# All Questions

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### FHE over the integers - Is that paper's scheme known to be insecure against quantum adversaries?

I was reading the paper Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers, and started wondering if there is a known quantum attack on their main scheme, because There is an efficient quantum attack ...
192 views

### Is there a flaw in this ECC blind signature scheme?

Recently I've found the following work on the internet: An ECC-Based Blind Signature Scheme The paper claims to be an ECDSA blind signature however it seems that their scheme has a flaw in it. The ...
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Two or three years ago, I was reading something interesting, but then I lost the paper. The paper described building secure and fast P2P networks (not like tor or I2P). Unfortunately, I only remember ...
97 views

### HMAC definition by using only one key

Suppose $H$ is a hash function; why is $H(k||H(k||m))$ not secure? See this HMAC definition. In there, indeed two keys are used and the mac algorithm is $H(k_1 ||H(k_2 ||m))$ . Why don't we use ...
171 views

### Using the same private key for two ECC key pairs

Let $(d_1,Q_1)$ and $(d_2,Q_2)$ be ECC key pairs over two different elliptic curves (say NIST P-224 and NIST P-256). According to the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP), if the private ...
100 views

### What might be assumed about a PRF if the key has been chosen?

The defining feature of a PRF $f:\{0,1\}^k\times\{0,1\}^s\mapsto\{0,1\}^*$ is that, if the first parameter is selected at random, it should be indistinguishable from a function ...
105 views

### Looking for a detailed example of proof by reduction

I'm looking for a very detailed example of proof by reduction. Say we have two or three protocols (that have been proven secure) and we construct a new protocol. We want to provide a proof of security ...
251 views

### Key expiration policy for 3DES / TDES / Triple DES

I have a system that signs plain text messages using a message authentication code (MAC) encrypted with 3-key Triple DES. The short message is used on connection to establish a session key, so it ...
274 views

### Entropy of Androids motion-sensor data

My app on Android uses the built-in motion sensors to collect seed-data for the PRNG (java.security.SecureRandom) that is later to be used for key-generation. The user is told to shake the device so ...
109 views

### How much plainext could be known without reducting security of RSA?

It is known, for example, that exposing 50% of most significant bits of RSA private exponent does not provide security risk (when a small public exponent it used). So how to qualify security ...
203 views

### Prove preimage resistance property

Let $f : \{0,1\}^* \rightarrow \{0,1\}^n$ and $g : \{0,1\}^* \rightarrow \{0,1\}^m$. $h$ is created by concatenate f and g: $h : \{0,1\}^* \to \{0,1\}^{n+m}$ with $h(x) = f(x) || g(x)$. How do I ...
136 views

### Secret sharing - no dealer, modifiable, verifiable

I need to find a secret sharing scheme with these properties: The scheme is set up by all participants, ie no single entity called the dealer The parameters of secret sharing need to be ...
220 views

### Increasing the diffusion of the AES-CBC encryption algorithm in pycrypto for python

When encryption is done using the AES-CBC algorithm, the encryption can be thought of as chaining the cipher texts with the previous ones and an IV. However, if its on CBC mode, we give our cipher ...
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### Why does the new encryption scheme proposed by authors stop an adversary from guessing the subspace of the secret key?

In this paper, the authors construct an encryption scheme that is supposed to be resilient to tampering and leaking (as opposed to just leaking). Specifically this scheme: If you look at the ...
92 views

### Hi Sec National algorithm

I'm trying to create a remote controller compatible with HiSec algorithm. It's so old that National (now Texas Instruments) discontinued NM95HS01/02 and docs are unavailable. Does anyone have the ...
228 views

### Logics for Cryptographic Information Games

Preamble: There is currently a zoo of various logics for evaluating (proving) security in cryptographic protocols. The idea is that, by expressing these protocols using some logic, you can create a ...
131 views

### Designing a protocol to record attendance to lectures

Scenario: a class that is not mandatory. The teacher wants a protocol that will satisfy the following requirements: It must record each student's attendance. A student X should not be able to say ...
114 views

### Question about proof of knowledge defintion?

I am just reading the "soundness"-definition for proofs of knowledge by Bellare / Goldreich. A proof of knowledge is a proof between a prover $P$ and a verifier $V$. $P$ convinces $V$ to know a secret ...
170 views

### Does Keccak have an eTCR mode?

On page 7 of NIST's views on SHA-3's security requirements and Evaluation of attacks, I see that, at least at this point, NIST planned on offering SHA-3 having eTCR security (defined on page 3): ...
325 views

### RSA reencryption scheme

Is there such an algorithm that would allow to upgrade the encryption of a RSA-encrypted message without revealing the plaintext to the untrusted user? Basically, such an algorithm would probably be ...
821 views

### Elliptic curve cryptography related key attacks

This question is an extension of Families of public/private keys in elliptic curve cryptography As described above, bitcoin "type 2" deterministic wallets use a root private/public key pair, where ...
9 views

### More efficient and just as secure to sign message hash using Ed25519?

According to the Ed25519 paper, the (potentially long) input message is hashed twice (see http://ed25519.cr.yp.to/ed25519-20110926.pdf Section 4 page 12 steps 1 and 3). The webpage ...
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### Is modular Barrett reduction usable for Ed25519?

