# All Questions

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### Real life systems that use concepts of crypto computing [on hold]

Are there any working cloud/internet solutions/products that operates on encrypted data such as systems using homomorphic encryption, secure multiparty computation, electronic voting, private ...
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### Hash collision using the leading 40-bits of SHA-1

I am trying to implement Floyd's cycle finding algorithm for finding a leading 40-bit hash collision in the SHA-1 algorithm. However, my code will not find a repetition even with 800,000,000 hashes. ...
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### Are all binary-additive stream ciphers reciprocal?

I'm writing a thesis focused on Maurer's provably-secure stream cipher. Long story short, this cipher works by expanding a short key into a long keystream and then XORring this keystream with the ...
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### What is the difference between order of base point and curve order in EC?

When I was read about the elliptic curve cryptography I found some definition about domain parameter of elliptic curve like the follow. But I did not understand something $p$: prime number. $a, b$: ...
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### Verbatim of early work on public-key cryptography?

In late 1997, the history of public-key cryptography was turned around with the announcement by the CESG (April 2000 archive) that public-key cryptography was theorized in a 1970 note [1] by James ...
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### Is there a Javascript and Java implementation of a good CSPRNG [closed]

I need to use a cryptographically secure pseudo random number generator in my client running Javascript and in my server running Java. Is there a well-known implementation of a good CSPRNG in both ...
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### Proving correctness of a decryption of a homomorphically summed ciphertext?

I would like to take some additively homomorphic cryptosystem - don't care much which one for now - and encrypt a series of numbers with it. I would then like to (in public) take these numbers, add ...
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### Difference between signing with SHA256 vs. signing with RSA-SHA256 [on hold]

I play with digital signatures using node.js (server side JavaScript, built on Google's V8 JS engine). There is a "crypto" module included. For test purpose, I created a digital signature of some XML ...
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### Cryptographic Operations and Security

sign((M’, TAlice, sign(( encrypt(( encrypt(M, KpbBob), M’), K), TBob), KsBob)), KsAlice) Can you tell me six security-related facts ...
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### Availability of a simple limited PRNG algorithm

I am in need of a really simple limited PRNG, that either exists or can easily be created in virtually any language on any platform. It takes only the initial seed, and is only expected to generate a ...
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### Is there an “additive” proof-of-work?

I'm trying to find a proof-of-work algorithm with the following properties: If A(1) is a proof of work with Difficulty(A(1))=n (requires n basic operations on average), then one can find a proof of ...
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### Should I study advanced abstract algebra and more than elementary number theory to pursue a career in cryptography? [on hold]

Do I need to study advanced abstract algebra and more than elementary number theory in order to pursue a career in cryptography ? I've already taken a course in abstract algebra, but I'm wondering ...
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### To prove $r \cdot f_1 +f_2 \cdot (s+1)$ is secure

We define the polynomials $r, f_1,f_2,s \in R[x]$. Where $r$ is a random degree 1 polynomial and $s$ is a random polynomial such that: $degree(s)=degree(f_1)=degree(f_2)$, let $R$ be $\mathbb{Z}_p$ ...
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### AES - Encrypting multiple blocks of files

On my site, users can download files which are stored on public hosting, so I need to encrypt them. A downloaded file is divided into blocks of 1 kB and I want encrypt them individually, using the ...
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### homomorphic paillier cryptosystem vs Elliptic curve cryptosystem [on hold]

what are the pros and cons of homomorphic paillier cryptosystem compare to Elliptic curve cryptosystem??
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### Modes of encryption for hard drives?

What are the currently recommended modes of encryption for large disks? Basic requirements would seem to be that you can update an encrypted sector independently of others, which rules out most ...
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### Where have all the cypherpunks gone?

In 1992, cypherpunks was created as a mailing list for activists advocating for cryptography. Arguably, the cypherpunks mailing list was the foundation for the movement and the centre of it all. ...
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### Simple encoding function mapping integers [closed]

I am trying to analyse the following function. From an integer inputs it generates a series of 5 numbers. When looking at the some valid samples, clearly I can recognize some patterns (42 is ...
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### DHE key exchange. Is it really secure?

