?

LUKS volumes have the ability to allow multiple independently usable passwords, as explained here: [https://code.google.com/p/cryptsetup/wiki/FrequentlyAskedQuestions] The intuition behind basic ...
47 views

### Full Domain hash library

I need to know if any of the well-known crypto libraries (openssl, crypto++) supports full domain hash function. If not, what library I can use?
34 views

### What is the polynomial to use in the Massey-Omura cryptosystem?

The Massey-Omura cryptosystem uses "multiplication over the finite field $GF(2^n)$. I'm just starting understand the idea of multiplying polynomials and I've searched for online calculators to use for ...
Recently I was reading some article about the Bernstein's Curve25519. This is a particular Montgomery curve over $\mathbb{F}_q$ where $q = {2^{255}-19}$. What I missed or was unable to understand is ...