# All Questions

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### Brute force against computational security

One-time pad is secure under brute force with respect to either of the definitions \begin{align} \Pr[M = m] &= \Pr[M = m | C = c]\\ \Pr[C = c | M = m_0] &= \Pr[C = c | M = m_1] \end{align} ...
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### How do you encrypt text using an LFSR?

How do you go about encrypting text using an LFSR? Could somebody provide an explanation and possibly a small example please?
363 views

### What is a fair exchange scheme?

The Wikipedia entry Fair exchange has only two lines, and the only paper I can find describing such a protocol is extremely complicated. Is this a new field in cryptology or can someone give an ...
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### Hill Cipher the point of a known plaintext attack question

Is the point of a known plaintext attack on a Hill Cipher to get the matrix key?
3k views

### ElGamal with elliptic curves

I've searched some information on ECC, but so far I have only found Diffie-Hellman key-exchange implementations using ECC, but I don't want to exchange keys, I want to encrypt & decrypt data like ...
27 views

### Substitution-permutation network

Can anyone in 6th grade English explain the steps in the Substitution-permutation network algorithm or just point a link that does so? (which is included in many of the top modern algorithms) ...
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### Security aspects of using a global values as nonce and additional data for AES?

is it a good idea to use global values as nonce / additional data? What problems can occur? What should be take in account when we deal with such parameters for encryption. Thanks
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### The RSA algorithm imposes size restrictions on the object being encrypted [duplicate]

The RSA algorithm imposes size restrictions on the object being encrypted. RSA encryption uses the PKCS#1 standard with PKCS#1 block type 2 padding. The PKCS RSA encryption padding scheme needs 11 ...
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### Help me break cipher [closed]

I'm only given the following cipher-text and have to decode the message. If you figure it out, please post the answer and how you got it. Thanks, it helps! Note: the following is all one cipher-text ...
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### how do u find the encryption/hash technique used in a string ? [closed]

here I have a String %63%6f%6d%6d%65%6e%74%65%64%20%63%61%6c%6c%20%74%6f%20%64%65%66%69%6e%65%64%20%6c%65%74%6d%65%69%6e%61%67%65%6e%74%6a%61%78%28%29 how to find the hash/encryption technique used to ...
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### Is CAST5 still a secure algorithm to use?

I just installed GnuPG for Windows. The documentation says the default symmetric cipher is CAST5. In PGP also, default cipher was CAST5. Is CAST5 secure to use? Any known attacks reported on this ...
74 views

### Simple message authentication code

I used to figure that message authentication codes function like digital signatures: a hash of a message is calculated and then encrypted with a secret key. To verify the authenticity of a message, ...
100 views

### Proving the existence of a pseudorandom function

I've been reading the Introduction to Modern Cryptography book by Katz and Lindell as part of my own learning and have come across this exercise which I am not sure how to approach. The exercise is: ...
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### Best practise Managing Key Material Securely in Memory in android [migrated]

I am aware of the issue of user entered pass phrases being left in memory if stored in Java Strings (due to String being immutable). Which takes me onto using char arrays. However, I am wondering if ...
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### Is it an example of bilinear pairing?

Consider a bilinear pairing $e: G_1 \times G_2 \rightarrow G_T$. Let's assume, $G_1 = G_2 = G_T = (\mathbb{Z}_n,+)$, i.e. additive group of integer modulo $n$ and $e(x,y) = xy$ mod $n$. Isn't it an ...
176 views

### Compact digital signature for noisy data

The question asks for a signature scheme, with a public verification procedure, that is tolerant to minor alterations of the signed data during its transmission [possibly in analog form over some ...
65 views

### Why don't PyCrypto and M2Crypto produce the same result as OpenSSL here (AES-128 ECB)

If I run the following, for openSSL: echo -n "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef" | openssl aes-128-ecb -nosalt -nopad | xxd and enter the key "YELLOW SUBMARINE", ...
1k views

### Relative security of a Vigenère cipher

Within a closed computer network, I am ciphering some plaintext data as an added security measure. This is below several other layers of protection. For various technical reasons, I am restricted to ...
32 views

### BGV FHE scheme parameters

In their paper presenting the BGV scheme, the authors mentioned in section 4.4 that, for the RLWE variant, the ring degree d, dimension n and noise distribution do not necessarily vary with the ...
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### Figure out the encryption being used [closed]

There is a web API (for a game) that sends and receives data encrypted in hex format. I'm interested in accessing the api outside of the game client (mobile app). When sending a request with an ...
41 views

### Convert numeric message from RSA ciphertext to alphabetic

I have a set of numeric values that are supposed to represent a message encoded via textbook RSA. For example: 60889 37946 13359 61629 35960 13747 I've decrypted ...
56 views

### Why would using a random seed with other variables be bad for ecrypting if you can't guess the key?

I asked this on stack exchange with it being code based, but someone suggested to ask here. Basically, I've done a script in python and wanted an option to encrypt the input, but I couldn't get any ...
5k views

### Now that quantum computers have been out for a while, has RSA been cracked?

D-wave systems has released a commercially viable quantum computer. This means in theory, that all asymmetric encryption algorithms — such as RSA — are now useless due to the speed at which quantum ...
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### Are Barreto-Naehrig Curves suitable for pairing-based cryptography?

If Barreto-Naehrig Curves are suitable for pairing-based cryptography, can I use the library available at Optimal ATE Pairing?
77 views

### Hash “Preimage by product” resistance

Let H() be a hash function that achieves collision resistance as well as first and second preimage resistance. Let's equip the output set of H of a multiplicative group structure, more precisely a ...
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### What is the period of a cipher?

For the following explanation of RC4: It is a variable key-size stream cipher with byte-oriented operations. The algorithm is based on the use of a random permutation. Analysis shows that the ...
103 views

### How did the power measurements translate to AES Key?

A side channel attack is described here. I did not quite get , how the power measurements are used to get the decryption key , can any body explain it?
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### What is the polynomial to use in the Massey-Omura cryptosystem?

The Massey-Omura cryptosystem uses "multiplication over the finite field $GF(2^n)$. I'm just starting understand the idea of multiplying polynomials and I've searched for online calculators to use for ...
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### What are the computational benefits of primes close to the power of 2?

Recently I was reading some article about the Bernstein's Curve25519. This is a particular Montgomery curve over $\mathbb{F}_q$ where $q = {2^{255}-19}$. What I missed or was unable to understand is ...
91 views

### How many attempts does it take to crack a 32-bit password hash with this scenario?

How many attempts does it take to crack (match) a 32-bit password hash from a database of 4 million password hashes? Correct me if I'm wrong, but to crack a 32-bit password hash would take roughly ...
41 views

### Crypto hash function vs encryption algorithms

Why is a cryptographic hash function generally faster to execute in software than conventional encryption algorithms such as DES?
626 views

### Can I jettison MAC if I already have SHA1(M)?

I'm currently using SSL with AES-CBC and HMAC for a file transfer containing string M. Now suppose Alice already knows SHA1(M) (and the adversary does not), and she downloads M from Bob using only ...
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### Idea for secure password hash-likes, is this feasible/usable/workable?

(Hand moved from stackoverflow.com,due to suggestion) Since breaking password hashes has become a new passtime for scriptkiddies, I thought of the problem and came up with a novel(?) idea. store ...