# All Questions

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### Can we break ECDLP with this machine?

Let $P$ and $Q$ are two points of NIST elliptic curve $E$ (defined over $F_{2^m}$ with prime $m$) and $k$ is a private key such that $k.P=Q$. Also we have a machine that is able to leak some ...
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### Simplied DES why 10-bit key?

In Simplified DES algorithm, the plain text is 8-bit & the key is 10-bit, why is that, why can't both be of 8-bits each?
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### Faster alternative to HKDF

HKDF is used in one of my projects to derive separate keys from a common master key. But profiling has shown it to be the performance bottleneck under certain circumstances. Is there any faster ...
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I have found many sources against cascading encryption, however I am having trouble finding arguments FOR using cascading. AES-256 + BlowFish + RC5 etc... each with a different key. This is for ...
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### Are the ECDSA public keys of a stable/fixed length relative to curve size? [duplicate]

I am working in an environment with strict bandwidth requirements, and we need predictable bit lengths of the stuff we send. We need to broadcast ECDSA public keys, and we are using OpenSSL to ...
72 views

### Can I shorten the large ECDSA public key output file from OpenSSL?

I am working in a very bandwidth restricted environment where I from time to time have the need to distribute public keys. The distribution happens in bit format, so there is no need for encoding, at ...
144 views

### Understanding the length b used in MD5

I am trying to understand MD5 hash algorithm from the link http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1321.txt At first I was not able to understand padding of MD5. Then I asked a question in this link: To ...
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### What is the canonical way of creating merkle tree branches?

I'm currently looking into creating some compact merkle tree branches to prove that a given hash was included in a given merkle root. My initial thought was to list the leaf, the merkle root and all ...
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### 1 bit shannon entropy CPU instructions?

It has been proved, that the xor operator is suitable for entropy accumulation, due to its theoretical shannon entropy of 1 bit. There are six truth tables with ...
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### Does a “commutative” asymmetric system exist?

Completely crypto noob here. I'm looking for a cryptosystem made of a func f + key1 + key2 such that they satisfy: g(f(msg, key1),key2)=msg g(f(msg, key2),key1)=msg key1 != key2 Does such a ...
45 views

### Security parameter p =O(n)

In many homomorphic encryption scheme, a security parameter is calculated as p =O(n). How to use the complexity order as values? Is there any specific method with an appropriate example?
143 views

### Is finding collisions in a part-hash not often enough a bad problem?

My situation: I've been working now for a couple of months on my own unique hash function, I've changed it many times and had two main versions but I won't bore anyone with the details of my work; at ...
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### Homomorphic encryption diagram and trouble about a paper

I'm reading a paper based on Homomorphic Encryption: “Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers: From Theory to Practice” (PDF). Now, I need a diagram of this algorithm if possible with all the ...
296 views

### Periodic One Way Function

Is there any notion of a periodic OWF? I.e. an OWF $f$ that on every input $x$ in its domain it holds that $f(f(f\ldots f(x))\ldots )=x$ when $f$ applied many times, each time on the previous ...
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### Scrypt not “old enough” to be safe?

I just check all the questions with scrypt tag about that and usually it's said that scrypt is nice in theory and theoretically better than bcrypt and PKDF2, but it's too young to be "completely ...
78 views

### Performance of ECDSA, ECKCDSA and ECGDSA

It is proven that ECDSA algorithms are faster in key and signature generation compared to RSA. In addition, the signatures are much shorter. However, I would like to know the performance difference ...
70 views

### PBC library: group of composite order for pairing operation

How to generate composite order group using PBC library? With PBC library, element_init_G1(g,pairing) statement creates element $g$ for group of prime order. I want ...
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### Is the length limit of AES-GCM per key or per (key, nonce) pair?

