# All Questions

139 views

### Quantum computing vs AES s-box equation

Do quantum computers have any affect on the ability to solve the non-linear AES s-box algebraic expression, or does solving it still fall under search algorithms (Grover's)? If quantum computer do ...
44 views

### Weakening of Pallier cryptosystem due to ciphertext equivalence and order in CryptDB

Pallier Cryptosystem is probabilistic in nature and IND-CPA secure. By design given two ciphertexts one cannot distinguish whether decrypting those two ciphertexts will result in same or different ...
92 views

### Is this a secure method of encrypting with authentication?

My goal is to allow two clients to send files securely over an untrusted network without the need for more than one block of information to be sent. Both clients have ECDSA keys of size 256 bits. I'd ...
169 views

### Parallelization of CFB mode encryption and decryption

While reading Evaluation of Some Blockcipher Modes of Operation by Rogaway (someone just linked it somewhere), I noticed two claims about CFB that I'm not sure I understand: Regarding whether CFB ...
57 views

### Does SHA-1 meet the strict avalanche criterion?

Does SHA-1 meet the strict avalanche criterion? I've been looking for a paper to cite on this, but haven't found one. It's something that seems to be easy to check (in "On the Design of S-Boxes", ...
109 views

### RSA with $\lambda(n)$ or $\varphi(n)$

The PKCS #1 v2.0 specifications suggest using $\lambda(n) = \mathrm{lcm}(p-1,q-1)$. What is the benefit of choosing $\lambda(n)$ over $\varphi(n) = (p-1)(q-1)$ in RSA key generation?
83 views

### Reversing Rotation + XOR

I have this cypher which is as follows : Take 2 numbers : A=1011 and B=1010 if the ith bit of A is 1 then shift B i times to the left. So in the end you will get ...
86 views

### Diffe-Helman Exchange result is always 1

I watched a video on Khan Academy explaining the Diffe-Hellman exchange. When I try to do an example problem, I get 1 all the time. Does the generator and prime modulus (or base on Wikipedia) have to ...
153 views

### Why have round constants in hashes?

This may seem like basic crypto knowledge, but why do hash functions like SHA-2 and Whirlpool have round constants that are absorbed into their respective states? I can understand that in a cipher ...
67 views

### What is the difference between a PRF and a PRF+?

What is the difference between a PRF and a PRF+? I am understanding them to mean the same thing, but I imagine that is because I don't understand their differences. The IKE RFC defines a PRF as: ...
33 views

### different feistel words in key size

I have confusion on Feistel word in key size. Means, "what is the meaning of key size with different feistel word ?" What does m=2,3,4 represent? Where m represent different size of feistel word or ...
141 views

### SPI security of FE1 scheme

I have a question about security of FE1(Page 16-18) in paper "format preserving encryption". Can anyone explain me, why we are allowed to replace PRF with random function in security proof? And also, ...
336 views

### SHA-256 exhaustive search

How do I calculate the number of computations needed to break SHA256 in case we are using it for safely storing passwords (together with a salt)? Are there any formulas that can be employed? For ...
34 views

### Could a crypto system that uses non-FIPS crypto but then upgrades complete to FIPS be FIPS certified?

I know most people around here (including myself) are anti-FIPS, but I have a FIPS related question. Could a crypto system that is not FIPS, e.g. one based on primitives like Curve25519, achieve FIPS ...
132 views

### Calculating Multiplicative Inverse for Rijndael S-box using EEA

I am currently learning, and I'm stuck on something that I thought is very simple. On many academic sources they suggest using Extended Euclidean Algorithm to calculate the multiplicative inverse for ...
81 views

### How much pre-hashing a password increase security against brute force attack?

I am wondering how much hashing a password used as key for a symmetric key algorithm helps preventing brute force attack on crypted text. Let's assume I want to crypt text A using key B using ...
93 views

### Which is the most secure steganography technique? [closed]

Just like we have AES in crypotography, which is the most secure technique in Steganography? I am looking for a technique in which the standard image characteristic modifications it does go ...
63 views

### Can I reduce the MAC size in TLS?

The MAC size is reduced to 80 bits in truncated_hmac extension , which says "forging of MAC values cannot be done off-line: in TLS, a single failed MAC guess will cause the immediate termination of ...
48 views

### Software interface for KDF and PBKDF?

I'm working on an implementation of Krawczyk and Eronen HKDF from RFC 5869. From Krawczyk's original paper, he identifies four inputs to a KDF in Cryptographic Extraction and Key Derivation: The HKDF ...
70 views

