All Questions

349 views

Is the Blum Blum Shub PRNG suitable to create initialization vectors?

Is it a good idea to use a Blum Blum Shub Generator to create my initialization Vector (IV) in AES-OFB (Output Feedback Mode)?
278 views

Separate Read and Write Keys in TLS Key Material

Why does the TLS protocol use different symmetric keys for receiving and sending data? Isn't it enough to have a single key used for both reading and writing?
545 views

Sorry if this is a noob questions, but I finally figured out how to implement the Tiny Encryption Algorithm in C++. My question is what to do about padding the key and the plaintext? I know that ...
2k views

Is my pseudo-random initialization vector secure?

How can I know if I am generating a secure pseudorandom initialization vector? Currently I am planning to generate a pseudo-random initialization Vector using current date and time - is this secure ...
766 views

RSA finding the inverse of the public exponent

I have a very basic doubt in RSA key generation and its usage. In RSA key generation you choose two large prime numbers of a very large order. Then you multiply them.(eq $p \cdot q = N$) Now, ...
151 views

Combating traffic analysis over request-response protocols

Suppose I am to design a request-response protocol (similar HTTP). For the sake of simplicity let us assume that this is a "chat" protocol where the client can only perform two actions: Contribute a ...
99 views

Are there any algorithms/protocols that let you produce a specific length of random tokens/bits in such a way that you can cryptographically determine which 2 or more tokens/bitstrings where produced ...
201 views

Cipher text only attacks on deterministic fully homomorphic encryption schemes

If we have encryptions of additive and multiplicative identities in the corpus of cipher text of a deterministic fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme, I guess we can break it. If the FHE scheme ...
175 views

Defence against timing attacks

I know this is a difficult subject but would a good defense against timing attacks be not sending a message if the decryption or authentication fails? So if the attacker provides a wrong HMAC for ...
171 views

Equivalent key size between HMAC and AES?

I have seem comparison between AES and RSA, e.g., AES 128 bit key is equivalent to RSA modulus 3072 bits. Is there such comparison between AES key size and HMAC?
251 views

Symmetric mutual authentication with client using a derived secret

I'm attempting to find a client/server authentication protocol that allows the client and server to authenticate each other when the client doesn't know the server secret but does have a sensitive key ...
252 views

Difference between Pseudorandom Function vs randomly chosen function

I am currently going through a course in cryptography. In this, I stumbled upon Pseudorandom Functions. I got a little idea of Pseudorandom Generators which map an input string (key) to an extended ...
430 views

Attack an stream cypher using 2 XORed LFSRs

We know that the Key were generated by 2 16Bit LFSRs (output of both is XORed together -> key) I already extracted a 64 Bit key sequence, but how can I calculate the polynom of the LFSRs (and the ...
550 views

DES generating the same ciphertext for different plaintexts and identical key

Is it possible to get the same output for DES while the inputs are different while using the same key? The key should not have to be a weak key. If yes could you give me a hint how to show how to do ...
190 views

Requirement for the length of a HMAC tag?

I've seen NIST requirements about key length. What about the output lengths ? Is 112 bits enough for the HMAC output length ? Can we truncate the tag to keep only 112 bits ? Thank you
296 views

Using bcrypt derived keys for encryption?

Sorry for this ignorant question but I am currently weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of BCrypt over PBKDF2 and from what I have read BCrypt is considered more secure but from what I have ...
425 views

File format of an $2048$ bits RSA public key

From here, there are $14$ bytes specifying the file format of the key. I am still quite confused about the format bytes. For example, the following public key 30 82 01 0a 02 82 01 01 00 8e a3 d1 c7 ...
1k views

Static DH/Static ECDH certificate using OpenSSL

I've been searching for some time and have found no way to create a working certificate and private key pair with a DH or ECDH public key using OpenSSL. Once I do this, I'd like to sign it with an RSA ...
309 views

How to prove Security of Onion Layers of encryption?

CryptDB has Onion layers of Encryption to provide wider functionality from weaker forms of encryption. How do we prove such things are indeed secure ? Intuitively It seems ok. Are there any parallels ...
229 views

Building a stream-cipher out of a hash function?

I've already read this: Is it feasible to build a stream cipher from a cryptographic hash function? However, my proposed construction differs… Suppose the hash generates N bits. These bits are split ...
113 views

What is the difference between a bijective random oracle and a random permutation?

Assume $S$ be a finite set $O$ be a random oracle from $S$ to $S$, such that $O$ is bijective $f$ be a random permutation of $S$ Is there any difference between $O$ and $f$? Does it makes any ...
190 views

Public Key encryption /Assymetric encryption

For a start, I 've got a question regarding the Public key encryption. I know the public key encryption overcomes the Key distribution issue with the symmetric encryption and that in the case of ...
459 views

Testing if a password for an eCryptfs mount is valid [closed]

I'm using "eCryptfs" on several directories on my dedicated Debian server. I mount them manually via mount -t ecryptfs [dir] [mountpoint] But after some weeks ...
673 views

Reuse of a DH / ECDH public key

I was wondering whether it is safe to use the same DH or ECDH key pair in more than one key agreement, particularly if these public keys are in a public registry. These public keys could be used by ...
305 views

One-Time Pad Distribution of Keys Between Two Parties

Consider the One-Time Pad (OTP). Suppose two parties, A and B, generate a completely random secret key in a real-life meeting, and they keep this secret. Now A wants to send some message to B using ...
1k views

Hash function based on pseudorandom functions and security

Are there hash functions that make use of pseudorandom functions. Precisely, I'm looking for a specification of a hash function based on PRF (and based on the security of such a primitive).
335 views

Signature with appendix

I see sometimes signatures schemes with appendix. This is about signatures schemes in which the message is needed in the verification algorithm, that is, the ouput of the signature algorithm is of the ...
419 views

What does $(\mathbb{Z}_n^*)^2$ mean?