I currently try to implement Ed25519 following this draft. I have implemented every field operation except the reduction by the group order $q$ (in chapter 5). I looked for a reduction algorithm and ...
54 views

### Words having weight near to minimum distance

I am studying the NP-Problem of the codes Syndrome Decoding. The formulation is show below. Input: a binary matrix $H$ of dimension $r \times n$ and a bit string $S$ of length $r$. Property: there ...
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### search of patterns in key schedules

I am developing a new key schedule, and there is this article (Enhanced Key Expansion for AES-256 by Using Even-Odd Method) where the authors also propose a new algorithm and one of the objectives is ...
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### How can I design a cryptographically secure, key-dependent s-box?

I would like to design a cryptographically secure, key-dependent s-box, but I am not sure how. Mainly, because I am unsure about the difference in design compared to a random s-box. What is the ...
30 views

### Blowfish Weak keys

I've read about the weak key issue with Blowfish, but can't seem to find anything that explains the practical effect of weak keys on Blowfish with the full 16 rounds. Is there any actual attack upon ...
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### Are there UFDs where the factorization problem is difficult but finding irreducibles is cheap?

Factorization of integers is hard, but finding irreducibles is expensive. Is there a ring where factorization is assumed hard but finding irreducibles is much cheaper than over $\Bbb Z$? It could ...
43 views

### Does SHA-1 meet the strict avalanche criterion?

Does SHA-1 meet the strict avalanche criterion? I've been looking for a paper to cite on this, but haven't found one. It's something that seems to be easy to check (in "On the Design of S-Boxes", ...
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### How to choose McEliece's parameters?

At the time of this writing, there are 3 sources for parameters for the McEliece public-key cryptosystem out there. The first paper is the original McEliece paper ("A Public-Key Cryptosystem based on ...
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### What happens if no final subtraction is done in Montgomery multiplication?

I'm doing Montgomery arithmetic modulo $N = 2^{255}-19$ for the Curve25519, picking $R = 2^{256}$ for Montgomery. After multiplying two numbers $0 <= A,B < N$ in the Montgomery representation ...
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### Worst case one way function

the worst-case one way function is defined as follows $$\forall A \exists x : pr(A(f(x))\in f^{-1}(f(x)))\neq 1$$ can you give any example of such function?
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### Residue requirements of Rabin-Williams primes?

I'm trying to determine the residue requirements of Rabin-Williams. An older copy of P1363's Public Key Cryptography states the following in Section 8.1.3.2 RW key pairs: An RW public key consists ...
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### Which attacks are possible against raw/textbook elliptic curve?

A quick question, we know that raw RSA is a no go. To solve this we have different PKCS standards forcing structure on the input messages. For EC the story is something else. For signatures we have ...
58 views

### DPA Attack on HMAC SHA-256

I have read the paper Differential Power Analysis of HMAC SHA-2 in the Hamming Weight Model and I want to understand the DPA Attack. In section 3.2.1 Path 1 (page 4) there is written: The last ...
51 views

### Cryptographic enforcement schemes using Diffie-Hellman

If one wants to set up a decentralized cryptographic enforcement scheme in which the level of 'confidentiality' of information is marked by its position in a poset, why not use Diffie-Hellman to ...
32 views

### Proposed unidirectional authentication scheme

I've been looking around for a way to authenticate a client to the server and deliver a message, but in a unidirectional fashion - that is, the client sends messages to the server, but the server ...
53 views

### SHA3 Keccak, absorbing data to the state

I'm working on implementation of keccak algorithm and have one problem. Tell me please, takeing an example "test": will state (before block permutations, but after padding - pad10*1) look like this: ...
62 views

### Energy necessary for brute-forcing or decryption

I am trying to understand how the physical limits of computation apply to crytography, and came up with the scenario below as a sort of gedanken. I would be grateful to see how others answer it. ...
159 views

### Is chaotic encryption secure?

I know this sounds too broad. But I noticed that there was a chapter on chaotic crypto in the recent Handbook of Information and Communication Security Editors: Stavroulakis, Peter, Stamp, Mark (Eds.) ...
71 views

### Pseudorandom Function Proof

Given a set of pseudorandom functions $F=\{f_s^i\}_i$ for each $s\leftarrow\{0,1\}^n$ generated at random; moreover each $f_s^i$ uses a specific PRG $G^i:\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}^{2n}$, where: ...
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### During electronic voting, how does one hide the choice from Voting device?

Assume the following: I want to cast a vote during an election through an electronic voting system. For our system we make the assumption that the device one uses to cast the vote is potentially ...
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### How to calculate the non-linearity of an s-box?

I am struggling to understand how to calculate non-linearty of an s-box, could someone show me a detailed example? I found “How to calculate non linearity of AES S-box?” which helped a little, but I ...
59 views

### Statistical saturation attack on block ciphers

I was wondering if anyone around here could give me some explanation on this type of attacks. Pretty much the only thing that I could find is this What I really need is basic explanation of the ...
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### What are the steps to decrypt a TLS 1.1 record?

My question is related to another question in Cryptography about TLS 1.1 and 1.2. I have read both RFC 2246 The TLS Protocol Version 1.0 and RFC 4346 The TLS Protocol Version 1.1. What I know is that ...
61 views

### Is it possible to perform one-way Diffie-Hellman MITM?

Here's something that is bugging me recently: suppose that me and my friend establish an OTR session and - as a result of that - DH key exchange is performed. My friend verifies my key, but I cannot ...
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### Key Recovery Smart-Vercauteren SWHE

In the article (https://eprint.iacr.org/2009/571.pdf, pag 8) of Smart and Vercauteren, it is mentioned that the recovery of the private key is an instance of the small principal ideal problem. But I ...
63 views

### Signature verification with only hash (without full data)

I am looking for a way to sign a file, such that someone else can verify that I had this file, even if they only know a hash. I want to prove that I have the full file to someone who only has the ...