# All Questions

428 views

### OpenPGP Signature Packet hashed data

RFC 4880 describes the version 4 signature packet, tag 2, as ...
165 views

### Digital signature for an expiring password

I would like to create a publicly available tool that is used to generate a password that gives a limited time access to a resource. My idea is to digitally sign the current date with a private key ...
388 views

### Are there any Implementations of Secure Indexes? [closed]

There are several papers about Secure Indexes, for Example "Searchable Symmetric Encryption: Improved Definitions and Efficient Constructions" and "Secure Indexes". ...
639 views

### How can I prevent a message replay with RSA?

I am using RSA to encrypt some data but I would like to eliminate the possibility of message replay. By message replay I mean sending a valid message multiple times to the original recipient. It is ...
248 views

### How can I use Weierstrass curve operations with a=-3 for implementing operations for a=0?

I am working with golang's elliptic library. It implements functions on Weierstrass elliptic curves with $a=-3$. I need to make my own library that allows me to handle curves with $a=0$. I understand ...
113 views

### Secret key and Decryption oracle in the revised Fujisaki-Okamoto transformation

Recently, Fujisaki and Okamoto provided a revised version of the Fujisaki-Okamoto transformation [1], a generic transformation for achieving IND-CCA2 security in the Random Oracle model. This new ...
223 views

### Can machine learning analyze random number generator?

I'm studying for random number generators(RNG) and I saw about machine learning a few days ago. So I searched analysis of RNG using machine learning. But I couldn't find such fields. Are there such ...
149 views

### Difference between “ECDH with cofactor key” and “ECDH without cofactor key”?

I need to use “ECDH with a cofactor key” for generating symmetric key. I have a fair idea on how ECDH works, but I don’t understand the cofactor part. What is the difference between ”ECDH with a ...
597 views

### How to solve cipher encrypted with Vigenère + Columnar Transposition?

Vigenère's weakness is Kasiski's test and index of coincidence. However, if you put columnar transposition on top of Vigenère, that weakness is gone. The text is now shuffled and you can't search for ...
338 views

### Leak-proof protocol: is such a thing possible?

Is it possible to design a protocol that by itself guarantees that a malicious implementation cannot leak secret data without breaking the protocol? Setting: Alice and Bob have a pre-shared secret ...
155 views

### Is it possible to determine or estimate the period for Blum-Micali PRG?

The Blum-Micali is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator. The construction (from wikipedia): Let $p$ be an odd prime, and let $g$ be a primitive root modulo $p$. Let $x_0$ be a ...
253 views

### Can you help me understand hash-preserving encryption?

I have rather simplistic understanding of cryptography, so I have to beg a pardon in advance if the question has internal contradictions. Imagine data $A$ with a hash $hashA$. This data is encrypted ...
245 views

### HMAC construction based on the combination of two hash functions

I would like an $\operatorname{HMAC}$ that's based on two different hash functions ($H_1$ and $H_2$), so that a break of the combined $\operatorname{HMAC}$ would imply a break of ...
132 views

### estimating entropy/randomness as fail-safe mechanism

Real-world encryption systems are often not broken algorithmically but because the implementation has a bug. Sometimes the bug only happens in circumstances that could not have been foreseen, such as ...
440 views

### Safe generator for ElGamal signature

What are the properties a generator $g$ should have to be secure for ElGamal signatures (original scheme)? I am aware that it is poorly chosen and not secure when $g|p-1$ or $g^{-1}|p-1$, where $p$ ...
23 views

### What is the original SKID3 protocol?

While searching for a mutual authentication protocol I often stumbled upon SKID3. However I encountered different variations of it. The basic structure is the following: (1) A --> B: rA (2) B --> ...
49 views

### Elligator-2 against curves over Fq, q mod 4 = 3

It appears that the conditions for applicability of Elligator-2 against many of the SaveCurves curves, where $q \mod 4 = 3$ will inevitably poke a hole in the bit-string set over $(0, 1, .. (q-1)/2)$. ...
114 views

### Is there any practical attack to create a printable chosen prefix MD5 collision?

I would like to create two ASCII text messages with the same MD5. Is this possible? If not, is there a similar but less strict attack that could work? Or to rephrase my last question: what are the ...
101 views

### How can ECDSA signatures be shortened (to be used as a product key)?

So I made my own serial key generation software, using ECDSA, for use in my own applications and it works great so far! To keep the serial key short enough I use a 128 bit EC curve. My final signature ...
122 views

### Parallel Pollard's Rho: Number of distinguished points

When using the parallel version of Pollard's Rho algorithm for discrete logs, each processor performs its own random walk to find distinguished points, and reports the starting point and the ...
336 views

### Is my id obfuscation algorithm secure?

I'm designing an id obfuscation system. My system includes: Embedded chips, each chip has a unique 32-bit address (id). Server Insecure low-bandwidth unstable one-way channels from the chips to the ...
138 views

### Given a 'good' basis for a lattice, how can we solve the CVP?

I'm doing a little bit of reading about lattices. I read that if we can find a 'short' basis for our given lattice, we can solve CVP and SVP very efficiently. However, the paper didn't describe an ...
269 views

### Compact digital signature for noisy data

The question asks for a signature scheme, with a public verification procedure, that is tolerant to minor alterations of the signed data during its transmission [possibly in analog form over some ...
173 views

### How can I create an RSA modulus for which no one knows the factors?

It's easy to create an RSA modulus where almost no one knows the factors: for example, I can generate two 1024-bit primes $p$ and $q$ and set $n=pq$. If I publish $n$, I will be the only person in ...
269 views