In a paper they write once, $(\mathbb{Z}_n^*)^2$. Is this the group of quadratic residues or is it something else? Here the theorem: Under the strong RSA assumption, given a modulus $n$, along with ...
677 views

Is this scheme a provably fair random number generation?

I have thought up a method for generating random numbers between a client and a server which I hope is fair: The client and server decide on a range in advance, $0$ trough $n-1$. The server ...
610 views

How many oracle calls to break an affine cipher in a chosen plaintext attack?

Assuming the ability to launch Chosen Plaintext Attacks (CPA), how many oracle calls does an attacker need to break the affine cipher? How does it work?
668 views

Is the One Time Pad (OTP) considered a cryptographic hash function?

As the title states, would the One Time Pad (OTP) be considered a cryptographic hash function?
445 views

Are really, really long passwords any securer than short ones?

Just for fun, I want to encrypt a message that will take about 10 or so years to decrypt. My idea is to encrypt a message with AES-512 with a password one million decimal digits long. Knowing not ...
630 views

How do unkeyed hash functions (for MDCs) provide security?

Unkeyed hash functions are, by definition, hash functions computed without a key. SHA-1 is an example. MDCs (message digest codes) are a subclass of unkeyed hash functions. How are unkeyed hash ...
188 views

Timestamping services authorities, utilizing Linked, hybrid and other than PKI schemes

What are well respected Cryptographic Timestamping authorities utilizing more sophisticated than just PKI (RFC 3161) schemes, like Linked, Linked and signed, distributed hash trees (maybe P2P?), ...
521 views

Complexity of ECB and OFB

What is the complexity of ECB in terms of Time and Memory? and also in OFB? I can't find it in the internet, so I decided to ask it in here.
122 views

Combining a block cipher with a (pseudo) OTP

One of the drawbacks of OTP is that it can require an inconveniently long key. Besides that, it doesn’t provide data authentication. Therefore, I have been working on an algorithm idea, which I hope ...
153 views

1024 RSA Hash Signature attack. Forge a valid signature

I have an RSA signature of 1024 bit where i know the following: Public modulus N Public exponent (0x03) Cypher message Summary: An MD5 hash is calculated from a collection of byte and is used as ...
141 views

Simple example to describe Bilinear mapping

Notation : $\mathbb{G}$ is an additive group and $\mathbb{G}_T$ is multiplicative group of prime order $q$. Bilinear mapping $e: \mathbb{G} \times \mathbb{G} \rightarrow \mathbb{G}_T$ has to satisfy ...
73 views

What is the benefit of applying the tweak a second time using XTS?

I tried to understand the inner working of XTS. What I understood is that it is applying the tweak two times: once on the plaintext and once on the output. What is the benefit of applying the tweak ...
293 views

what is it called when encrypt('a') + encrypt('a') == encrypt('aa')?

So normally if you do encrypt('a') twice in a row you'll get the same result. But sometimes (as is the case in SSH) this is not desirable. You want encrypt('a') + encrypt('a') == encrypt('aa'). What ...
801 views

Pi Message Encryption [duplicate]

I created a simple yet efficient message encrypting page that will encrypt messages using Pi. Though not being an expert in this area, I am nowhere near sure how secure this is and how easy it would ...
632 views

Understanding multiplication in the AES specification

I am reading through the AES specification and am not able to wrap my head around the multiplication definition (section 4.2). Sorry to refer to a spec but AES is the holy grail in crypto so I hope ...
89 views

Question Error Correcting Codes

Let $C$ be a code over the finite field $GF(2)$ with generator matrix $G$ and parity matrix $H$. Let $e+C=C'$ be a coset of code $C$. Let $S$ be a non-singular matrix and $H'=H\times S$. Finally, let ...
706 views

Brute-force attacking One Time Pads feasible?

I have a ciphertext encoded with One Time Pad. I do not know the key. How can I find the possible keys which when decoded, will result in a meaningful plain text?
1k views

How to implement order preserving encryption or order preserving hashing [closed]

Does anybody know any free implementation of either order preserving encryption or order preserving hashing? I've found some codes like CMPH but I need to dynamically add new DATA and that's why most ...
12k views

Decrypt files with original file CTB-Locker [closed]

I have problem called CTB-Locker. It encrypted all of my files on computer and since I have lot of documents that are very important I am in problems! As I read online CTB-Locker uses "elliptical ...
3k views

How can I find the prime numbers used in RSA?

I got this question in a local hacking event, but I couldn't solve it. Problem Statement ---- Continuing their snooping habit, NSA kept bugging Alice's communication. Resorting to the age old ...
390 views

How do I choose the best 3*3 s-boxes?

I've read about 20 papers about the criteria for choosing best $n \times n$ s-boxes. Now, I've got two problems: How to generate $2^{24}$ s-boxes, and how to test them considering the criteria. ...