# All Questions

654 views

### Why are the outputs of the md5sum tool and Crypto++'s MD5 different?

Could you please tell me what is the difference of coreutils' md5sum and sha*sum tools (...
137 views

### AES ECB experiment

Generally speaking, ECB mode shouldn't be used. ECB seems to be more of a basic building block than anything else. Because I thought it would be interesting to experiment with encryption (this method ...
36 views

### Using the chinese remainder theorem as a part of the proof, show that 2^700 = 1 mod 3625 [closed]

Using the chinese remainder theorem as a part of the proof, show that 2^700 = 1 mod 3625 Using the chinese remainder theorem as a part of the proof, show that 2^700 = 1 mod 3625
13k views

### Can you help me understand what a cryptographic “salt” is?

I'm a beginner to cryptography and looking to understand in very simple terms what a cryptographic "salt" is, when I might need to use it, and why I should or should not use it. Can anyone offer me a ...
158 views

### How does hash function in Elgamal signature scheme prevent existential forgery attack?

I have heard that hashing the message M prevents an existential forgery attack. I was wondering how.
38 views

### What aspect of elliptic curve encryption paradigms makes them especially susceptible to quantum based attack algorithms?

This was a statement made during a talk at today's DFN-CERT conference but unfortunately it wasn't explained further. Can anyone shed light on why elliptic curves are susceptible to quantum based ...
107 views

### Randomness re-use in LWE encryption scheme

Let me describe the scheme first, it is the scheme proposed by O. Regev when he introduced the LWE assumption. $sk = \textbf{s} \in \mathbf{Z}_q^n$ $pk = \textbf{A}\textbf{s}+\textbf{e}$ where ...
11 views

### Getting Certificate KeyContainerName to initialize CspParameters [migrated]

How can I get the name of a Key Container that's in a smart card required for initialization of CspParameters? CspParameters^ cspa = gcnew CspParameters(ProviderType, ProviderName, keyContainerName, ...
51 views

### Schnorr's identication protocol

Schnorr's identification protocol is said to be a honest verifier zero knowledge protocol. Does it imply it will not work if the verifier is dishonest? I'm wondering if this is the case, it would ...
71 views

### AES GCM vs other encryption modes in embedded environment for network traffic

I'm doing a lot of research since I'm doing an internship for a company where I need to upgrade their security level. Their own protocol needs a cryptographic upgrade and I'm leaning towards AES since ...
56 views

### ECDSA Public key randomness

If I have a 256bit ECDSA public key how likely is it that the same public key will be generated by another person. Will it take on average 2^256 tries to generate same public key? If I xor the first ...
53 views

### RSA Key composition

I'm trying to figure out how it is composed the RSA key. Follow what I know : For a RSA 2048, 2048 is the bit length of the module. The public key is composed by $(e,M)$ when $e$ is the public ...
134 views

### Computation indistinguishability questions

The definition I have is: Two probability ensembles $X = \{X_n\}_{n \in \mathbf{N}}$ and $X = \{Y_n\}_{n \in \mathbf{N}}$ are computationally indistinguishable if for every probabilistic ...
32 views

### RSA key pair generator in “C” - HELP [closed]

So, here's my problem. Every single library i try to compile (OpenSSL, WolfSSl, PolarSSL) an other not very know gives me error on compiling to. Everthing gives the compiler a reason to just don't ...
33 views

### Are RSA keys stronger than McEliece keys?

What the title asks. I'm currently of the opinion that differences in key size don't make either stronger or weaker than the other in this case.
93 views

### Using hash for one time pad key

Recently I've been delving into security algorithms, I already knew some of the (easy) math behind AES and RSA and how to and not to implement it. But well, i got a bit bored so i thought I'd just do ...
19 views

### encryption of message “DATACONFANTIALITY” with key playfair using playfair cipher

actually i have solved the above mentioned problem but i want to check weather it is correct or not. my question is that how to encrypt the message DATACONFANTIALITY using the playfair cipher where ...
161 views

### “Practical” operations supported by functional encryption?

I'm curious about what operations have been developed into functional encryption schemes. What I mean by that is: what operations can be performed over encrypted ciphertexts? Obviously homomorphic ...
32 views

### If you know the messages, and the results of HMAC(key, message) can you find the key?

If the attacker has 1 billion 4KB (random-noise) messages and sha256-HMACs for those messages (all using the same key), can they calculate the key that was used, before the universe dies?
43 views

### In a additive group is it hard to calculate $bg$ given $ag, g, abg$

The ECDH problem defined that given $g,ag,bg$ it is difficult to calculate $abg$. But it is also difficult to calculate $bg$ given $ag,g,abg$. where $g$ is generator and a,b are elements of group.
64 views

### Reducing size of hash function

If I have some data I hash with SHA256 as hash=SHA256(data) and then copy only the first 8 bytes of the hash instead of the whole 32 bytes. How easy is it to find a ...
30 views

### Affine transformation in finite field SubBytes

Can anyone please explain how this computation was done? I picked it up from How are the AES S-Boxes calculated? The affine transformation is as follows. The input bits are multiplied against the ...
39 views

### Is Fermat's Little Theorem possible over additive group? [migrated]

As Fermat's Little Theorem is define over multiplicative group $a^{p-1} \mod p$ = $1 \mod p$. Is there something over additive group?
35 views

### Is the result of HMAC-sha256 distinguishable from random noise?

Is if the result of HMAC-sha256 distinguishable from random noise? If so, given: a collection of 1000 keys, and 1000 messages of random noise, 100 signed by each of only 10 of those keys Can ...
133 views

177 views

### Compact digital signature for noisy data

The question asks for a signature scheme, with a public verification procedure, that is tolerant to minor alterations of the signed data during its transmission [possibly in analog form over some ...
66 views

### Why don't PyCrypto and M2Crypto produce the same result as OpenSSL here (AES-128 ECB)

If I run the following, for openSSL: echo -n "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef" | openssl aes-128-ecb -nosalt -nopad | xxd and enter the key "YELLOW SUBMARINE", ...
1k views

### Relative security of a Vigenère cipher

Within a closed computer network, I am ciphering some plaintext data as an added security measure. This is below several other layers of protection. For various technical reasons, I am restricted to ...
33 views

### BGV FHE scheme parameters

In their paper presenting the BGV scheme, the authors mentioned in section 4.4 that, for the RLWE variant, the ring degree d, dimension n and noise distribution do not necessarily vary with the ...
79 views

### Figure out the encryption being used [closed]

There is a web API (for a game) that sends and receives data encrypted in hex format. I'm interested in accessing the api outside of the game client (mobile app). When sending a request with an ...
44 views

### Convert numeric message from RSA ciphertext to alphabetic

I have a set of numeric values that are supposed to represent a message encoded via textbook RSA. For example: 60889 37946 13359 61629 35960 13747 I've decrypted ...
58 views

### Why would using a random seed with other variables be bad for ecrypting if you can't guess the key?

I asked this on stack exchange with it being code based, but someone suggested to ask here. Basically, I've done a script in python and wanted an option to encrypt the input, but I couldn't get any ...
5k views

### Now that quantum computers have been out for a while, has RSA been cracked?

D-wave systems has released a commercially viable quantum computer. This means in theory, that all asymmetric encryption algorithms — such as RSA — are now useless due to the speed at which quantum ...