# All Questions

159 views

### Does security under ROM imply exactly what?

I'm not sure I understand really the implications of proofs of security in the random oracle model. Does a proof of security in ROM translate to a reduction of security of the crypto-system to the ...
332 views

### How safe is it to derive MAC key from a hashed password?

Imagine I have a blob that I want to encrypt-then-MAC. Now, what I can realistically ask my users for (out of UX considerations) is just an encryption password. Naturally, I bcrypt original password ...
870 views

### Malleability of ElGamal and Hashed ElGamal

Question: Suppose A encrypts a number $x$ which indicates her bid on a contract, using ElGamal encryption. Say that the encryption of $x$ produces a ciphertext $c$. Explain how E can modify $c$ to ...
184 views

### When is an asymmetric scheme considered broken?

Does the following quote imply that valid encrypted data can be created and decrypted by someone other than the owner of a private key: An asymmetric encryption scheme is considered to be broken ...
366 views

### Are all possible EC private keys valid?

I usually generate a key pair using openssl or Bouncy Castle. I'm using curve secp256k1. The 256bit private keys look fairly random. Do all values of "private ...
66 views

### Are there simpler FHE methods than Craig Gentry's original paper?

Craig Gentry's 2010 paper on FHE is very cool, and I'm planning on implementing a basic proof of concept FHE. I was wondering though, are there any simpler methods that have been discovered since ...
457 views

### What is the purpose of pre master secret in SSL/TLS?

I studied about SSL/TLS and learned that client and server must share keys below. common key for encryption common key for generating message authentication code Then, in SSL/TLS, a client doesn't ...
84 views

### For which RSA moduli, precisely, is $e=d$ for all $e$?

This question shows that there are at least two valid RSA moduli $n$, namely $35$ and $91$, such that for any $e$ coprime to $\lambda(n)$, $$e^2\equiv1\mod\lambda(n)\text.$$ Reading the linked ...
301 views

### Statistical properties of hash functions when calculating modulo

When using SHA-1 to hash an input, the result is a pseudo-random number in the numeric ID space $\{0\dots2^{160}-1\}$. Do I loose any statistical property in the result if I use modulo to restrict the ...
387 views

### Test Vectors for ciphers

While implementing ciphers (/hash functions, ...), I often face this problem: Where to find test vectors for it; so that I can guarantee my program is correct. It is generally a tedious job to find ...
431 views

### Whitening and randomness extraction

The Von Neumann randomness extractor is explicitly mentioned in the randomness extractor page of Wikipedia, but strangely enough that page does not contain any reference to whitening the results of an ...
760 views

254 views

### No IV for one off symmetric file encryption

My question is (hopefully, for somebody) a simple one; but my project is holding as I'm not sure. I read on SO that generating encryption keys without an IV is a bad idea, so is using a constant IV ...
1k views

### If RSA is limited to 117-200 bytes or so, is that a very limited use case?

Am I missing something, or is RSA very very limiting when it comes to ecrypting data when it comes to the actual message size? I have read that you can only encrypt a message of around 117 to 200 ...
520 views

### Why is the discrete log problem easy when the exponent comes from a binomial distribution?

I read in http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/7219/2/esorics06.pdf that in exponential El Gamal the discrete log problem for recovering $m$ from $g^m$ can be made tractable when $m$ is drawn from a binomial ...
2k views

### SHA256 HMAC brute force with chosen plaintext attacks

This is a follow up to Is It Possible To Reconstruct a Cryptographic Hash's Key I am using a SHA-256 HMAC function on a single-word input: sha256hmac(privatekey,word) = output. The private key length ...
175 views

### iterated discrete log problem

Consider the following problem: given $g_1 \ldots g_i,h_1 \ldots h_i \in G$, $\forall i$ find $x_i$ such that $g_i^{x_i}=h_i$ For $i=1$ this is the discrete log problem and is assumed to to have ...
1k views

### One-time pad and zero key

I'm doing some exercises before my exam, and I am stuck with task number 4 in this file: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jkatz/crypto/f10/hw1.pdf Could you help me with this task? When using the one-time ...
312 views