### LT codes with Homomorphic hashing

I have been working on a project implementing LT codes with Homomorphic hashing (inspired from http://blog.notdot.net/2012/08/Damn-Cool-Algorithms-Homomorphic-Hashing and ...
283 views

### Odds of false error detection in a randomness test using the chi-squared test?

Common Criteria classifies the requirements for true Random Number Generators, and specifies how these should be tested against failures (these can occur accidentally, or following deliberate attack, ...
431 views

### How can I find two strings $m_1$ and $m_2$, knowing that I know $m_1 \oplus m_2$? [duplicate]

Possible Duplicate: How does one attack a two-time pad (i.e. one time pad with key reuse)? I recently started to follow the cryptography class of Dan Boneh on coursera.org and the first ...
328 views

### Relation between key size and PRNG state size

Some (supposedly) cryptographically secure PRNGs have an internal state of only 160 bits or less. When the algorithm is otherwise properly designed, that seems like enough to generate a 128 bit key ...
389 views

### Tunnels used in md5

I'm reading the paper "Message Freedom in MD4 and MD5 Collisions: Application to APOP" about finding collisions for the MD5 hash algorithm involving the concept of tunnels as described in "Tunnels in ...
135 views

### What is a Key Derivation Function?

From Wikipedia: In cryptography, a key derivation function (or KDF) derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master key or other known information such as a password or ...
138 views

### power consumption in a XOR

I'm trying to understand how a XOR affect traces of power consumption in a Differential Power Analysis on smartcards. What's the difference in energy radiated in a $1 \oplus 1$ and in a $0 \oplus 1$? ...
1k views

### Why does ROT13 provide no cryptographic security?

I can understand that ROT13 is not secure for obvious reasons, but I'm looking for the theoretical answer. Wikipedia says "The algorithm provides no cryptographic security.." What does it mean to ...
434 views

### Where does the $\varphi(n)$ part of RSA come from?

$e d \equiv 1 \pmod{\varphi(n)}$ Where does the $\varphi(n)$ part come from? How did the inventors of RSA arrive at $\varphi(n)$?
623 views

### Why isn't the alternating step generator used more often?

According to the Wikipedia entry for the Alternating Step pseudorandom number generator, there is no public cryptanalysis for this device since it was invented back in 1987 by C.G. Gunther. I have ...
502 views

### Why $n=pq$ with $p=2p'+1$ and $q=2q'+1$ instead of just $n=p'q'$ for RSA crypto?

For RSA cryptography, we know that the modulo $n$ is a product of two big prime numbers(say $p$ and $q$). However, in some documents I see an extension of $p=2p'+1$ and $q=2q'+1$ with $q'$ and $p'$ ...
1k views

### What is an efficient random number generation algorithm

I have been looking for the algorithm that generates random number and this algorithm has to be more secure. I am going to use this algorithm to generate the salt that will be used in PBKDF2. ...
489 views

### Is there a way to generate sound one-time pads out of public information?

Is there a way to 'mangle' a public data-source (for example, the current date in YYYYMMDD or the top New York Times headline) to form a one-time pad that will sufficiently hide the pad's source? ...
596 views

### A block cipher with independent keys for each round

I want to modify a standard block cipher in the following way. I replace each round key by a key picked at random. Is this block cipher as secure as the original one ? Thank you. EDIT Some missing ...
525 views

### RSA primes vs. largest known primes

In the context of a new largest (mersenne) prime number being found this week - The largest known prime number is now 2^57,885,161 − 1, and it took 5 years to find ...
5k views

### Why we can't implement AES 512 key size?

Out of curiosity why we can't implement AES 512 key size? Please explain somehow i can understand! I'm not an expert.
1k views

### A simple block cipher based on the SHA-256 hash function [duplicate]

I've come up with this little routine for doing encryption using the SHA-2 (in this case SHA-256) hash function. As such it is a block cipher with a 256 bit (32 byte) block size and an arbitrary key ...
52 views

### Shamir Secret Sharing: Why cannot we recover polynomial's root if we have $t-1$ shares?

Imagine we have $t-1$ shares in $(t,n)$ shamir secret sharing. So at least $t$ shares are needed. Question: Why cannot we use $t-1$ shares to find a root of the polynomial and then recover the ...
789 views

### Is it theoretically possible to construct a string that contain its own hash value?

After saw the xkcd comic self-description, I wonder is it theoretically possible to construct a self-descriptive string that contains its own hash value? Let's say the string's md5 value is ...
5k views

### Which one of the Block Cipher modes is the best?

I have two questions regarding the Block Cipher Modes: Which one of the modes is considered the best? I know CBC has a problem of IV since the next block of the plain text is XORed with the result ...
365 views

### Is it safe to store initial counter value for AES-CTR alongside with ciphertext?

The initial counter value can actually be thought of as a sort of IV, which I assume is safe to transmit with the ciphertext, but I really want to be sure that this is indeed safe.
370 views

### Is there a secret sharing scheme which allows delegation/re-sharing without reconstructing the original secret?

EDIT: Ilmari Karonen's answer below well not exactly what I want, gives a very good idea of what I am trying to accomplish. Are there any known secret sharing schemes that allow new parties to be ...
557 views

### Why does an algorithm need a keyspace?

Why does an algorithm need a keyspace? I thought the person encrypting would define his/her own key.
2k views

### What is the SSL private key file format?

I was researching about how to encrypt with RSA. I understood everything but not the format of the private keys. In the phpseclib (RSA in PHP), you can import your private key (private.key format) ...
### Algorithm for computing square roots in $GF(2^n)$
Short question: is there an algorithm for efficiently computing square roots in $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$?