AES-GCM has a limit on the length of the plaintext it encrypts: $2^{39} - 256$ bits. But is this limit per key or per (key, nonce)? That is, if I encrypt a message with the maximum length, and encrypt ...
83 views

### Why is CBC-MAC with length appended not secure?

I've just read about CBC-MAC for the authentication of arbitrary length messages. In particular I cannot figure out why appending the message length before computing the MAC yields a non-secure MAC. ...
441 views

### To understand a fact related to padding in MD5

I'm trying to understand to padding process of MD5 from the link: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1321.txt In this link I have found the following description of padding: The message is "padded" ...
141 views

### Collision free one way function

I was playing with a function that I think is collision free and uninvertible assuming the hardness of integer factorization. I am unfortunately not as skilled at math as I would like to be, and do ...
52 views

### Can homomorphic operations on many different ciphertexts be multiplied by a same constant?

Assume Alice encrypts messages $m_1$,...,$m_n$ using secret keys $k_1$,...,$k_n$ on a homomorphic encryption scheme (BHHO), so she would get $c_1=Enc_{k_1}(m_1)$,...,$c_n=Enc_{k_n}(m_n)$. Then Alice ...
45 views

### compact rsa private key format

As shown in Why does my SSH private key still work after changing some bytes in the file? a typical RSA private key file contains. The public modulus $n$ and exponent $e$; The private ...
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### Encryption used in a commercial software product [closed]

I found (through some reverse-engineering) that the following encryption scheme is used in a commercial software that is quite widely used in Germany (Security by obscurity at its best). I have the ...
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### Why is AES-SIV not used, but AESKW, AKW1?

I'm trying to investigate different key wrapping algorithms for my implementation. I've noticed that AES-SIV is very rarely implemented by most of open source libraries. Most of them implements key ...
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### Elliptic ElGamal Public Key Cryptosystem doubt

I need an example of Elliptic ElGamal Public Key Cryptosystem. I have been trying with some values but I don't get the right solution. I have $p=13$, the elliptic curve $E:y^2=x^3+11x+7$ and a point ...
385 views

### Need for salt with IV

I have mainly referred to this question. Definitely in case of using a salt, IV has a use of adding randomisation to each and every key. But isn't it redundant in case of using an IV to use a salt? ...
63 views

### Proven secure scheme under random oracle

Currently I am trying to understand random oracle model in order to make a small presentation about it but I seem to be very confused about it. Since it's an hypothetical model without a real life ...
58 views

### How to test an implementation of a homomorphic scheme?

I want to implement the following homomorphic encryption scheme from On-the-Fly Multiparty Computation on the Cloud via Multikey Fully Homomorphic Encryption by Lopez-Alt et al. I use C++ and I want ...
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### Creating a custom 2 way encryption class [closed]

I am trying to make a simple 2 way encryption function that currently uses a substitute cipher for the encryption and an inverse substitution for the decryption. I want to move away from this ...
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### What is PCT_SSL_CIPHER_TYPE_1ST_HALF?

I'm writing a tool to do security posture assessments of SSL/TLS services, and ran into an interesting result. I ran through all defined cipher suites to test which could be negotiated (like sslscan ...
58 views

### How to calculate d in RSA for my number with this [duplicate]

I took the p&q value as 61 & 53 and n=3233 e=17 d=? How to find it? Plz help me...
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### Do we have anyway of knowing if avoiding self-permutation in RC4 makes it any stronger?

OK, so lots of questions get asked about RC4 but I want to make mine specific and hopefully answerable. RC4 Design as I'm sure anyone reading this knows, uses self permutation in stage 1 of the KSA. ...
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### Choise enother scheme to basises of lattice cryptosystem

In the lattice cryptosystem to find a good or bad basis we apply "hadamard Ratio". But in high dimension computing of this ratio is hard. dose any other scheme exist to solve this problem?
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### What is an impure NIST true random number generator?

I'm working on a true random number generator, and I came across this phrase in the American NIST guide, in section 6.4.1 Non-Approved Conditioning Components: The entropy rate provided shall be ...
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### Is frequency analysis the only attack on a simple substitution cipher?

I understand that "anagramming" is often used after frequency analysis of a traditional substitution cipher, but anagramming requires prior frequency analysis to provide a starting point. Is there any ...