### What is the name of this kind of protocol

There is a communication protocol that I believe creates the equivalent of a one time pad, with the downside that the secret message must be transferred multiple times. The protocol is so simple that ...
409 views

### Can I build a secure tweakable block cipher from a normal one by adding key and tweak?

Let (E,D) be a secure block cipher. Consider the following tweakable block cipher: ...
474 views

### Is symmetric encryption vulnerable to plain-text-attacks?

Imagine that Bob sends a message to Alice for symmetric encryption to send to Charlie. (Only Alice and Charlie know the key.) Alice sends the encrypted message back to Bob to send to Charlie. Can Bob ...
12k views

### How to use RCON In Key Expansion of 128 Bit Advanced Encryption Standard

I have a question about RCON here is my illustration... this is the 128 bit key.. ...
520 views

### Is it possible to figure out the public key from encrypted text?

Suppose Alice sends messages to Bob by encrypting the messages with Bob's public key. Eve knows that the data is encrypted using RSA, but does not know the public key. Can Eve figure out the public ...
1k views

### How can I break REDSHIRT / REDSHIRT2 encryption?

Recently, a user on Gaming.SE asked a question about whether the user password in the video game Uplink could be modified after being initially set. The game does not contain an option to change the ...
318 views

### If Bob steals Alice's private key, how exactly would he read her encrypted documents?

So Bob grabs Alice's secret key when she isn't looking and her encrypted files, doesn't he need to know her passphrase to read her files? What I am reading is that no he does not need it but as far ...
727 views

### AES + CBC encryption for a stream of UDP packets

I am developing an application that is based on UDP, and I need to send a stream of packets. As you can imagine, packets can get lost or corrupted. I need to make sure that the content of those ...
274 views

### Attack for RSA 1024 bit with Low Public Exponent

I am facing a challenge at university. Our teacher give us the challenge to try to break an RSA 1024 bit. We have public modulus N and public exponent e (0x03), we don't know the padding. We have a ...
548 views

### How are the AES inverse S-Boxes calculated?

I would like to know, how to calculate the inverse S-box. I followed this link (with affine transformation first, then multiplicative inverse), but the result is wrong. For example, if I use the value ...
204 views

### Can I simulate iterated AES-ECB with other block cipher modes?

I am trying to write some code using the Web Crypto API (http://www.w3.org/TR/WebCryptoAPI/#algorithm-overview) which provides only some of the block cipher modes for AES, intentionally excluding ...
315 views

### Is it safe to AES-CBC and AES-CMAC both using the same key?

There is a very similar question (Using a derived key for CMAC) but it doesn't quite answer this one (at least for me it does not). I have a situation where I need to transfer some data. My data has ...
62 views

### Permutation parity after cycle-walking

Let $E$ be a random even permutation of the set $\{0\dots n-1\}$. We construct a permutation $P$ of the set $\{0\dots m-1\}$, for some $m\le n$, using cycle-walking; that is, computing $P(x)$ is as ...
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### How good is middle cube method with jumbled digits?

I had to make my own prng for a stream cipher for an inter school science project (I am mentioning that a lot). So I thought of cubing the seed instead of squaring it (like in the middle square ...
981 views

### Format Preserving Encryption for 32 or 64 bit plaintext values

I am looking for a Format Preserving Encryption implementation to apply to either a 32-bit or a 64-bit integer. It looks like AES/FFX mode is just what I need in terms of established security ...
1k views

### DES Encryption Algorithm all 64 bits for key instead of 56 bits

Would a DES algorithm that uses all 64 bits for the key instead of just the 56 bits be more secure? I have been thinking about it but those 8 bits used for parity are very useful and but including ...
216 views

### AES-CTR-256 Sub Keys With Encrypted Sub Key Index

I was working with some encryption and I decided to put a spin. To preface this would be used to encrypt multiple files. You start with a key file generated from random data. For example you could ...
232 views

### How to find which padding method is used in Block cipher(AES) encyption?

I have a cipher text which is encrypted using AES128 Algorithm. I want to know the following things to decrypt the cipher. IV (Initialization Vector) Padding Method Encryption Key How do I find ...