# All Questions

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### Key construction in the Full Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem

The Full Cramer-Shoup Encryption scheme needs to choose six random numbers from $\mathbb{Z}_q$, which we denote them by $x_1,x_2,y_1,y_2,z_1,z_2$. Then the scheme hides these random numbers in the ...
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### Why does computing g^a * g^{-a} with the PBC library result in zero?

My example code is as follows: /* * Example 1 * 1) Calculate g^a * 2) calculate g^{-a} * 3) multiply g^a * g^{-a} * */ Note: here ...
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### Definition of one-way functions: randomly-chosen point vs every point

Notation: $\Sigma^k$ is the set of $k$-strings on the alphabet $\Sigma$; $\Sigma^\ast$ is the set of all finite dimensional strings on the alphabet $\Sigma$. In the context of computer-science a ...
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### Leaving authentication data blank less secure for AES GCM?

The AES GCM example for Ruby / OpenSSL shown at: http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.0/libdoc/openssl/rdoc/OpenSSL/Cipher.html has a GCM example of the following: ...
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### Stateless hash based public key cryptography?

Merkle-Winternitz signatures based on fractal hash trees are an attractive alternative to other post-quantum cryptographic schemes, in particular since they are conceptually simple, the security ...
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### Is it possible to track down copies of WW2-era codebooks?

I've got an academic curiosity regarding some of the old Japanese naval codes used during World War II specifically, but I was just wondering if any of the codebooks from this era had been made ...
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### Usage of different size chunks during AES encryption/decryption

I want to encrypt user's files on our server. For this purpose I decided to use the PHP Mcrypt library. I chose to use the Rijandel-128 algorithm and CBC mode for encryption. Since files are quite ...
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### Creating passwords that are both secure and memorable [on hold]

I have seven critical passwords. I want them to be long enough to be secure, memorable enough that I never forget them, unique enough to resist an attacker. How do I achieve this?
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### Recommendation for authenticated ephemeral key exchange

I am working on a home project and I wanted to implement an authenticated ephemeral key exchange using Elliptic curves. I first thought about Station-to-Station with EC protocol, but it does not seem ...
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### Cryptography Implementation in software

I am trying to implement a password manager in C and I had a question about the proper steps in implementing the crypto. I looked at some implementations, google talks on crypto and what the standards ...
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### Is a tweakable block cipher still considered deterministic in nature?

"a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key. - Wikipedia " But with a ...
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### Diffusion in Shamir's secret sharing scheme

The popular command line utility ssss implements the classic Shamir's secret sharing scheme over the generic field $GF(2^q)$ with $8 \le q \le 1024$. When $q>=64$, the constant coefficient ($c_0$) ...
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### XORing a header with SHA512-hash - secure?

I am writing a application that encrypts text several times and stores the result. The result looks like complete random bytes, therefore I add some random bytes at the end. To let the program know ...
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### Cryptographic library quality [on hold]

I've been working on a project that will require secure communication over the internet, so I've been thinking of TLS 1.2. After looking around I chose Botan but then I thought about using a more ...
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### How to calculate Modulo using a standard calculator for a one time pad encryption

I wrote a simple python script to preform one time pad encryption I would like to be able to decrypt the ciphertext by hand. In my script I use mod 26. This is how I was shown to calculate a mod ...
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### What does it mean when two encrypted files, encrypted with the same method but with different keys, when xor'd together, produce a repeating pattern?

Let's say I have fileA and fileB, both encrypted somehow, but in the same method with different keys. If I xor them together, they will make a repeating pattern of 32 bytes length. What does that ...
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### ECDSA verification is too slow [closed]

I found that ECDSA is too slow while verifying signatures; can you tell me why? I'm planing to speed it up, so what tips should I consider to make it fast?
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### How vulnerable is the C rand() in public cryptography protocols?

I just learned about the basics of public cryptography a few weeks ago and I am curious as to why the C rand() function should not be used for crypto schemes. For example, say I want to generate a ...
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### RSA algorithm , decrypting a message [closed]

I have to decrypt a message (24-264-291-291-220) using RSA algorithm given the private key. I did all the calculations and the decryption of that message is 74-66-48-48-55. My question is how would I ...
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### Client-server authentication protocol suggestion [migrated]

I'm designing an authentication methods for my client/server system consisting of: a windows desktop client application (.NET) windows/linux servers (C++) one "security server" which authorizes the ...
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### RSA and ECDSA algorithms [closed]

Hi, i want to learn more about ECDSA and RSA Digital signatures , could you give me both Algorithms for sign and verify the data.
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### Decrypting a small Message using RSA with a Private Key [on hold]

If I have a private key of (43, 341), what would be the steps I need to take to decrypt a small message using RSA. I have looked ...
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### One time pad: why is it useless in practice?

