# All Questions

1k views

### Carmichael number factoring

Unsure whether this is the right forum for this question, worth a try. The task im faced with is to implement a poly-time algorithm that finds a nontrivial factor of a carmichael number. Many ...
2k views

### Explanation of the Decision Diffie Hellman (DDH) problem.

I'm extremely new to crypto, and very much inexperienced. Lately I've been reading about the Diffie-Hellman key-exchange methods, and specifically about the computational diffie-hellman assumption vs. ...
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### How are state wiretaps obtaining plaintext from encrypted transmissions?

According to the US 2011 Wiretap Report, encryption — on the off chance that it is encountered — has been no hurdle to retrieving the content of a conversation. Public Law 106-197 amended 18 ...
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### Does a hash function in chaining mode or in counter mode make a better pseudo-random number generator?

I have two pseudorandom generators: $f_1$ takes a random seed $l_0||r_0$ $\in \{0,1\}^{160}$ as input and outputs $r_1||r_2|| \dots ||r_k$, where $l_i||r_i = \operatorname{SHA-1}(l_{i-1}||r_{i-1})$ ...
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### Does the Biclique attack on AES pose a credible risk to its security?

I have heard a lot about the biclique cryptanalysis research on AES, which as far as I know is the closest anyone has got to breaking AES. Exactly how close did they get? Does this attack propose a ...
303 views

### S-box Cryptanalytic Resistance

In DES, different S-boxes were tested for cryptanalytic resistance and the most secure one was chosen for the algorithm itself. How do different S-boxes offer different levels of security against ...
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### Cost of attacking Mobile OTP with a fake server

You want to obtain a 74-bit secret $K$. There is an oracle that will provide you with the following value for several values of $T$: ...
1k views

### Software implementation of a commutative cipher?

I've got an application (detailed below) that calls for the use of a cipher that is commutative. I've been doing some googling & reading, and there are two algorithms that seem to get mentioned ...
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### What is the proper way to use a client nonce?

I've implemented an API for one of my clients, it relies on nonces and a shared secret. The structure: Client's Site (CS) requests nonce from My App (MA), posting their username MA verifies the ...
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### ElGamal signature without calculating the inverse

I stumbled upon this question in some textbook. Propose a variant of ElGamal signature scheme such that there is no need to calculate the inverse $k^{-1}$ as it is usually done using the EEA. ...
2k views

### Any good file format alternative to PGP for encrypting data at rest?

I'd like to create an encrypted file that: Can be decrypted on a variety of platforms (mainly Windows, OS X, and Linux) with knowledge of the key. Can be decrypted with existing tools (perhaps ...
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### Developing algorithm for detecting plain text via frequency analysis

First post on Crypto SE, so I've attempted to search the term "English" and looked through the first 10 pages of results, to see if this was a common question, I couldn't find a suitable answer. I'm ...
90 views

### Difference between oracle behavior and real execution

Suppose that there is a place in a security proof where the behavior of an oracle differs from the corresponding real execution (for example, the decryption oracle rejects certain types of ciphertexts ...
130 views

### Fast 128-bit MAC with second preimage resistance?

I have an application that needs a fast 128-bit MAC to guarantee message authenticity in a protocol. I would like to reuse this MAC value as a binding identifier, so that even those who know the key ...
110 views

### More efficient and just as secure to sign message hash using Ed25519?

According to the Ed25519 paper, the (potentially long) input message is hashed twice (see Section 4 page 12 steps 1 and 3). This webpage has a nice diagram toward the bottom that illustrates this, ...
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### What is degree of randomness in individual bits of MD5 hash?

I am researching on Hashing Algorithms and would like to know if we take individual bits of MD5, say we take first 8 bits or any random 8 bits of MD5 then what is the randomness probability of having ...
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### Why do we truncate the hash when using DSA?

All the articles I read on the web about DSA keep telling me that the size of the hash needs to be truncated so that the bit length is equal to or lesser than the bit length of the prime number of the ...
139 views

### Understanding Genkin-Pipman-Tromer's ground potential, side channel attack on RSA

I'm pretty sure that by now folks might have come across this research from Genkin-Pipman-Tromer (GPT) on extracting the RSA key used by GnuPG (GPG) just by measuring the ground potential. I'm going ...
136 views

### Discovering private exponent from public key

I'm going to assume this isn't possible, but I have to ask because I'm trying to fundamentally understand what I've thus far been trying to implement by following an RFC. SRP-6a starts off with ...
134 views

### McEliece and cryptanalysis

What is the computational time to break McEliece on a quantum computer? I've seen that polynomial time algorithms exist, but for special conditions. What about the general case?
148 views

### Condensed ElGamal + AES

In normal ElGamal encryption, the encrypted message is a pair (gb, gabM) - that is, the actual "encryption" is simply multiplication by the shared secret ...
213 views

### Obfuscate an “I'll reveal if you do” function

Is there any cryptographic obfuscation scheme that will let me obfuscate a program that reveals my secret, if you reveal yours? Formalization. Let $C(\cdot),V(\cdot)$ be a secure commitment scheme. ...
371 views

### Is it a requirement to understand mathematics when implementing (or breaking) cryptography?

Related: What is the lowest level of mathematics required in order to understand how encryption algorithms work? and Recommended skills for a job in cryptology In the context of putting crypto into ...
133 views

### How can I find the order of the group that an elliptic curve is defined over?

I have a Weierstrass elliptic curve ($y^2=x^3+a \times x+b \mod p$) How can I find the order of the group itself? I have seen Mathematica has a GroupOrder[] ...
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### AES-SIV security

I am invesigating the AES-SIV (rfc 5297) based block cipher. The construction of the S2V is lying on the AES-CMAC and dbl and XOR operation. Given a AAD the size of L and in the 128bit block ...
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### How to generate a key using any m passwords out of total n?

My application requires an AES-256 key K for some secure operation. In order to avoid saving this key in application, I have implemented following scheme: There ...
2k views

### Get RSA PlainText without Knowing Private Key

If I have an algorithm,RSA-Crack(), that, for a given RSA public key (n,e), is able to decrypt 1% of the messages encrypted with that key (without knowledge of the corresponding private key).Can there ...
1k views

### AES timing attacks

I'm just interested in cryptography, so please don't expect me to be an expert. ;) I recently read about AES cache timing attacks and found it very interesting. I read the article Cache-timing attacks ...
695 views

### Is there a standard for OpenSSL-interoperable AES encryption?

Many AES-encrypted things (files, strings, database entries, etc.) start with "Salted__" ("U2FsdGVkX1" in base64). I hear it's ...
241 views

### How to communicate authentication tag for GCM?

I have written some code to do AES in GCM. I currently manually append the tag property to the ciphertext, is this the proper way to communicate the authentication tag?
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### Are there any MGF1 and OS2IP functions available in C?

I need MGF1 and OS2IP functions, as defined in the PKCS #1 v2.1: RSA Cryptography Standard. Is there anything available in OpenSSL, or any other open C library?
430 views

### Checking a key before actually using it

I have a block of data crypted using twofish with a key of 128 bit. The data must be accessed from a GUI, the user gives the key, the block is decoded and the real data is accessed. Problem is that ...