# All Questions

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### Pollard's Rho - Restricting the random function to the exponents

Pollard's Rho is usually constructed using a function $f:G \rightarrow G$ which behaves 'random enough' in order to detect a collision with Floyd's cycle detection trick. It is easy enough to observe, ...
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### Relations between RSA and DLOG, factoring and DLOG

Definition: (The generalized Diffie-Hellman problem) Let $n=pq$ for two large primes $p,q$. Given $x, x^a, x^b,n$, find $x^{ab}\pmod{n}$. (1) Is there a known reduction from the GDH problem ...
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### Using machine-learning techniques for data-dependent operations in ciphers

From 'Methods of Symmetric Cryptanalysis' by Dmitry Khovratovich, The data-dependent operations are one of the most controversial design concepts. We say that an operation is data-dependent, if it ...
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### Finding algorithm: desire RSA's uniqueness and ECDSA's space efficiency

I am asking for help in finding a signature algorithm with the following property: Given a message m and a private key prikey, ...
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### Managing data permissions/access through asymmetric cryptography

I want to manage authorization, as 3rd-party permissions, through asymmetric cryptography. I'm concerned about how is it possible to share access of encrypted data with N entities, and be able to ...
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### Streaming mode of operation that is more resistant against nonce reuse

Is it possible to create a streaming mode of operation where the reuse of a nonce does not destroy confidentiality? In this question it would be allowed for the streaming mode to leak if ciphertexts ...
121 views

### Lowest number challenge scheme

Suppose Alice knows a secret number $a$, and Bob knows a secret number $b$. Is there a simple way for Alice and Bob to know who has the lowest number, without Alice & Bob exchanging their numbers ...
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### Feasible way to check n-dimensional equidistribution of PRNGs

I am currently gathering some test methods and test suites for random number generator qualities, and am a bit stuck at finding something feasible to test for n-dimensional equidistribution. As input ...
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### Can anyone explain how the modified r-adding walk works?

I was going through a paper titled “Accelerating Pollard's Rho Algorithm on Finite Fields” by Jung Hee Cheon et al. I understand the table(Ml) creation part of it, but after that I somehow fail to ...
214 views

### Pseudo-Hadamard transform, most significant bit

For clarification: The Pseudo-Hadamard transformation is a reversible transformation of a bit string that provides cryptographic diffusion. Splitting a bit string (with bit length of $2n$) into two ...
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### space complexity of quantum collision search

Is there a known way to reduce the space complexity of quantum collision search beyond what is offered by the built-in time-space tradeoff, while keeping the time complexity significantly below what ...
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### FHE over the integers - Is that paper's scheme known to be insecure against quantum adversaries?

I was reading the paper Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers, and started wondering if there is a known quantum attack on their main scheme, because There is an efficient quantum attack ...
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### Is there a flaw in this ECC blind signature scheme?

Recently I've found the following work on the internet: An ECC-Based Blind Signature Scheme The paper claims to be an ECDSA blind signature however it seems that their scheme has a flaw in it. The ...
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Two or three years ago, I was reading something interesting, but then I lost the paper. The paper described building secure and fast P2P networks (not like tor or I2P). Unfortunately, I only remember ...
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### HMAC definition by using only one key

Suppose $H$ is a hash function; why is $H(k||H(k||m))$ not secure? See this HMAC definition. In there, indeed two keys are used and the mac algorithm is $H(k_1 ||H(k_2 ||m))$ . Why don't we use ...
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### Using the same private key for two ECC key pairs

Let $(d_1,Q_1)$ and $(d_2,Q_2)$ be ECC key pairs over two different elliptic curves (say NIST P-224 and NIST P-256). According to the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP), if the private ...
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### What might be assumed about a PRF if the key has been chosen?

The defining feature of a PRF $f:\{0,1\}^k\times\{0,1\}^s\mapsto\{0,1\}^*$ is that, if the first parameter is selected at random, it should be indistinguishable from a function ...
108 views

### Looking for a detailed example of proof by reduction

I'm looking for a very detailed example of proof by reduction. Say we have two or three protocols (that have been proven secure) and we construct a new protocol. We want to provide a proof of security ...
257 views

### Key expiration policy for 3DES / TDES / Triple DES

I have a system that signs plain text messages using a message authentication code (MAC) encrypted with 3-key Triple DES. The short message is used on connection to establish a session key, so it ...
279 views

### Entropy of Androids motion-sensor data

My app on Android uses the built-in motion sensors to collect seed-data for the PRNG (java.security.SecureRandom) that is later to be used for key-generation. The user is told to shake the device so ...
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### How much plainext could be known without reducting security of RSA?

It is known, for example, that exposing 50% of most significant bits of RSA private exponent does not provide security risk (when a small public exponent it used). So how to qualify security ...
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### Prove preimage resistance property

Let $f : \{0,1\}^* \rightarrow \{0,1\}^n$ and $g : \{0,1\}^* \rightarrow \{0,1\}^m$. $h$ is created by concatenate f and g: $h : \{0,1\}^* \to \{0,1\}^{n+m}$ with $h(x) = f(x) || g(x)$. How do I ...
142 views

### Secret sharing - no dealer, modifiable, verifiable

I need to find a secret sharing scheme with these properties: The scheme is set up by all participants, ie no single entity called the dealer The parameters of secret sharing need to be ...
226 views

### Increasing the diffusion of the AES-CBC encryption algorithm in pycrypto for python

When encryption is done using the AES-CBC algorithm, the encryption can be thought of as chaining the cipher texts with the previous ones and an IV. However, if its on CBC mode, we give our cipher ...
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### Why does the new encryption scheme proposed by authors stop an adversary from guessing the subspace of the secret key?