The symmetric cryptosystem One time pad (OTP) seems to be very beautiful since it is perfectly secret according to Shannon. Many books, however, point out that the main drawback is that one must ...
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### mathematical derivation for elliptic curve cryptography [closed]

how to derive the mathematical derivation for elliptic curve cryptography,please to send full detail derivation for elliptic curve cryptography,and also i need how to use the galois field in ...
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### Is it possible to forge elgamal in a determinsic way? [closed]

El Gamal is existentially forgeable, would it be possible to forge it in a deterministic way ,i.e., eliminating the randomness? Maybe by using fermats little theorem ?
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### Using Stream Cipher as CSPRNG

Are there any guidelines or justification for converting a stream cipher algorithm for use as a CSPRNG? For instance, lets say I wanted to convert one of the eStream portfolio Profile 1 (software) ...
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### Do Chosen-Chiphertext attacks only apply to public-key cryptosystems?

Do Chosen-Chiphertext attacks (CCA-1/2) only apply to public-key Cryptosystem?
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### Is ElGamal still unforgable if the adversary knows r

Is ElGamal still unforgable if the adversary knows the value of $r$ that was calculated by $g^k$? When we do sign the message $msg$, we calculate $r = g^k$. As we know the regular ElGamal ...
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### The relationship between the key length and encrypt time in Xor algorithm?

I did work on the encryption algorithm and the decryption using the XOR method noticed that when more the key length, the less time spent on encryption and decryption. I have two questions in ...
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### Is it possible to crack any MD5 hash? [closed]

I really wonder is it possible to crack any MD5 hash?
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### Would usage of jCryption 3.0 + SSL have mitigated the Heartbleed vulnerability? [migrated]

I came across a project called jCryption 3.0, which encrypts data between the client and server, without using SSL. If a website's JavaScript had used jCryption 3.0 to encrypt login form fields before ...
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### Composing hashes and/or MACs

Suppose I have n hash/MAC functions, of which n-1 are extremely insecure, leaving only one that is in fact cryptographically secure. If I use all of them on a message and the XOR them together the ...
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### Is anyone aware of Du atallah multiplicative secret sharing scheme for dot products for > 2 party scenario?

I am working on Du Atallah's multiplicative secret sharing scheme for more than 2 party scenario. Is anyone aware of its multiparty version (more than 2 parties). The paper for 2 party can be found ...
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### Which commitment scheme is better for malicious models [closed]

Can some one suggest which scheme is better for malicious models in terms of efficiency and security? A Pedersen's VSS based scheme or the one based on Fiat-Feige-Shamir digital signatures ?
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### Existence of a map $\phi:\mathbb{Z}_{N^2}^* \mapsto \mathbb{F}$

Is there a map between the group of $\mathbb{Z}_{N^2}^*$ where $N$ is a composite number , a product of two equal size secure prime numbers $p$ and $q$ and a finite field $\mathbb{F}$, such that for ...
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### SSL-like protocol with public-key hard-coded in the client

Imagine a SSL-like protocol that instead of using certificates signed by a trusted CA, has the server's public key hard-coded in the client. My question is: what happens if the server's private key is ...
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### How can I convert numbers into prime numbers?

I'm working with one-way accumulators, but I'm not knowledgable in cryptography. Is there an easy peasy way to hash numbers (or whatever) into prime numbers? Obviously I'd like it to be collision ...
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### What happens if biometric data is stolen? [migrated]

This question isn't very specific, but I think it would be ok to post it in the cryptography StackExchange (hopefully). As we move toward a future where fingerprints might possibly replace passwords, ...
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I am creating a database to store our client's information at work (a heritage center specializing in DNA based genealogy. Once the results of a test come back we have people that use the information ...
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### Has there ever been more then a theortetical difference between preimage resistance and second preimage resistance?

In other words, has there ever been a point in time in which having the content of a message has actually helped break a hash function?