### In what cases will RSA not work? [duplicate]

I know that there are cases when RSA will not work like when the number to feed into the system is greater than the modulus. I was wondering if there were any other cases when RSA won't work I looked ...
45 views

### How to choose McEliece's parameters?

At the time of this writing, there are 3 sources for parameters for the McEliece public-key cryptosystem out there. The first paper is the original McEliece paper ("A Public-Key Cryptosystem based on ...
40 views

### Question on Miller's algorithm (change the input m)

From the book titled " An Introduction to Mathematical Cryptography" (Chapter 5,page 322), we know that the miller's algorithm returns a function $f_P$ whose divisor satisfies div(f_P) ...
273 views

### What are the advantages of using OFB (Output Feedback Mode)? [closed]

I have a problem with OFB mode, because I have heard that it is stronger than CFB.
65 views

### Question about keyed hash functions

Maybe the answer to my question is obvious, but I have doubt... I have noticed that hash functions are studied in two forms, keyed hash functions or unkeyed. In general, lecture notes present hash ...
90 views

### Parallel authentication of encrypted data. What AE type to choose?

I've got a system with a slow data transfer channel. Transferring a message through several channels does increase the transfer speed significatnly. AES-CBC+HMAC is good except that verifying the MAC ...
43 views

### Meaning of pseudocode “$(C, S):=$”

I've seen pseudocode of this form in the Montgomery Multiplication related theses: $(C, S) := a[j]*b[0]+C$. What's the meaning of "$(C, S):=$", or what is the real code that converted from this ...
58 views

### Does anyone still use BAN or GNY logic in practice?

I want to implement a simple protocol, and I'd like to verify it through BAN or GNY logic. I would assume that if these logics are still used that there would be some programs available that would ...
122 views

### Reasons for components of AES

I started reading "Cryptography: theory and practice" by Stinson, and I am trying to understand the reason behind the choices for the different components of AES since they seem quite arbitrary. In ...
80 views

### Working on subgroup of $\mathbb{Z}^*_p$ in practice

It is said that, given a group $\mathbb{Z}^*_p$, we can always have a subgroup whose order is prime. To this end, for a safe prime $p=2q+1$, compute $x_i^2 \bmod p$ for all $x_i \in \mathbb{Z}^*_p$. ...
157 views

### Is there any practical attack to create a printable chosen prefix MD5 collision?

I would like to create two ASCII text messages with the same MD5. Is this possible? If not, is there a similar but less strict attack that could work? Or to rephrase my last question: what are the ...
227 views

### Easy explanation of “IND-” security notions?

There are many schemes that can advertise themselves with certain security notions, usually IND-CPA or IND-CCA2, for example plain ElGamal has IND-CPA security but doesn't provide IND-CCA security. ...
55 views

### Does XTS provide random write access?

I'm trying to find a sufficient encryption mode that supports random read and write access. It seems like XTS is a perfect fit, since in my use case authentication and integrity insurance are handled ...
79 views

### Using password-based encryption as a hashing scheme

Classic scheme: Given password and hashing algorithm Generate salt Calculate ...
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305 views

### Suggestion : CRC vs SHA1

I need some suggestions about the use of the CRC in my application. I need to be sure about the BIOS run by the CPU. I have a FPGA between the BIOS flash and the CPU that sniff every read performed by ...
39 views

### Why should the input value on a DPA attack be non-constant?

I actually was wondering if anyone could help me out with the following problem: Let's assume we are attacking the first SubBytes() operation on AES with the help ...
137 views

### How often does RSA-OAEP have a leading zero?

We are working with a third party vendor who is very tight lipped about their security protocols, and one of our customers who used this vendor's products is claiming that approximately one in every ...
94 views

### Is this client-side password hash scheme secure?

I want to build an app that uses client-side encryption for storing encrypted data on the server. A user-specific master key would be used, so to easily share it between devices a encrypted version of ...
91 views

### Does authenticated encryption add any protection to a signed digital envelope?

The general scenario of hybrid encryption is to use public key cryptography for the exchange of a one time session key that can be used for the encryption of the plaintext with a symmetric encryption ...
3k views

### “123456” and “password” as crack standards

I know that when we encrypt, we use standard encryption technologies and to store data it's often stored as a hash. By encrypting a common password, for example "password" using ...
104 views

### Where is SRP-Z from?

The Stanford license for SRP says: Broader use of the SRP authentication technology, such as variants incorporating the use of an explicit server secret (SRP-Z), may require a license; Yet ...