In this paper, the authors construct an encryption scheme that is supposed to be resilient to tampering and leaking (as opposed to just leaking). Specifically this scheme: If you look at the ...
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### Hi Sec National algorithm

I'm trying to create a remote controller compatible with HiSec algorithm. It's so old that National (now Texas Instruments) discontinued NM95HS01/02 and docs are unavailable. Does anyone have the ...
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### Logics for Cryptographic Information Games

Preamble: There is currently a zoo of various logics for evaluating (proving) security in cryptographic protocols. The idea is that, by expressing these protocols using some logic, you can create a ...
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### Designing a protocol to record attendance to lectures

Scenario: a class that is not mandatory. The teacher wants a protocol that will satisfy the following requirements: It must record each student's attendance. A student X should not be able to say ...
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### Question about proof of knowledge defintion?

I am just reading the "soundness"-definition for proofs of knowledge by Bellare / Goldreich. A proof of knowledge is a proof between a prover $P$ and a verifier $V$. $P$ convinces $V$ to know a secret ...
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### P-Complete hashes, hashing to a larger set

Historically hashes have been from a large set (say 256 characters) to a smaller set (256 bits). Also, hash functions that are P-complete have no known parallel algorithm; they must be computed ...
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### Does Keccak have an eTCR mode?

On page 7 of NIST's views on SHA-3's security requirements and Evaluation of attacks, I see that, at least at this point, NIST planned on offering SHA-3 having eTCR security (defined on page 3): ...
333 views

### RSA reencryption scheme

Is there such an algorithm that would allow to upgrade the encryption of a RSA-encrypted message without revealing the plaintext to the untrusted user? Basically, such an algorithm would probably be ...
829 views

### Elliptic curve cryptography related key attacks

This question is an extension of Families of public/private keys in elliptic curve cryptography As described above, bitcoin "type 2" deterministic wallets use a root private/public key pair, where ...
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### Is it possible to generate backdoored DH parameters?

I know it has been already asked and answered whether it's possible to generate weak DH parameters. But "recentely" we experienced the Logjam attack, which makes use of the pre-computation ...
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### What are the current known weaknesses/attacks on quantum key distribution?

I am writing a paper on the implementation of QKD in the future. I want to know if there are any viable attacks on the BB84 protocol or QKD in general? I know of the Photon Number Splitting attack or ...
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I've found a way to complete a task which I'd solve with passwords or by sending keys over the wire (otherwise) by using RSA's homomorphic property. I'm restricted to RSA (any padding; for hardware ...
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### Can convergent encryption be turned into deterministic authenticated encryption with HMAC?

If you take a convergent encryption algorithm and replace the hash $H$ used to derive the key with HMAC-H, keyed with a secret key $k'$, does the resulting algorithm provide you with deterministic ...
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### What are the constraints on using GCM with a tag size of 96 and 128 bits

Say we want to use AES (or any other secure 128 bit block cipher) with GCM and a tag size of 96 or 128 bits. I'm assuming an AES key size of 128 bits and an IV size of 96 bits (the default). NIST ...
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### Public SRP verifiers or public hash chain “public keys” when secret is low entropy password

I want to set up the following: An untrusted server should host user sessions and authenticate users without knowing their passwords or being capable of creating a fake user session in the user's ...
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### Words having weight near to minimum distance

I am studying the NP-Problem of the codes Syndrome Decoding. The formulation is show below. Input: a binary matrix $H$ of dimension $r \times n$ and a bit string $S$ of length $r$. Property: there ...
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### search of patterns in key schedules

I am developing a new key schedule, and there is this article (Enhanced Key Expansion for AES-256 by Using Even-Odd Method) where the authors also propose a new algorithm and one of the objectives is ...
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### How can I design a cryptographically secure, key-dependent s-box?

I would like to design a cryptographically secure, key-dependent s-box, but I am not sure how. Mainly, because I am unsure about the difference in design compared to a random s-box. What is the ...
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### Blowfish Weak keys

I've read about the weak key issue with Blowfish, but can't seem to find anything that explains the practical effect of weak keys on Blowfish with the full 16 rounds. Is there any actual attack upon ...
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### DSSP reduction to DSSI

In “Towards quantum-resistant cryptosystems from supersingular elliptic curve isogenies" by DeFeo, Jao and Plut, a reduction from the Decisional Supersingular Product (DSSP) problem to Decisional ...
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### Are there UFDs where the factorization problem is difficult but finding irreducibles is cheap?

Factorization of integers is hard, but finding irreducibles is expensive. Is there a ring where factorization is assumed hard but finding irreducibles is much cheaper than over $\Bbb Z$? It could ...
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### Does SHA-1 meet the strict avalanche criterion?

Does SHA-1 meet the strict avalanche criterion? I've been looking for a paper to cite on this, but haven't found one. It's something that seems to be easy to check (in "On the Design of S-Boxes", ...
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### How to choose McEliece's parameters?

At the time of this writing, there are 3 sources for parameters for the McEliece public-key cryptosystem out there. The first paper is the original McEliece paper ("A Public-Key Cryptosystem based on ...
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### What happens if no final subtraction is done in Montgomery multiplication?

I'm doing Montgomery arithmetic modulo $N = 2^{255}-19$ for the Curve25519, picking $R = 2^{256}$ for Montgomery. After multiplying two numbers $0 <= A,B < N$ in the Montgomery representation ...
the worst-case one way function is defined as follows $$\forall A \exists x : pr(A(f(x))\in f^{-1}(f(x)))\neq 1$$ can you give any example of such function?