# All Questions

40 views

### Attack being kind of completely puzzled?

I am reading this paper "The security of Hidden Field Equations (HFE)" and at the end of the page 4 the author wrote: Thus, after all, this belief about every attack being kind of ”completely ...
33 views

### Impact of Git's use of SHA-1? [closed]

Git uses SHA-1, and it is common to sign Git commit or tag hashes to authenticate a repo. Is this insecure now?
120 views

### Why does 0x00 make bcrypt weaker?

On the following site: https://paragonie.com/blog/2015/04/secure-authentication-php-with-long-term-persistence when talking about the dangers of using bcrypt it states: There is a nontrivial ...
40 views

### Is it safe to use a key as message in keyed hashing (HMAC)?

Scenario: User gives password. A "password key" is derived from the password (e.g. by PBKDF2). A random salt is applied. The password key is hashed with a HMAC algorithm (e.g. HMAC-SHA256), with ...
92 views

### How to show that this modification of CBC-MAC is insecure?

I'm working on some cryptography problems, found this and I'm not sure how to solve it: Modify CBC-MAC so that all blocks $t_1,\dots,t_l$ are output rather than just $t_l$ and prove it is not ...
700 views

### Is AES solvable by reducing to SAT?

Consider a known plaintext attack on AES — just so we have an actual system of equalities that we can feed to a SAT solver. Is AES solvable in this way? In other words, will the algorithm eventually ...
6k views

### Why is OTP not vulnerable to brute-force attacks?

I saw this question on the book Understanding Cryptography. At first glance it seems as though an exhaustive key search is possible against an OTP system. Given is a short message, let’s say 5 ...
40 views

### Does encrypting with MGF1/SHA-512/1024-bit seed equal to a 1024-bit key block cipher?

Suppose: Alice uses SHA-512 with MGF1(as in PKCS#1 V2) and a 1024-bit random seed to generate a mask, XORs the mask with a message(M), gets a cipher text (CT), and sends the CT to her old friend ...
133 views

### Does RSA have two trapdoors?

I watched some videos from Khan Academy explaining the algorithm for RSA encryption/decryption. They explained that there are two trapdoors, modular exponentiation being one and prime factorization ...
35 views

### Probability of generating same master secret key in Identity-based Encryption

Suppose multiple servers use same IBE domain parameters (I mean same curve description parameters and field) for master secret key setup. Is there any possibility for generating the same system ...
63 views

### Why is the compression function in Miyaguchi-Preneel scheme secure?

I was reading about the Miyaguchi-Preneel scheme and had difficulty in understanding why the compression function, $h(H,m)=E(H, H \oplus M) \oplus M \oplus H$ can be called secure. The only resource I ...
86 views

### How to calculate entropy of output of a PRNG

Suppose the entropy of seed key is $H(n)$ which is $n$-bit long and random and the output bit length of the PRNG is $2^n$, which will be used as a long running key. Though it is obvious in that case, ...
32 views

### Reykeyed AES in CTR mode as a stream cipher

Suppose one uses AES in CTR mode to generate a keystream, but every $l$ bytes the $n$ bits that would follow are used as a new AES key. Assuming that AES is a secure PRP: Is this a secure stream ...
52 views

### Dangers of using CTR mode for encryption

I know that it is never suggested to use the same key or key/IV pair twice for a stream cipher or for a block cipher operating in CTR mode. Filesystem-level encryption reuses the same key for a file ...
33 views

### Is there an algorithm that allows verification that 2 encrypted or hashed bits of data are the same, given that I may only know half of the key/ salt?

We have an interesting problem. Currently, we store a salted hash of some secret key known only to the clients of our clients to allow us (and our clients) to find other records that were generated ...
103 views

### Key derivation using the main AES encryption key and some plain text

I am using AES 128 bit encryption in java. I have an encryption key and 10 digit plain text. I want to derive a key for HMAC using the AES encryption key and the 10 digit plain text. This plain text ...
33 views

### The security of Hidden Field Equations - sentence

I am reading this paper "The security of Hidden Field Equations (HFE)" and at the end of the page 3 the author wrote: The random oracle paradigm would be to ignore that the function formulae ...
33 views

### Building multiple keys from the same input using a KDF [duplicate]

Let's say I have a single secret with high entropy, S, for the entire application. I want to generate keys K1, K2 for 2 ...
61 views

### Is it OK to reseed a Deterministic Random Bit Generator from itself?

I want a deterministic PRNG for simulation purposes, and I don't want to have to worry about spurious correlations like those the DMCT is designed to protect the Mersenne Twister against. So even ...
156 views

### Is there a security problem with this prime generation algorithm?

I am facing the following algorithm to generate an RSA public key: ...
50 views

### Identity-based proxy re-encryption using different system parameters

I am wondering if there is an identity based proxy re-encryption scheme (such as the Green-Ateniese scheme https://eprint.iacr.org/2006/473.pdf) that converts an encryption computed with ID1, system ...
127 views

### Fixed-prefix IV in CBC mode

I know the Initialization Vector needs to be unpredictable. Does it apply to the IV as a whole, or to every bit in the IV? I have multiple devices with poor entropy sharing the same key and I want to ...
44 views

### Best/average/worst-case complexity for cryptography

I understand that the complexity of a problem can be measured by it's best-case, average-case, or worst-case complexity. Am I correct in thinking that, for cryptographic purposes, each of these is of ...
141 views

### Difference left-or-right CPA security, IND-CPA security

I am trying to understand the notion of left-or-right-CPA (LOR-CPA) security for private-key encryption schemes introduced in my lecture. If I understood it correctly so far, the only difference to ...
43 views

### What about using AES-ECB with random IV?

Let P1P2...Pn be n blocks plaintext, and M0 be a random IV. Then a n+1 blocks message M0M1...Mn can be constructed by setting Mi+1 = Mi xor Pi+1. Finally, we use AES-ECB to encrypt this message. Is it ...
2k views

### How to publish a cipher (concept)?

In the last months I was searching for a subject for my bachelor thesis. I came up with an idea for a new cipher concept that works by combining already known techniques in a (hopefully) new way. So ...
43 views

### How to deal with different setup in Multikey FHE?

The scenario : using a Multikey FHE scheme, let's say LTV-FHE scheme, parties delegate the computation of some function to the mighty cloud. In LTV-FHE scheme the parties generate their keys and ...
49 views

190 views

### What is the threat to a PKI when the root CA certificate is generated using SHA1?

We have thousands of servers that have been issued certificates signed by our CA using SHA256 but the our root CAs own certificate was generated using SHA1. Assuming SHA1 is no longer secure for our ...
64 views

### Is $E_{k}(x) = F_{k}(x) \oplus F_{k}( \bar x)$ PRF?

$E_{k}(x) = F_{k}(x) \oplus F_{k}( \bar x)$ and F is PRF which maps $\left \{0,1 \right \}^n \times \left \{0,1 \right \}^n$ to $\left \{0,1 \right \}^n$. Let two messages $m_{0} = 0^l$ and \$m_{1} ...
53 views

### application of algebra to cryptography [closed]

I have taken some courses on algebra like abstract algebra, linear algebra etc. I want to know more on the application of algebra to cryptography.I don't know if anyone can be of help. thanks.
188 views

### How to decode a (Vigenère?) substitution cipher? [closed]

I am trying to decode a message that I suspect has been encrypted with a Vigenère cipher: Utl zluuocp zsc rvzu hbcp ztvibfz vrabzz utl ilry. Utlal flal cb fbaiz, qszu zbsciz. Utvu cllihl vhzb dvil ...