Context I recently came across a video on the net showing the process of key exchange in Diffie Hellmann. Alice and Bob want to communicate. Eve is the (wo)man in the middle. This video is the ...
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### Should I use a key store to keep my symmetric keys

I'm maintaining an application which handles several keys to encrypt/decrypt information. Some keys are used to encrypt text (user passwords, some sensitive data in the db, etc). Some other keys are ...
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### Java: How to handle authenticated encryption for big files

First I need to mention that I can't use BouncyCastle to implement this solution. I have to encrypt files into the file system. Those files are not going to be tranfered over the wire to any other ...
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### Encryption of big files in Java with AES/GCM

I have to encrypt big files. Say their size ranges from 500mb to several of gigabytes. I would like to use AES/GCM/NoPadding as provided by Java 1.8 since that gives me automatic authentication and ...
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### if using cbc+hmac dealing with small size of data(less than 128bit) , will it cause any problem?

if use AES-cbc,HMAC-SHA256, and there is some txt needed to be enc, and I divide this txt into small packages with variable length, then enc them. some of these package can be less than 128bit. Is ...
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### What happens when cbc+hmac get a replay attack?

If it use AES-CBC and HMAC-SHA256 for message send online, and someone try to replay attack on this message. Can the attack be successful? what will be happen when attacking?
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### Is the output of AES-CBC + MAC the same size as the input?

I use AES-CBC and HMAC-SHA256 to encrypt a text file. Will the output be larger in size than the input or will it be the same size? Is it more secure secure if the size of the output is larger?
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### Do data-dependent rotations have any advantage over fixed rotations?

There are many ARX ciphers, however most use fixed rotations. I know data-dependent compared to fixed rotations are: patented harder to implement constant time more expensive in hardware harder to ...
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### Is there a way to systematically calculate the public exponent $e$ in RSA?

I'm learning RSA in one of my classes and we were given a problem: $p = 5$, $q = 11$ I have done the following steps: $n = 5 \cdot 11 = 55$ $\phi = (5-1)\cdot(11-1) = 40$ I know that to ...
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### Elliptic curve trapdoor function without modular arithmetic?

From what I understand, an elliptic contains a set points satisfying the equation $y^2=x^3 + ax + b$ together with the point at infity. It seems clear how multiplication with a scalar and a point ...
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### How many characters per block in an El Gamal ECC cryptosystem?

While I look for how many characters that can be encrypted using the The elliptic curve ElGamal cryptosystem. of each block found for these lines. But I can not understand Actually in our case we ...
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### Find the encryption method from the cipher and plaintext [closed]

I have been given iogdaybDfD which is a cipher of the word narcolepsy. I need to find the type of encryption that has been applied to narcolepsy to encrypt it to iogdaybDfD. Could anyone advise on how ...
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### CP-ABE: structure of the secret key SK

I am working on Ciphertext-Policy Attribute based Encryption (CP-ABE) and I need to understand how a secret key looks like. For example, assume that the universe of attributes is defined to be ...
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### Interactive assumptions not falsifiable?

Can someone explain why an interactive assumption is not falsifiable? Maybe I'm misunderstanding what the statement means, but isn't even a non-interactive assumption interactive, but just with a zero ...
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### Java RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding encryption with .NET [closed]

I need to encrypt a password on a web site developped in .NET using a public key. The public key is delivered through a Java web service with the information: The key is a RSA key to be used with ...
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### Malicious DH groups

Can an attacker construct a DH group, large enough to be considered secure (say, a modulus of 2048-bits), such that the group appears safe, but the attacker is able to solve the DLP in the group ...
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### Full Disk Encryption Alternative [closed]

Since developers of TrueCrypt discontinued their software, i'm looking for a alternative. It should be pre-OS, so that just after Bios, the Password is requested. Like in TrueCrypt. I took a look ...
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### Crypto Challenge.sucked [closed]

The solution was hardened using MD5(MD2(SHA1([a-zA-Z]{6}))). Now crack this: e24b02c81cabe0d4af45f9ceaccde2c7 i couldnt crack it.